| HS Code | 605631 |
| Product Name | Celvolit 1476 |
| Chemical Family | Vinyl Acetate-Ethylene (VAE) Copolymer Emulsion |
| Appearance | Milky white aqueous dispersion |
| Solid Content | 55 ± 1 % by weight |
| Viscosity | 5000 - 9000 mPa·s (Brookfield, 25°C) |
| Ph | 4.5 - 5.5 |
| Density | 1.05 - 1.07 g/cm³ |
| Minimum Film Forming Temperature | 0°C |
| Glass Transition Temperature | -14°C |
| Average Particle Size | 1 - 2 µm |
| Tensile Strength | 7 MPa (cast film) |
| Elongation At Break | > 800% (cast film) |
| Surface Tension | Approximately 35 mN/m |
| Film Character | Clear, flexible, tacky film |
| Storage Stability | 6 months from date of shipment when stored at 5 - 35°C |
As an accredited Celvolit 1476 VAE Emulsion factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Celvolit 1476 VAE Emulsion is supplied in 1,000 kg IBC totes or 200 kg drums, sealed for safe handling. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | Load 20′ FCL with Celvolit 1476 VAE emulsion in drums/IBCs, securely blocked, protected from freezing and damage. |
| Shipping | Celvolit 1476 VAE Emulsion ships in drums, IBCs, or bulk tankers. It is non-hazardous for transport but must be protected from freezing and excessive heat. Keep sealed, upright, and dry during transit, avoiding prolonged storage above 40°C or below 5°C to maintain product stability. |
| Storage | Store Celvolit 1476 VAE Emulsion in original, tightly sealed containers in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, ideally between 5–35°C. Protect from freezing, direct sunlight, and extreme heat. Keep away from oxidizing agents and ignition sources. Stir gently before use. Use within six months of receipt to maintain stability and performance. |
| Shelf Life | Store in original sealed containers at 5–40°C, protected from frost. Shelf life is 12 months from date of manufacture. |
Within the EU joinery sector, factory-applied D4 adhesives must withstand a minimum 6 h of boiling water without delamination per EN 204/EN 12765—a criterion that eliminates most conventional polyvinyl acetate homopolymers and shifts formulation selection toward ethylene-modified VAE emulsions capable of internal plasticisation without formaldehyde-generating crosslinkers. Formulations built on Celvolit 1476 typically load between 85% and 93% of the as-supplied emulsion (wet weight) together with a coalescent at 2–4%, a polyvinyl alcohol thickener solution, and a preservative package; the resulting adhesive exhibits a minimum film-forming temperature below 0°C, enabling cold-press assembly in unheated workshops. Production-scale application proceeds via roller coater or curtain coater onto hardwood lamellas at 120–200 g/m² wet spread, followed by open assembly times of 8–15 min and closed assembly under press forces between 0.7 N/mm² and 1.5 N/mm². A process conflict arises when press temperatures exceed 75°C: the ethylene-rich copolymer skin forms a dense hydrophobic film that inhibits moisture effusion from the glue line, generating vapour pockets and a characteristic “mud-cracking” pattern observable in shear testing. To suppress this defect, hot-plate platen presses must profile a ramp from 20°C to 60°C over 3–5 min or shift to high-frequency (HF) polymerization, where a 27.12 MHz field accelerates water migration without a steep surface temperature gradient. HF-cured D4 joints routinely surpass 7 N/mm² dry shear strength on beech (Fagus sylvatica) according to DIN EN 205, with wood failure percentages above 85%. The end-use items are structural and semi-structural interior elements: multiply laminated stair treads, window scantlings, finger-jointed door stiles, and curved veneer shells for seating—all CE-markable under the EN 14080 timber structure standard when the adhesive system holds a valid initial type testing (ITT) report.
