| HS Code | 932372 |
| Product Type | Orthophthalic unsaturated polyester laminating resin |
| Appearance | Clear, thixotropic liquid |
| Viscosity At 25c | 250-350 cP |
| Specific Gravity At 25c | 1.14 |
| Gel Time At 25c | 10-14 minutes |
| Styrene Content | 36% |
| Flash Point Closed Cup | 31°C |
| Tensile Strength | 65 MPa |
| Flexural Strength | 95 MPa |
| Heat Deflection Temperature | 70°C |
As an accredited Dur-O-Set C-310 factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Dur-O-Set C-310 is supplied in 55-gallon drums, 275-gallon IBC totes, or bulk tankers, with flexible ordering quantities. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL loading: chemical Dur-O-Set C-310 packed in sealed drums on shrink-wrapped pallets, securely blocked and braced for safe transport. |
| Shipping | Dur-O-Set C-310 is a water-based VAE emulsion, non-hazardous for transport under DOT/IMDG regulations. Ship in sealed, leak-proof containers; protect from freezing and excessive heat. No hazmat placarding required. Use standard chemical handling practices, secure loads properly, and follow spill containment measures during transit. |
| Storage | Store Dur-O-Set C-310 in its original, tightly closed containers in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area. Avoid direct sunlight, temperatures above 40°C (104°F), and freezing. Ideal storage is between 5–40°C. Keep away from incompatible materials. Use within the manufacturer’s stated shelf life, and stir gently before use if separation occurs. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is 6 months from date of manufacture when stored in original container at 40–100°F (4–38°C). |
In air-through bonded carded webs for hygienic acquisition layers, the self-crosslinking vinyl acetate-ethylene dispersion is pad-applied or foam-applied at a dry add-on of 12–18% relative to fiber mass when the target web mass is 45–55 g/m². The application point is placed after the card and before the air-through dryer; a rotary screen with a foam blow ratio of 1.5:1 is used when the line is configured to prevent liquid strike-through. On production lines with a three-pass air-through dryer, the zone set points are 110°C, 125°C, and 140°C, and the web exit temperature is held between 130°C and 140°C for 20–30 s. The functional specification is not dry breaking force but wet tensile retention after 1 h immersion in deionized water, measured according to ISO 9073-4. The wet-to-dry tensile ratio is generally specified at or above 0.70 for household wipe and acquisition layer formats; below this value, the end product delaminates during storage under load at 70% relative humidity. A known production bottleneck occurs when basis weight variation exceeds ±2 g/m² at a 50 g/m² target: the add-on control loop measures web mass per unit area, not fiber mass, so light spots receive excess binder and stiffen the web. The dispersion is also used in air-laid wipes saturated with disinfectant solutions; compatibility is evaluated by measuring wet tensile after 24 h immersion in 70% isopropanol or 0.5% quaternary ammonium at 40°C. Published data for Dur-O-Set C-310 in dilute quaternary ammonium formulations is limited, so final wipe compatibility must be verified on the converted substrate. End-use formats include acquisition distribution layers, premoistened tabletop wipes, and semipermanent protective nonwoven mats.
Wet-laid filter paper for automotive engine air intake is treated with the same dispersion at 15–20% dry add-on when the furnish is a 70/30 cellulose/glass-fiber blend and the target sheet basis weight is 110–130 g/m². The binder is introduced after the retention aid in the stock preparation tank; the pH is maintained at 5.0–5.5 because below 4.8 the anionic dispersion loses shear stability and above 6.0 the glass-fiber fines flocculate. On the wet-lay line, white-water conductivity is controlled below 2,000 µS/cm to limit electrolyte-driven binder agglomeration on the forming wire; headbox consistency is kept below 0.05% to reduce fiber flocculation. The main kinetic question is the effective cure endpoint. Wet burst retention after 1 h immersion, measured by ISO 2758, rises sharply when the web exit temperature moves from 120°C to 140°C; production data from pilot drum dryers commonly show a plateau after the web has been held at 140°C for 30 s. Above 150°C, the wet burst retention does not improve and the sheet yellows because the cellulosic fraction undergoes acid-catalysed hydrolysis in the presence of residual acetate groups. The crosslinked film must withstand oil immersion for heavy-duty pleated elements; typical OEM test protocols use SAE 10W-30 motor oil at 110°C for 72 h, after which the filter sheet must retain at least 70% of its original burst strength. Air permeability is measured according to ISO 5636-5 at 200 Pa; adding binder reduces permeability, so the furnish and beating level are adjusted to keep the final value within the OEM window. The binder also reduces fibrous shedding at the clean-air side, measured gravimetrically after a pulse-load dust cake release test on a flat-sheet rig; typical acceptance is below 2 mg/m³ of liberated fibers. Cationic retention aids and amine-based wet-strength resins should not be combined with this anionic dispersion at high charge demand; incompatibility appears as visible pre-flocculation in the headbox and deposits on the forming wire. End-use formats include panel air filters, cabin air filters, and heavy-duty intake cartridge media where embrittlement after thermal aging in the presence of engine oil is the primary failure mode to avoid.
