| HS Code | 908416 |
| Appearance | milky white liquid |
| Solid Content Percent | 50 ± 1 |
| Viscosity Mpa S | 3000 - 5000 |
| Ph Value | 4.5 - 6.5 |
| Density G Cm3 | 1.05 - 1.10 |
| Particle Size Um | 1 - 2 |
| Minimum Film Forming Temperature C | 5 - 10 |
| Glass Transition Temperature C | 15 - 20 |
| Residual Vinyl Acetate Monomer Percent | < 0.5 |
| Freeze Thaw Stability Cycles | > 5 |
| Film Appearance | transparent and flexible |
| Storage Stability Months | 6 - 12 |
As an accredited CW-601 PVAc Emulsion factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | CW-601 PVAc Emulsion is supplied in 50 kg polyethylene-lined drums, securely sealed to prevent leakage and contamination. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | CW-601 PVAc Emulsion shipped as 20′ FCL in sealed container, palletized drums/IBCs, securely fastened, with temperature protection and complete shipping documentation. |
| Shipping | CW-601 PVAc Emulsion is shipped as a non-hazardous aqueous polymer dispersion, typically in sealed drums or IBC totes. Protect from freezing, extreme heat, and physical damage. No dangerous goods classification required; however, containers should be upright, labeled clearly, and kept dry during transit. |
| Storage | Store CW-601 PVAc Emulsion in original, tightly sealed containers in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area. Maintain temperatures between 5–35°C; avoid freezing and direct sunlight. Keep away from heat sources, sparks, and incompatible materials. Ensure containers remain upright to prevent leakage. Use within shelf life, and rotate stock to prevent prolonged storage. |
| Shelf Life | Store in sealed containers at 5–35°C, protect from freezing. Shelf life is 12 months from date of manufacture. |
Cold-press D3 interior wood assembly lines running CW-601 typically dose the emulsion at 60–80 wt% of the liquid adhesive formulation, with the remaining phase consisting of plasticiser, defoamer, biocide, and a thickening polymer selected to maintain transfer stability. Compliance for this segment is assessed through EN 204:2016 durability classes and the tensile shear method in EN 205; D3 classification requires resistance to frequent short-term interior water exposure but excludes weather-bearing or continuously wet service. On beech substrates, formulations built around homopolymer PVAc emulsions of comparable solids and molecular weight generally produce dry tensile shear values above the D3 minimum, while wet tensile shear after the specified water immersion is more sensitive to addition level and coalescence quality. The downstream production process is a cold-press or high-frequency press operation using ribbed roller spreaders or curtain coaters to apply 120–200 g/m² wet adhesive to one face, followed by open assembly times of 3–8 min and closed press times of 15–45 min at 0.5–1.5 N/mm² surface pressure. Batch-to-batch variance on industrial spreaders is most commonly controlled by measuring Brookfield viscosity at 25 °C with a 4/20 spindle; deviations above 20% from the qualified value produce uneven transfer on engraved rollers and starved bondlines on rotary laminating stations. Terminal product types include edge-glued softwood panels, solid wood laminations for furniture frames, finger-jointed pine, and interior door stiles. The emulsion is not formulated for D4 exterior performance, and prolonged water contact above the D3 conditioning requirement leads to adhesive film swelling and bondline creep. The addition of urea-formaldehyde or amine-based hardeners should be avoided unless specifically validated, because pH elevation above 9 accelerates viscosity drift and sedimentation in unstabilised homopolymer emulsions.
In food-contact paper and paperboard lamination, CW-601 is incorporated as a wet-bond adhesive or as a blending resin with starch and polyvinyl alcohol at 1.5–4.5 g/m² dry coat weight, because higher depositions generate tunneling and curl after the drying tunnel. Regulatory compliance for this application is anchored to FDA 21 CFR 176.170 for components of paper and paperboard intended for aqueous and fatty foods, and FDA 21 CFR 176.180 for components intended for dry foods, with supplementary documentation under EU Regulation 1935/2004 and relevant German BfR recommendations where EU market clearance is required. The downstream process uses a rotogravure or reverse-roll coater running at 60–120 m/min to apply the diluted emulsion to clay-coated board, followed by a hot-air tunnel at 80–110 °C and calender nip consolidation at 20–50 N/mm². Viscosity at application is typically adjusted to 20–35 s on a DIN 4 cup, which permits uniform transfer on laser-engraved ceramic anilox rolls without misting. Terminal products include folded carton board, paper bag lamination, composite canisters, and printable paperboard for dry food packaging. Wet-fat food service requires a functional barrier or migration testing specific to the laminate structure. Published data for this specific configuration is limited for high-fat laminates without polyolefin barriers, so ovenable or greasy product contact should be validated according to migration test conditions defined in the applicable food-contact regulation rather than assumed from formulation composition alone.