In flexible packaging laminations where food contact safety dominates supplier qualification audits, the binder must survive extended contact with acidic, fatty, and aqueous simulants without delamination or off-taste migration. Celvolit 1476, applied as sole binder or in blend with acrylic-styrene copolymers at ratios of 70:30 to 90:10 (dry/dry), provides adhesion to corona-treated metallised OPP and aluminium foil under a thin coat weight of 1.5–3.0 g/m² (dry). The adhesive formulation, containing a defoamer based on polyether siloxane at 0.1–0.3% and a coalescing solvent at 5% on binder solids, is processed on a multi-cylinder gravure press at line speeds between 200 m/min and 350 m/min. Drying is realised in a staged oven with temperature zones of 70°C→90°C→105°C, keeping residual moisture below 1.5% to avoid post-lamination tunnel blocking on rewind. A documented operational limit pertains to aluminium foil with residual rolling oil: hexane-extractable lubricant above 50 mg/m² surface concentration impedes initial wet-out, requiring inline corona re-treatment at 2–3 kW and a dyne level exceeding 54 mN/m. Regulatory compliance is anchored to FDA 21 CFR §175.105 and EU 10/2011 for food contact adhesives, with overall migration into simulant D2 (vegetable oil) below 10 mg/dm² during 10 d at 40°C. Furthermore, the polymeric film meets the organic requirements of EN 13432 for industrial compostability when the total adhesive laydown does not exceed 5% of the finished laminate mass. Finished product types include microwave popcorn bag outer ply, chocolate bar inner wrap, butter wrap, and three-side-seal sachets for instant beverage powders, all produced on form-fill-seal equipment where the seal integrity is continuously verified by in-line airborne ultrasound at 400 kHz.
Carpet tiles manufactured for commercial interiors subject to CARB Phase 2 and Green Label Plus indoor air quality mandates increasingly demand hot-melt-free secondary backings. Pre-coat formulations based on Celvolit 1476 VAE, applied via lick-roll or doctor-over-roll at 800–1,200 g/m² wet add-on, consolidate tuft binds while maintaining a residual formaldehyde level below 0.05 ppm by EN 717-1:2004 chamber testing, thus qualifying for the M1 emission class (Finnish Building Information Foundation). The pre-coat compound is filled with calcium carbonate (particle size D50 12–15 µm) at a filler-to-binder ratio of 200:100 to 300:100 (dry/dry) and a froth density calibrated to 200–350 g/L via a mechanical foamer; the latex constitutes 45–55% of the pre-coat wet weight. An operational incompatibility arises with carboxylated SBR latices used in adjacent back-coat zones: residual zinc stearate or zinc-ammonia complexes from synthetic latex polymerisation can initiate ionic coagulation when the two streams intermix in the recycling doctor box, forming seeds that appear as crater defects in the final coating. Consequently, separate collection circuits and inline strainers with a mesh size of 150 µm are mandated on twin-head coating ranges. The pre-coated textile then receives a secondary backing of polyolefin or recycled PET fleece, bonded with an identical VAE formula, and is cured through a forced-air oven with a residence time of 12–18 min at 130°C (fabric surface temperature). Tuft bind strength tested per ISO 4919 reaches 4.5–6.0 kg for solution-dyed PA6 cut-pile constructions, with a velour-loss under the castor chair test (EN 1963/ISO 4918) below 0.4 g. End products are modular carpet tiles (500 mm × 500 mm) installed in offices, education facilities, and airport lounges, each batch lot traceable through a warm-wallet lot number tied to the pre-coat viscosity recorded at the applicator station.
The production of flexible tile adhesives classified as C2S2 per EN 12004:2007+A1:2012 requires a liquid polymer modifier that sustains transverse deformation above 2.5 mm without the pozzolanic contribution of silica fume. Celvolit 1476 is incorporated via the gauging water at a dosage equivalent to 6%–12% polymer solids on cement weight in a two-component (2K) system or, in factory-batched dry-mix variants, post-added with the first water charge into a compulsory pug-mill mixer of 100–300 L capacity. The fresh mortar must achieve a pot life of at least 4 h and an open time of 30 min under the EN 1346 test with adhesive strength remaining at ≥0.5 N/mm². A critical threshold exists in the early hydration window: during the first 6 h at 23°C/50% R.H., the pore fluid pH exceeds 13.5, and if the emulsion polymer possesses insufficient alkaline hydrolysis resistance, the co-monomer ethylene sequences undergo chain scission, leading to a permanent loss of 30–50% of tensile adhesion strength after 28 d of water immersion at 20°C. Celvolit 1476 contains a stabilisation system that buffers the latex against saponification, evidenced by a retention of ≥85% of original adhesion when specimens are conditioned per EN 12004 immersion protocol (cycle: 7 d standard climate, 21 d water immersion, 7 d standard climate). The table below captures the property window observed in a cement-rich mortar (CEM I 42.5 R, aggregate-to-binder ratio 2.5:1, w/c ratio 0.42) as a function of polymer solids dosage.