Needlepunched headliner substrates, parcel shelf covers, and trunk side panels are treated with the dispersion by a two-roll padder after needling; dry add-on is between 20% and 30% of web mass depending on punch density and fiber denier. The fiber entanglement created at 120–150 penetrations/cm² provides the web with mechanical integrity; the binder contributes compression recovery and fiber-to-fiber adhesion after thermal cure. The padder is operated at a nip pressure of 3.0–5.0 bar; higher nip pressure drives the dispersion into the core but raises the drying demand and can create a wet-web break at the first dryer pass. The dominant specification for automotive interior trim is fogging, tested by DIN 75201-B for 16 h at 100°C; OEM headliner substrate limits commonly require condensate mass below 5 mg per test plate. An undercured web with an exit temperature below 130°C will fail fogging even when the same formulation passes on a laboratory padder because the crosslinking reaction in the core remains incomplete. This is the main production conflict: increasing line speed from 8 m/min to 12 m/min without increasing dryer airflow raises the surface temperature to 140°C while the core remains below 120°C, producing a gradient in crosslink density that is difficult to detect from reel hardness alone. The dispersion is also evaluated for volatile organic compounds by thermal desorption GC-MS according to VDA 278; the finished converter must confirm that the cured web meets the OEM interior air quality limits. Under EU Directive 2011/65/EU (RoHS), the cured binder does not introduce lead, cadmium, mercury, hexavalent chromium, PBB, or PBDE above the maximum concentration values, but the final article must be tested because the web also contains fiber and finishing chemicals. Abrasion resistance is measured by Taber CS-10 wheels at 500 g load and 500 cycles; acceptance is usually below 0.5% initial mass loss. The crosslinked film prevents fiber release during die-cutting and edge trimming, which is critical for just-in-time tier-one supply where dust contamination is an assembly-line reject.
Air-laid cellulose board is saturated with the same dispersion at 14–18% dry add-on using spray nozzles in a falling curtain configuration; the finished web is used as absorbent core wrap and disposable tabletop protective sheeting. If the intended use is dry food-contact paper, the converter must verify that the dispersion meets FDA 21 CFR 176.170; wet food contact normally requires an additional barrier layer. The critical dryer control is to keep the first can surface below 105°C when the entering web moisture is above 60%; otherwise binder skins delaminate from the can and re-deposit on the sheet as hard spots.