Starch-based side-seam and sack-bottom adhesives are extended with CW-601 at 30–70 wt% of the total adhesive solids to reduce open time and improve fibre-tear green strength on high-speed folding lines. Compliance is verified through ASTM D1876-08 T-peel for flexible-to-rigid bonding and through FDA 21 CFR 175.105 for indirect food contact where the adhesive is maintained as a functional component of the package and not intended to contact food directly. The manufacturing operation employs a wheel applicator or extrusion gun with nip compression of 3–8 bar on the glue lap, with machine speeds from 100–250 m/min depending on carton caliper. The blend is prepared in a low-shear side-entry mixer; the addition sequence should place the PVAc phase after starch gelatinisation or after dextrin dissolution below 60 °C to avoid destabilising the dispersion. Terminal products include side-seam cartons, multi-wall paper sacks, spiral-wound tubes, and label stock. The PVAc phase raises wet tack but reduces heat-seal capability compared with pure starch systems, so final package specifications for hot-fill or retort conditions require substitution limits confirmed by peel testing. Publication data for this specific configuration is limited below 10% PVAc addition, where starch-dominated systems may show no measurable improvement in fibre-tear percentage.
Within high-PVC interior wall paint production, CW-601 is introduced as the main film-forming binder in contract-grade matt and primer formulations at 8–14 wt% of total batch weight, corresponding to 55–80% of the liquid binder phase depending on pigment volume concentration. The most critical specification for this segment is wet scrub resistance per ISO 11998:2006 and classification according to EN 13300:2002; the emulsion also supports low-VOC compliance under European Directive 2004/42/EC, which sets a maximum VOC content of 30 g/L for waterborne interior matt wall paints in Phase II. Manufacturing is carried out in a high-speed disperser with a Cowles blade tip speed of 8–15 m/s to disperse titanium dioxide and extenders into water with dispersants; the emulsion is added during letdown at a jacket temperature below 30 °C and mixed at low shear to avoid coagulum. The terminal product range includes interior wall paints, drywall primers, and contract-grade finishes; typical wet-film application is 100–150 µm by roller or airless spray, yielding dry film thickness of 20–35 µm after coalescence. Operational limits apply: this emulsion is not suitable for exterior exposure, continuous high-moisture environments, or scrub-resistant premium formulations where acrylic or styrene-acrylic binders provide higher wet abrasion numbers. Rheology modification with associative thickeners must be validated for pH 4–6, because alkaline cellulosic thickeners can raise pH above the stability range and produce visible microgel formation in the dried film.
Because saturation-bonded nonwovens require controlled add-on without excessive stiffness, CW-601 is formulated at 18–30 wt% dry binder add-on relative to fibre weight, with the emulsion diluted to 5–15% solids in the pad bath depending on web basis weight and target tensile stiffness. Compliance for textile contact applications is assessed under ISO 9073-3:1989 for tensile properties and ISO 9073-2:1995 for thickness and density, while skin-contact nonwovens are evaluated against OEKO-TEX Standard 100 limit values; the homopolymer PVAc binder contributes low formaldehyde and APEO-free profiles suitable for basic consumer wiping substrates. The downstream process uses a saturator with twin mangle rolls set to 20–40 N/mm linear pressure, followed by gas-fired or steam-heated dryer cans at 120–140 °C; line speed is controlled between 30–80 m/min to achieve complete film coalescence before winding. Terminal products include industrial wiping cloths, filtration support layers, table cover nonwovens, and interlining fabrics where wet strength is not a critical service requirement. In high-humidity exposure above RH 80%, the dried binder film loses stiffness and may develop blocking on winder rolls; hydrophobic or crosslinked binders should be selected where repeated laundering or sustained wet processing is required. Published data for this specific configuration is limited for spunlaid webs below 10 g/m², where misting and strike-through control require adjusted mangle pressure and bath solids.