| Polymer solids dosage (wt% on cement) | Initial tensile adhesion strength [N/mm²] | After water immersion [N/mm²] | After heat ageing [N/mm²] | Transverse deformation [mm] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 (control) | 0.55–0.7 | 0.3–0.45 | 0.5–0.65 | <1.0 |
| 6% | 1.2–1.5 | 0.8–1.1 | 1.0–1.3 | 1.8–2.2 |
| 9% | 1.6–2.0 | 1.2–1.6 | 1.5–1.9 | 2.5–3.0 |
| 12% | 2.0–2.5 | 1.5–2.0 | 1.8–2.3 | 3.0–3.8 |
Plant-scale application confirms that a screw-shaft pan mixer with an FKM-lined seal is required; EPDM gaskets swell and leak when exposed to the coalescent contained in the VAE emulsion during extended mixing cycles beyond 12 min. The cured mortar is trowelled at 1.5–3.0 kg/m² for floor tiling over electric underfloor heating mats operating at a maximum 45°C surface temperature. Tile types range from large-format porcelain slabs (1,200 mm × 2,400 mm × 6 mm) to thin gauged stone veneers, the bedding layer remaining crack-free after 1,000 thermal-shock cycles between 5°C and 40°C under the EN 1348 test protocol.
Flat to semi-gloss architectural interior paints formulated to meet the EU Ecolabel (2014/312/EU) and DIN EN 13300 Wet Scrub Class 2 benefit from the high ethylene segment content of Celvolit 1476, which delivers film coalescence at low minimum film-forming temperatures without the addition of high-boiling coalescing agents that would increase the total VOC content beyond 30 g/L. In a pigment volume concentration (PVC) range of 45%–55% with TiO₂ reduced to 10%–12% (wt/wt) total solids, the VAE emulsion is included at 18%–25% of the formula weight. The let-down process on a high-speed disperser (Cowles blade, tip speed 18–22 m/s) requires the slurry temperature to remain below 45°C to prevent micro-coagulation at the rotor-stator interface; a cooling jacket with glycol at 10°C is necessary during summer shifts. A critical quality gate is the determination of the wet scrub resistance according to ISO 11998. Paints based on Celvolit 1476 achieve a film loss of <5 µm after 200 cycles in the non-woven abrasive pad test when the coated panel is cured for 28 d at 23°C/50% R.H. , corresponding to Class 1 performance even at the upper PVC boundary. Viscosity stability during storage is maintained by a hydroxyethylcellulose/Acrysol associative thickener combination; post-thickening exceeding +15 KU (Krebs Units) over a 6-month shelf life at 40°C signals contamination with multivalent cations traced to untreated wash water, necessitating a demineralised water specification with conductivity <50 µS/cm. The finished coatings are applied by airless spray at 150 bar onto gypsum plasterboard or concrete ceilings, yielding a dead-matt finish (gloss <2 GU at 85°) in residential living rooms, hospital wards, and kindergarten facilities where the mandatory TVOC emission rate stays below 0.5 mg/m³ as verified by the ISO 16000-6 method after 28 d.