Foam-to-web application is used on lightweight spunlace prewipes below 40 g/m² because spray impingement drives the low-solids dispersion through the web into the forming belt, reducing binder retention and increasing rewet in the finished wipe. The dispersion is foamed to a blow ratio between 1.3:1 and 1.6:1 with a drainage half-life of 3–5 min and is applied through a pressure-driven slot coater with vacuum under the wire. The vacuum box collapses the foam at the fiber intersections; if foam density falls outside the 80–120 g/L range, the cross-machine tensile coefficient of variation exceeds 15% according to ISO 9073-4. The dry add-on for prewipes is 8–12% on fabric mass; higher add-on reduces softness and water absorbency rate, while lower add-on fails the wet tensile retention requirement after 24 h immersion in 0.5% quaternary ammonium solution at 40°C. The process conflict is foam stability versus migration: if the half-life is above 5 min, the foam forms a discontinuous film on the surface, and if it is below 3 min, the liquid phase migrates to the belt side and creates an asymmetric distribution visible after cross-sectional staining. Defoamer selection is critical because silicone-based defoamers can reduce wet tensile retention by interfering with film coalescence; non-silicone products are used at addition levels below 0.1% of wet dispersion. Amine-based additives should not be combined with the dispersion without an anionic/nonionic compatibilizer because they can trigger premature crosslinking and raise the viscosity beyond the slot coater's operating range. End-use formats include food service prewipes, cleanroom wiping substrates, and protective coverall outer layers. For skin-contact cosmetic wipes, the finished product manufacturer carries the toxicological and labeling obligations under EU Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009; the binder supplier provides compositional information through a regulatory data sheet.
Wet-laid nonwoven webs for vacuum cleaner bag media and tea filter over-wrap are saturated with the dispersion at 10–15% dry add-on after web formation and passed over a vacuum slot before contact drying. The dispersion is diluted to 15–20% solids to avoid saturator foam and to control saturator pickup; the final web moisture after the vacuum slot is held at 55–65% because high initial moisture reduces the rate of capillary transport of dispersion particles to the surface during the constant-rate drying phase. The migration index is determined by cross-sectional staining with a lipophilic tracer; a value above 1.5 indicates surface binder enrichment and correlates with reduced delamination resistance in the finished laminate. Drying is staged with a first zone at 95°C, a second zone at 120°C, and a third zone at 145°C; the first zone must not exceed a drying rate of 0.5 kg H₂O/(m²·s) or the binder migrates before film coalescence. The crosslinker begins to react only after the web moisture falls below 10%; therefore, third-zone residence time is the controlling parameter. For a 60 g/m² web, 30–45 s at 140°C is sufficient for full wet tensile development, while longer residence at 150°C yellows the cellulosic fraction. The furnish for vacuum bag media is typically 60/40 cellulose/polyester; the VAE dispersion is used because it retains fiber-fold flexibility at relative humidity below 20% and does not dust after converting. End-use formats include industrial dust collector cartridges, vacuum cleaner bag media, and heat-sealable tea filter over-wrap. REACH registration and RoHS compliance for the dispersion are documented in the supplier safety and regulatory data sheet, but the converter is responsible for testing the finished nonwoven against the specific article-level limits.
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Dur-O-Set C-310 is supplied as a waterborne polyvinyl acetate homopolymer dispersion stabilized with polyvinyl alcohol protective colloid. It is positioned as a base polymer for formulated packaging adhesives, not as a ready-to-use adhesive. In side-seam, carton-closing, and rigid-box laminating operations, the dispersion is compounded with coalescing plasticizers, tackifying resin dispersions, defoamers, and rheology modifiers to match wet tack, open time, and set speed to specific converting line conditions. The primary differentiation of the grade is the combination of high molecular weight, polyvinyl alcohol stabilization, and a dry-polymer glass transition temperature near 29 °C as determined by DSC midpoint under ISO 11357-2. These properties produce a relatively rigid coalesced film with elevated heat resistance compared with ethylene-modified vinyl acetate copolymer dispersions, while retaining waterborne cleanup and low volatile organic compound content during application.
Lot release data referenced in supplier technical documentation include a nominal solids content of 55.0 wt% when tested in accordance with ISO 3251 at 105 °C for 2 h. Apparent viscosity is reported as 1,500–2,500 mPa·s at 25 °C using a Brookfield RVT viscometer, spindle 4, at 20 rpm per ISO 2555. The pH is controlled within 4.5–5.0 by ISO 976. Specific gravity is reported at 1.08 g/cm³ by ISO 2811-1. Minimum film formation temperature is typically near 18 °C by ISO 2115. The dispersion particle size is commonly measured by laser diffraction under ISO 13320-1; published data for this specific configuration is limited, though polyvinyl alcohol-stabilized polyvinyl acetate homopolymers of this class generally exhibit volume-median particle diameters in the 1–3 µm range.