In interior skim coat and repair mortar systems, CW-601 is dosed at 5–12% by mass of cement, adjusted by trial mixing to maintain a slump flow of 160–200 mm per EN 1015-3:1999. The polymer addition acts as a film former within the cement paste matrix, improving the adhesive bond to concrete and gypsum substrates measured by EN 1015-12:2016 and flexural strength measured by EN 12390-5:2019; these improvements are evaluated after 28 days of standard curing at 23 °C and 50% RH. The production process uses a low-speed forced-action mortar mixer; the emulsion is introduced with the tempering water after dry mixing cement, graded sand, and cellulose ether, with mixing continued for 2–4 min to avoid aeration. Application is by trowel at 1–5 mm thickness over primed concrete or plaster, with a second coat applied after initial set; terminal products include interior skim coats, patching compounds, and non-structural repair mortars. The emulsion must not be used in structural concrete or external load-bearing layers because the PVAc polymer phase can re-emulsify under prolonged moisture and does not provide the alkali resistance of styrene-acrylate or EVA powders. In mix designs above 12% polymer-to-cement, open time increases but early compressive strength drops; if the site temperature falls below 5 °C, film formation ceases and the system should be heated to at least 10 °C before application.
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CW-601 PVAc Emulsion is an aqueous dispersion of polyvinyl acetate homopolymer, stabilized with polyvinyl alcohol, and supplied as a white opaque liquid for adhesion to cellulosic substrates. The product is intended for paper-to-paper lamination, carton side-seam gluing, tube winding, and general wood assembly. Because polyvinyl acetate homopolymers form rigid films after water evaporation, CW-601 is classified as a hard, non-elastomeric adhesive; film formation occurs when the wet dispersion is applied below the upper limit of the wet-film thickness and dried above the minimum film formation temperature. Published independent performance data for the specific CW-601 designation are limited; therefore, class-level data for plasticizer-free, PVOH-stabilized PVAc homopolymer emulsions are used below and must be confirmed against the manufacturer’s certificate of analysis and safety data sheet before production release. Polyvinyl acetate homopolymer CAS 9003-20-7 is the principal film-forming polymer.
In continuous circulation systems, the low-shear Brookfield viscosity of this product class is typically controlled between 3000 mPa·s and 6000 mPa·s at 20 °C when measured with a Brookfield RVT viscometer, spindle 3, at 20 rpm in accordance with ISO 2555:2018. The reported viscosity is not a single-point Newtonian value; under the shear rates generated between a doctor blade and an engraved transfer roller, which can exceed 104 s−1, the dispersion undergoes shear thinning and can fall below 1000 mPa·s. This flow behaviour supports clean metering and adequate wet-out on clay-coated board, but it also means that excessive recirculation through small clearances or centrifugal pumps can introduce mechanical energy, raise the adhesive temperature above 35 °C, and destabilize the polyvinyl alcohol protective colloid. pH is equally critical; the acidic window between 3.0 and 5.0, per ISO 976:2013, prevents polymer hydrolysis and maintains the solubility of the protective colloid. The addition of alkaline wash water, ammonia, or borate-containing additives shifts pH above 6.0 and can produce gel bodies, grit, and irreversible filter blockage. Production-scale lines should use positive-displacement pumps rather than high-shear centrifugal pumps, 100 µm to 200 µm in-line filters, and stainless steel 316 or polypropylene wetted parts because the acidic dispersion can corrode carbon steel over extended contact.
Table 1 lists the typical property envelope used for CW-601-class homopolymer PVAc emulsions. The values are representative of commercial plasticizer-free PVOH-stabilized grades and must not be used as a substitute for lot-specific quality certificates.
| Parameter | Test method | Typical envelope | Production relevance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Appearance | Visual | White opaque liquid | Check for grit, skin, or phase separation before transfer |
| Non-volatile content | ISO 3251:2019 | 47–55 % | Controls dry film weight and drying demand |
| pH | ISO 976:2013 | 3.0–5.0 | Maintains PVOH stabilizer solubility; avoid alkaline contamination |
| Brookfield viscosity | ISO 2555:2018 | 3000–6000 mPa·s | RVT, spindle 3, 20 rpm, 20 °C |
| Minimum film formation temperature | ISO 2115:1996 | 5–18 °C | Cold surfaces below MFFT produce discontinuous films |
| Density | ISO 2811-1:2016 | 1.05–1.10 g/cm3 | Used for weight-to-volume dosing calibration |
| Residual vinyl acetate | ISO 13741-1:1998 | ≤0.1 % | Reduces odour and monomer-related exposure |
For wood-to-wood assembly on beech or oak strips conditioned at 23 °C and 50 % relative humidity, similar plasticizer-free homopolymer emulsions typically produce dry shear strengths above 10 MPa when tested in accordance with ISO 6238:2018 after 7 days of curing. The same class usually achieves a durability classification of D2 under EN 204:2016, indicating suitability for interior use with frequent short-term exposure to running water but not prolonged exposure; D3 or D4 service requires reactive crosslinking modification with a suitable hardener. Open assembly time is governed by solids content, substrate absorption, and ambient humidity. On 500 g/m² beech surfaces at 23 °C and 50 % relative humidity, open times of 5 minutes to 8 minutes have been reported for comparable grades. Below 30 % relative humidity, the open time shortens and the applied film can skin over before adequate substrate wetting; at relative humidity above 60 %, drying tunnels with forced air at 35 °C to 50 °C are normally required to prevent moisture entrapment and reduce blocking.