Airlaid and carded nonwovens destined for flushable dispersible wipes require a trigger mechanism for wet disintegration while the binder film maintains structural integrity during storage in cationic surfactant-laden lotions. Celvolit 1476, applied by foam finishing at 7%–12% dry add-on on fibre weight, generates a discontinuous film network that withstands repeated insult from the finishing solution containing 0.5% alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride. The foam generator operates at a blow ratio of 1:8 to 1:12, depositing the binder onto a pre-bonded web on a single-drum dryer with temperature zones of 120°C, 135°C, and 150°C; residence time does not exceed 45 s to avoid embrittlement. The production line is configured with a tension control system that keeps web draw below 1.5% elongation between the dryer and the calender to prevent micro-tearing at the bond points. For applications requiring skin-contact certification, the bound fabric passes the OEKO-TEX® Standard 100 class I (baby articles) criteria, and the binder itself complies with FDA 21 CFR §176.170 (components of paper and paperboard in contact with aqueous and fatty foods) as well as the INDA/EDANA GD4 flushability assessment framework. The primary end-use products are bathroom flushable wet wipes (individually folded and stacked in cylindrical canister containers with a slot lid), cosmetic removal pads, and flushable liners for incontinence briefs. Published data for this specific configuration is limited regarding long-term sewer biofilm compatibility, but respirometry tests per ISO 14851 indicate 60% biodegradation in 28 d, meeting the biodegradability threshold of the GD4 tier-1 assessment.
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Celvolit 1476 is a surfactant-stabilized vinyl acetate‑ethylene copolymer emulsion with a non‑volatile content of 55 ± 1 % (ISO 3251), a pH of 4.0–5.0 (ISO 11409), and a Brookfield RVT viscosity measured at 20 °C, spindle 3, 20 rpm of 500–1500 mPa·s (ASTM D2196). The dispersion yields a flexible, semi‑transparent film with a glass transition temperature near 0 °C (ISO 11357‑2) and a minimum film‑formation temperature below 0 °C (ISO 2115). Its particle surface is designed to be APEO‑free, meeting the detergent regulation EC 648/2004 and enabling formulations compliant with food‑contact adhesive provisions under FDA 21 CFR 175.105 and 176.170. The colloid chemistry of the emulsion contributes to shear‑stability in high‑speed roller application heads while retaining water‑redispersibility during wet‑clean cycles on automated coating lines.
| Property | Value | Test method |
|---|---|---|
| Solids content | 54–56 % | ISO 3251 |
| pH | 4.0–5.0 | ISO 11409 |
| Brookfield viscosity | 500–1500 mPa·s | ASTM D2196 (spindle 3, 20 rpm, 20 °C) |
| Glass transition temperature (Tg) | ≈0 °C | ISO 11357‑2 (DSC, midpoint) |
| Minimum film‑formation temperature (MFFT) | <0 °C | ISO 2115 |
| Film elongation at break | >600 % | ISO 527‑3 (50 µm film, 23 °C) |
| Film tensile strength | 3–5 MPa | ISO 527‑3 |
| Water absorption (24 h, 23 °C) | 10–15 % | ISO 62 |
Production‑scale handling must account for the emulsion’s sensitivity to multivalent cations: the addition of 0.5 wt% aluminum chloride or acidic buffers recommended for crosslinking can reduce pot stability to approximately 4 h at 25 °C. The emulsion is incompatible with non‑ionic surfactants of hydrophilic‑lipophilic balance below 12, which can displace the protective colloid and trigger micro‑coagulum visible on 40 µm wet‑film drawdowns. Storage above 40 °C accelerates Ostwald ripening of the dispersed phase; containers should be kept sealed and protected from air circulation that elevates skin‑formation rate in partially emptied drums.
Interior wood‑bonding adhesives classified under EN 204 D3 must retain a shear strength of at least 2.0 N/mm² after 4‑day cold‑water immersion. Celvolit 1476 attains this threshold in formulated systems without external plasticizer thanks to the internal flexibilization provided by the ethylene comonomer. A typical D3 formulation consists of 70–80 parts emulsion, 5–10 parts polyvinyl alcohol (degree of hydrolysis 88–92 %), 10–15 parts calcium carbonate filler (d50 ≤ 5 µm), and a polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (pMDI) crosslinker added at 5–10 phr immediately before application. The MFFT below 0 °C allows complete film coalescence on substrates held at 12–15 °C in unheated workshops, a condition where polyvinyl acetate homopolymer emulsions with MFFT above 5 °C require the addition of volatile coalescents that lower the wet shear strength under EN 205 by approximately 15 %.