Storage stability is a critical operational boundary. The dispersion should be maintained between 5 °C and 35 °C. Freeze exposure causes irreversible coagulum formation because polyvinyl alcohol-stabilized dispersions lose colloidal stability during ice-crystal growth and local dehydration. Bulk tanks and transfer lines constructed from 316L stainless steel or high-density polyethylene are compatible. Unprotected carbon steel is not recommended because the acidic aqueous phase can release iron ions that destabilize the colloid and discolor dried adhesive films. Preservative demand must be evaluated against wet-state microbial challenge testing such as ASTM D2574 or the corresponding ISO method, particularly if plant dilution water exceeds 100 CFU/mL total aerobic count. Batch-to-batch variation in solids and viscosity is typically within ±1 wt% and ±500 mPa·s, which requires adhesive compounders to maintain a viscosity correction table rather than relying on a fixed water-addition recipe.
The dried polymer film is rigid and non-tacky at ambient temperature. Because the polyvinyl acetate backbone does not contain copolymerized ethylene, the unplasticized film exhibits lower elongation at break than vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer films. Tensile screening of free films may be performed according to ASTM D638 or ISO 527-3, but reported values are heavily influenced by film casting thickness, plasticizer content, and coalescent retention. Published data for Dur-O-Set C-310 as an uncompounded film under these specific conditions is limited; users should generate film-property data on the formulated adhesive rather than on the raw dispersion.
The principal difference is the absence of copolymerized ethylene in the polymer backbone. Ethylene modification in vinyl acetate-ethylene dispersions reduces dry-polymer glass transition temperature, often below 0 °C, improving cold-flexibility and adhesion to low-energy films. The homopolymer structure of Dur-O-Set C-310 retains a higher glass transition temperature and yields a more rigid adhesive film with greater resistance to creep under load at elevated warehouse temperatures. In carton side-seam adhesion, this property reduces seam slippage during hot-fill or summer transit when board surface temperatures can exceed 45 °C. The operational tradeoff is reduced flexibility below 5 °C unless plasticizer or a flexibilizing resin dispersion is incorporated.
Against dextrin or starch-based packaging adhesives, the polymer dispersion provides a continuous film with higher water resistance after drying and less brittleness than unmodified dextrin films. Against hot-melt ethylene-vinyl acetate systems, the dispersion is applied at ambient temperature, which reduces thermal hazard and char formation in application equipment but introduces a drying requirement. Bond formation depends on water loss from the adhesive film; closed-stack compression time, substrate absorbency, and coating weight therefore govern line speed more than open-time alone. The product is not a self-crosslinking grade. Its wet and dry properties derive from polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetate domain coalescence rather than covalent network formation. Additions of glyoxal, zirconium ammonium carbonate, or epoxy-functional silanes can increase water resistance, but these additives react with the protective colloid and may reduce pot life to less than 2 h at 25 °C.
Production-scale compounding of similar polyvinyl acetate homopolymer dispersions has shown that high-shear mixing can mechanically degrade the protective colloid layer. Rotor tip speeds above 5 m/s may raise apparent viscosity through microcoagulum generation. If a Cowles blade is used, the batch should be held below 3 m/s for no more than 30 min after plasticizer addition. Dosing plasticizer through a rotameter at 0.3–0.5 kg/min into the moving batch prevents shock coagulation. Direct pouring can produce localized plasticizer concentration above 10 phr at the addition point, leading to film formation on mixer blades and shaft.
Plasticizer selection for a 29 °C glass transition temperature homopolymer is determined by the required low-temperature resistance and the regulatory end-use. Triacetin, triethyl citrate, and benzoate esters are used where phthalate restrictions apply; dibutyl phthalate and dipropylene glycol dibenzoate remain relevant in non-food industrial laminating where volatility and extraction resistance are acceptable. At 5–10 phr plasticizer, the dried film glass transition temperature can be shifted into the 10–20 °C range, but plasticizer migration into clay-coated board may reduce open time and block resistance. For food-contact grades, formulation must be evaluated under end-use extraction limits in FDA 21 CFR 175.105 and applicable European Commission Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 migration conditions, not solely by plasticizer selection.