Spiral tube winding lines require high wet tack immediately after the two-roll metering nip because the paper plies are wound under tension. On unbleached kraft or recycled paperboard, CW-601 is applied at a wet film weight of 20 g/m² to 40 g/m² at line speeds between 30 m/min and 120 m/min. The shear-thinning behaviour permits transfer from the nip without excessive stringing; however, if the adhesive film remains too low in viscosity after nip exit, the ply can slip and create interply voids. For this reason, grades with higher protective-colloid content or higher solids content are often preferred in tube winding. The solids content of CW-601 should be checked at the point of recirculation because water evaporation from open troughs can raise the solids content by 1 % to 3 % during an 8-hour shift, shifting viscosity and altering coating weight. Refractive-index or microwave solids analysers are used at the coater reservoir to maintain solids within ±1 % of the release specification.
At line speeds above 80 m/min, the adhesive is applied at a wet film weight of 15 g/m² to 25 g/m² through wheel or slot applicators set to a 0.3 mm to 0.5 mm gap. Without a coalescing solvent, film integrity depends on the minimum film formation temperature of the dispersion. For a plasticizer-free homopolymer, MFFT is commonly 5 °C to 18 °C when measured by ISO 2115:1996; application on cold board below 5 °C may produce white, discontinuous films and low seal strength. Compression time must be matched to wet tack development; on clay-coated carton board at 23 °C, acceptable fibre-tearing bonds are generally observed after 5 s to 15 s of compression for similar grades. Creep resistance after bond formation is improved relative to plasticized PVAc because no external dibutyl phthalate, triacetin, or benzoate plasticizer is present. This absence of plasticizer also eliminates plasticizer migration into printed surfaces and reduces blocking in stacked cartons. However, the film is more brittle at low temperatures than a vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer dispersion and should not be used where repeated flexing below 0 °C is expected.
The application window is bracketed by three measurable parameters: solids content, MFFT, and water resistance classification. Solids content determines the wet film weight required to leave a given dry adhesive film; at 50 % solids, a wet film of 20 g/m² leaves approximately 10 g/m² dry adhesive, assuming no penetration. Higher solids content reduces drying demand but increases the risk of viscosity rise in transfer lines. MFFT determines the lowest board or ambient temperature at which coalescence is complete. Water resistance classification is not improved by film thickness alone. A thick film of unmodified homopolymer PVAc still exhibits thermoplastic behaviour and moisture sensitivity; immersion tests for D3 or D4 service require crosslinker addition and validation. Table 2 compares the CW-601 class with two common alternative adhesive emulsions.
| Property or behaviour | CW-601-class homopolymer PVAc | Vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer | Acrylic emulsion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Minimum film formation temperature | 5–18 °C | Commonly 0–5 °C | 0–20 °C depending on formulation |
| Water resistance | D2 achievable; D3 requires crosslinker | D3 possible with formulation | Not classified under EN 204:2016 |
| Film flexibility at low temperature | Limited below 0 °C | Better due to ethylene comonomer | Formulation-dependent |
| Plasticizer migration | Absent if unplasticized | Typically absent | Typically absent |
| Adhesion to low-energy films | Limited without surface treatment | Moderate | Generally better |
Because the dispersion is stabilized by polyvinyl alcohol, the addition of borax or polyvalent salts causes controlled precipitation and must be avoided in cleaning lines and formulation. Do not use cationic additives without compatibility testing. The product should be stored at temperatures between 5 °C and 30 °C; freeze-thaw cycling below 0 °C can cause irreversible particle aggregation. Equipment cleaning with hot water is recommended before the adhesive dries; dried film is difficult to remove with water alone and may require solvent-based cleaners. For indirect food contact packaging applications, compliance with 21 CFR 175.105 or Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 must be confirmed with the supplier for the specific batch and substrate. REACH registration for polyvinyl acetate homopolymer CAS 9003-20-7 should be documented in the extended safety data sheet; the manufacturer should confirm the polymer status as a non-monomeric substance.