The water‑resistance mechanism differs fundamentally from plasticizer‑tolerant PVAc grades. Ethylene segments reduce the polarity of the backbone, slowing bulk water ingress measured by gravimetric uptake on 2 mm beech lap‑joints. Over 28‑day ambient cure, the carboxyl‑functionalized VAE latex surface reacts with the isocyanate hardener to generate interparticle urea and urethane linkages, raising gel content to 60–75 % (MEK extraction, 24 h Soxhlet). One well‑documented processing conflict is the competing reaction of isocyanate with residual water in the emulsion; moisture levels above 0.3 % in the filler component accelerate CO₂ generation, producing micro‑foam that reduces bondline density and can lower the 24‑h cold‑water shear result below 2.5 N/mm². On twin‑cartridge dispensing systems equipped with static mixers of 16–24 elements, the formulation exhibits a workable pot life of 45–60 min at 20 °C before Newtonian viscosity rises twofold, which aligns with the open‑time requirement of 10–15 min on European beech (Fagus sylvatica) at 50 % RH.
In contrast to D3 rated ethylene‑vinyl‑acetate (EVA) hot‑melts, which raise wet‑shear through crystalline polyethylene domains but require processing temperatures exceeding 160 °C, the aqueous Celvolit 1476 compound is applied at ambient temperature via roller, curtain coater, or extrusion‑fed slot die, eliminating thermal degradation risks in heat‑sensitive oak veneer assemblies and cutting energy consumption on a kilowatt‑hour per metric‑ton basis by an estimated 40 % relative to conventional EVA hot‑melt lines. The absence of migrating DOP or DINP plasticizer also eliminates the characteristic staining that appears on uncoated rift‑sawn white oak after accelerated ageing at 50 °C for 7 days (internal test mimicking ASTM D896).
In rotary laminating lines operating at line speeds exceeding 120 m/min, the ability of the wet adhesive film to retain sufficient tack after transfer from an anilox roll to a moving paper web is the dominant selection parameter. Celvolit 1476 is preferentially adopted over lower‑Tg VAE grades in these processes because its rheological profile suppresses ribbing instabilities on gravure rolls with laser‑engraved cells of 25–35 cm³/m² volume. Capillary breakup time, measured on a HAAKE CaBER 1 extensional rheometer, commonly exceeds 0.8 s at a Hencky strain of 2, allowing the adhesive to split cleanly at the nip without tailing onto the backing roll. The dispersion’s shear viscosity at 1000 s⁻¹ (ISO 3219, cone‑plate) of approximately 80–120 mPa·s keeps pressure drops across a 200 µm slot‑coating gap below 1.5 bar, a threshold above which pump cavitation in closed‑loop delivery circuits causes intermittent coat‑weight fluctuation of ±0.5 g/m² and consequent bond‑spotting visible under UV‑light after 24 h at 85 % RH.
Blocking resistance in the finished roll—a common failure mode when replacing a −15 °C Tg dispersion such as Celvolit 1498—is sufficient to maintain unwind tensions of 0.3–0.5 N/mm without fiber tear after 7‑day storage at 40 °C, 80 % RH in stacks of 12 plies separated by release paper. Wet‑tack values recorded with a 25 mm stainless‑steel probe (ASTM D2979 modified) at 23 °C, 50 % RH range from 1.8 N to 2.4 N and remain above 1.0 N for an open time of 20–30 seconds on 80 g/m² kraft liner, enabling the operator to reposition sheets on a manual lay‑up table without re‑activating the line.
Flexible polyvinyl chloride films used in furniture‑edge banding and window‑profile wrapping contain 15–40 % phthalate plasticizer that gradually diffuses into the adhesive interlayer and causes softening, loss of peel strength, and visible discoloration. Celvolit 1476 limits this failure mode through a polyethylene‑rich continuous phase that serves as a kinetic barrier to dioctyl phthalate absorption. When laminated to vinyl films with a Shore A hardness of 65–75 (ISO 868) and a dyne level of 38–42 mN/m after corona treatment, the emulsion delivers an initial 180° peel strength (ISO 11339) of 4–6 N/25 mm on medium‑density fibreboard (MDF) cores, with less than 15 % loss after 14‑day oven ageing at 70 °C—a condition that simulates the cumulative heat load during intercontinental container shipment. A comparative set of peel‑retention data demonstrates that a higher‑VA‑content EVA dispersion with a Tg of −10 °C can lose 30–50 % of its initial bond strength under the same protocol, primarily because the plasticizer‑swollen interface exhibits cohesive failure within the adhesive.