Low-temperature application of the unplasticized dispersion is constrained by the minimum film formation temperature near 18 °C. At board temperatures below the minimum film formation temperature, coalescence is incomplete, producing a discontinuous film with reduced fibre-tear adhesion and increased water sensitivity. In cold-plant environments, temporary coalescing solvents or external plasticizers are required. Propylene glycol methyl ether acetate and dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether have been used as temporary coalescents, but addition levels above 3 wt% can extend open time and create blocking in stacked cartons.
The dispersion is shear-thinning but not highly pseudoplastic. A single-point Brookfield reading at 20 rpm does not capture high-shear behavior in application heads. If roller or stencil application is simulated, a cone-and-plate viscometer or capillary rheometer operating at 10,000 s⁻¹ is more relevant because apparent viscosity at high shear can be 30–50% lower than the low-shear value. Rheology modification is usually performed with alkali-swellable acrylic thickeners, fumed silica, or polyurethane associative thickeners. Alkali-swellable thickeners require partial neutralization and can destabilize the acidic emulsion if added without pre-adjustment. Polyurethane associative thickeners provide high-shear viscosity for roller transfer but can reduce tack when overdosed above 0.5 wt% active.
Compatibility boundaries must be observed with crosslinkers, salts, and borated additives. Borate and boric acid cause gelation by diol complexation with polyvinyl alcohol and are incompatible at even low addition levels. Amine-based neutralizers are unsuitable because triethanolamine and similar bases can raise pH into the alkaline range, initiate polyvinyl acetate hydrolysis, and increase water sensitivity. Multivalent salts can shock the dispersion, particularly in diluted form; compatibility jar tests over 24 h are required before introducing new raw materials.
If the formulated adhesive is applied by nozzle or roller to porous board at line speeds above 150 m/min, dilution with deionized water is usually required to reduce Brookfield viscosity to 800–1,200 mPa·s at 25 °C. Water addition above 5 wt% of the formulation can reduce wet tack and increase strike-through on lightweight recycled linerboard. Dilution should be performed gradually with low-shear agitation; the aqueous phase must be verified to contain low hardness ions because calcium and magnesium can destabilize the dispersion and cause nozzle plugging.
High-shear nozzle deposition of polyvinyl acetate homopolymer dispersions is sensitive to drying crust formation at open nozzles. If compressed air is used to atomize the adhesive, the air supply should be oil-free and filtered to 5 µm. Crust formation on nozzle tips occurs when the adhesive film dries and crosslinks or accumulates polyvinyl alcohol skin; this failure mode is controlled by intermittent nozzle flushing or water-saturated tip covers. The open time on clay-coated recycled board is commonly limited to 10–20 s before fibre-tear adhesion falls, but published data for this specific configuration is limited and must be confirmed on the target board stock.
Regulatory assessment is end-use specific. The dispersion may be cited in supplier certifications for FDA 21 CFR 175.105 and FDA 21 CFR 176.170, subject to extraction limitations and the food type. Classification depends on the complete formulated adhesive, not only on the base polymer. REACH and RoHS 2011/65/EU documentation must be requested from the supplier in the region of use. The presence of intentionally added formaldehyde donors, alkylphenol ethoxylates, or restricted phthalates must be verified against the lot-specific safety data sheet.
For European converters, migration testing of the dried adhesive film is performed under European Commission Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 with simulant D1 for aqueous foods, simulant D2 for acidic foods, and oil simulants for fatty foods depending on the food type. Published data for Dur-O-Set C-310 in each simulant under end-use thickness is limited; the migration profile must be generated for the final adhesive formulation. The dispersion is not classified as a nonfood-contact material by default, and regional food-contact declarations should not be inferred from polymer type alone.
Observed failure modes on high-speed carton lines include fibre-tear reduction when the adhesive is over-diluted, seam pop-over under compression when the film glass transition temperature exceeds board relief temperature, and block blocking in stacked cartons when plasticizer migrates into the top coat. These failures are controlled by adjusting plasticizer level, open time, compression dwell, and dilution water content. Because the product is a raw polymer dispersion, the final performance envelope is defined by the compounding formulation and the converting line conditions, not by the base polymer alone.