For UV‑shielded exterior applications, the emulsion can be compounded with 0.5–1.0 % of a hydroxyphenyl‑triazine UV absorber (Tinuvin 400‑type) and a hindered amine light stabilizer without destabilizing the latex; the pH must be monitored and kept above 3.8 to prevent the condensation of the triazine additive at the particle surface. When compared with an aliphatic polyester‑polyurethane dispersion (PUD) of similar dry‑film flexibility, the VAE route reduces raw‑material cost by roughly 30–40 % on a dry‑polymer basis, although the continuous service temperature for Celvolit 1476 films under sustained load is constrained to 60 °C before significant creep occurs under a 100 g/cm shear load (ASTM D2294). This temperature boundary defines its unsuitability for post‑forming applications that encounter hot‑press lamination above 80 °C, where crosslinked PUDs or reactive hot‑melts are substituted.
| Property | Celvolit 1476 | Celvolit 1498 | Celvolit 1460 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tg (DSC midpoint) | ≈0 °C | ≈−15 °C | ≈+17 °C |
| MFFT | <0 °C | <0 °C | ≈+5 °C |
| Solids content | 55 % | 55 % | 55 % |
| Film hardness (König, ISO 1522) | 20–25 s | 5–10 s | 40–50 s |
| Elongation at break (ISO 527‑3) | >600 % | >800 % | 300–400 % |
| Water absorption (24 h, ISO 62) | 10–15 % | 20–25 % | 8–12 % |
| Typical D3 wet shear (formulated) | 2.5–3.5 N/mm² | 1.8–2.2 N/mm² | 2.0–2.7 N/mm² |
| Block resistance (40 °C, 80 % RH) | Good | Poor without additive | Excellent |
| Preferred application window | General wood, paper, film | Non‑blocking label, high‑tack PSA | Heat‑resistant assembly, hot‑fill packaging |
Selection between these three grades on an industrial compounding floor frequently hinges on the blocking‑versus‑flexibility trade‑off. Celvolit 1498 extends open time and delivers aggressive tack on low‑energy surfaces, but must be blended with 2–5 % of a higher‑Tg dispersion or antiblock mineral to survive roll‑storage at tropical warehouse temperatures. Celvolit 1460 provides elevated heat resistance—wet shear retention after 1 h at 80 °C exceeds 70 %—yet the MFFT of +5 °C demands precisely controlled drying tunnel humidity profiles in winter months to avoid micro‑cracking of the nascent film. Celvolit 1476 occupies the mid‑point, eliminating coalescent demand without the blocking liability, and it is therefore the preferred starting point for compounders aiming to maintain a single inventory item that serves multiple end‑use classes with minimal post‑addition adjustment.
Regulatory documentation supplied with every commercial batch of Celvolit 1476 confirms inertness under FDA 21 CFR 175.105 (adhesives) and FDA 21 CFR 176.170 (components of paper and paperboard in contact with aqueous and fatty foods), subject to the intended‑use extraction limitations outlined in 21 CFR 176.170(c). The emulsion is also listed on the public inventory of the TSCA and meets the registration requirements of REACH (EC) 1907/2006; no substances of very high concern (SVHC) are present above 0.1 % w/w in the notified composition. In the event of prolonged hold‑up in heated recirculation loops, the dispersion’s electrical conductivity of approximately 1.2 mS/cm (ISO 788) indicates a low risk of electrochemical corrosion on 316L stainless steel surfaces, provided chloride content is kept below 50 ppm. Excessively long hold‑up at 35 °C in partially filled intermediate bulk containers, however, promotes the growth of skin layers that cannot be re‑dispersed by 200‑µm mesh bag filtration and will generate adhesive‑line speck defects visible to the naked eye at 0.5 m inspection distance.
