| HS Code | 254129 |
| Product Name | CW-603 PVAc Emulsion |
| Appearance | white milky liquid |
| Solid Content | 50±1% |
| Viscosity | 8000-12000 mPa·s (Brookfield, 25°C) |
| Ph | 4.5-6.0 |
| Density | 1.05-1.10 g/cm³ |
| Average Particle Size | 0.5-1.0 μm |
| Glass Transition Temperature | ~28°C |
| Minimum Film Forming Temperature | ~15°C |
| Freeze Thaw Stability | stable up to 5 cycles |
| Film Property | transparent, flexible film |
| Bond Strength | ≥7.0 N/mm² (wood-to-wood) |
| Water Resistance | good (D1/D2 class) |
| Voc Content | low (<5 g/L) |
As an accredited CW-603 PVAc Emulsion factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | CW-603 PVAc Emulsion is packed in 50 kg plastic drums with secure, leak-proof lids and clear hazard labeling. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | CW-603 PVAc Emulsion packed in drums/IBCs, loaded into a 20′ FCL container, secured, ventilated, and kept stable. |
| Shipping | CW-603 PVAc Emulsion ships as a non-hazardous water-based product. Protect from freezing and excessive heat; store sealed to prevent skinning. Use standard covered transport with secure, upright containers. Avoid prolonged high temperatures during transit. Ensure containers are clearly labeled and handled to prevent spills. |
| Storage | Store CW-603 PVAc Emulsion in original, tightly sealed containers in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight and heat sources. Maintain temperatures between 5°C and 35°C; do not allow to freeze. Keep containers upright to prevent leakage. Use within recommended shelf life, stirring gently before use. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life: 12 months from manufacture when stored sealed at 5–35°C, protected from freezing and direct sunlight. |
In interior woodworking operations, CW-603 PVAc Emulsion functions as a non-structural cold-press adhesive for face-laminated panels, edge-glued solid wood blanks, and finger-jointed softwood core stock. The emulsion is applied through a rubber-covered open roll coater at 120–180 g/m² for softwood and 150–220 g/m² for low-porosity tropical hardwoods; metering gap settings of 0.08–0.15 mm on a single-side glue spreader prevent foam entrainment while maintaining continuous film coverage. The spread panel is transferred to a hydraulic cold press with platen pressure 0.7–1.2 MPa for softwood and 1.0–1.5 MPa for dense hardwoods. Press time depends on board temperature and moisture; at 20 °C and 60% RH, typical press times are 25–45 min for softwood, but production trials should establish the lower bound because springback after press release remains a common source of open joints when press time is shortened below the formulation-specific water-evolution point. Wood moisture content should be 8–12%; above 15%, the water in the substrate acts as a barrier layer and delays film coalescence. The cured bond line is evaluated according to EN 204:2016, class D2 or D3 depending on service moisture, and shear strength is commonly measured with ASTM D905-08 using conditioned hard maple blocks. D4 exterior service is outside the operational boundary of this chemistry, as is continuous water immersion. The mildly acidic pH of the emulsion, typically in the 4.0–5.5 band by ISO 976, necessitates 316L stainless steel or HDPE wet-contact surfaces; carbon steel storage tanks and transfer lines will develop iron-induced discoloration over multiple filling cycles. In winter production, the board surface temperature must be above the emulsion minimum film-forming temperature determined by ISO 2115; if not, a white, non-coalesced adhesive line appears at the bond interface and dry shear can drop below the expected range. Addition of plasticizer or solvent is not standard; dilution with water beyond 5–10% can create dry-out under the spreader and should be avoided unless the supplier’s batch-specific viscosity warrants it.
| Standard/Code | Scope | Downstream condition addressed |
|---|---|---|
| EN 204:2016 | Classification of non-structural adhesives for wood | D1, D2, D3 service classes |
| ASTM D905-08 | Shear strength of adhesive bonds by compressive loading | Conditioned hard maple specimen |
| ASTM D5751-99 | Non-structural wood adhesives for dry service | Interior millwork qualification |
| ISO 2115 | Determination of minimum film-forming temperature | Cold-weather lamination check |
| ISO 976 | Determination of pH | Wet-contact corrosion control |
PE-laminated folding carton board is a low-absorbency stock; when CW-603 PVAc Emulsion is metered onto side-seam skives, the water phase cannot migrate into the substrate quickly, and excess coat weight transfers as set-off onto adjacent blanks. Rotary carton side-seam lines running above 120 m/min therefore use knurled or engraved applicator rolls with minimum wet laydowns of 35–50 g/m² on PE-laminated board and 60–90 g/m² on clay-coated cartons; the lower range is limited by the need to maintain continuous adhesive film, while the upper range is limited by compression-belt set-off and machine contamination. The emulsion should be transferred through a positive-pressure weir to avoid viscosity drift in the pan; Brookfield viscosity is measured under ISO 2555 at 25 °C, with spindle 5/20 rpm, and the batch should fall within the supplier’s drawn range. At speeds beyond 140 m/min, air entrainment is controlled by adding a polyether-siloxane defoamer at 0.05–0.15 wt%; silicone-free defoamers are preferred where subsequent printing or lacquering requires uninterrupted wetting. T-peel adhesion of the formed laminate is verified under ASTM D1876-08, while paper tensile is checked under TAPPI T 494. Indirect food-contact suitability is assessed under 21 CFR 175.105 and Regulation (EC) No 1935/2004 Article 3, but the converter must confirm that residual vinyl acetate monomer and any additives meet the applicable migration limit for the specific pack composition. In spiral wound paper tube production, the same emulsion is applied by smooth steel rolls or felt-wick applicators at 80–120 g/m² on porous kraft, where water loss into the web is faster and open time is less than 3 s; here, foaming is controlled by defoamer selection and the adhesive bath is recirculated through a screen mesh filter to remove fiber debris.
In perfect binding, CW-603 PVAc Emulsion is applied at 0.30–0.50 mm wet film to a spine that has been milled to expose fiber at 0.8–1.2 mm depth, followed by nipping at 0.3–0.5 MPa. This chemistry is not suitable for layflat or high-humidity book-block use, and it is limited to softcover volumes with thin to medium bulk where spine flex does not exceed the cohesive strength of the PVAc film.
CW-603 can be used in dry-laid nonwoven webs where the finished fabric requires stiff hand and low extensibility, such as collar band interlinings and disposable wipes that are not subjected to repeated wet stress. The emulsion is diluted to a binder bath concentration of 10–25% solids and applied by a two-roll padding mangle at nip pressure 0.8–1.5 bar; binder add-on is controlled by bath solids, roll hardness, and line speed rather than by film thickness alone. The saturated web is dried through a forced-air oven or steam can section at 120–150 °C for 60–180 s, with lower temperatures failing to remove all water and higher temperatures risking skinning of the binder at the web surface. Dry tensile strength is tested under ISO 9073-3, and thickness under ISO 9073-2. Wet tensile after immersion in water is the primary limitation: non-crosslinked PVAc homopolymer binders retain only a fraction of dry tensile, so damp use requires a post-added crosslinker under strictly controlled pH. Glyoxal is commonly used; addition levels above 2.0 wt% on binder solids can reduce elongation and cause web brittleness, so trial runs at 0.5–2.0 wt% are standard for balancing wet strength and flexural stiffness. The acidic pH of the emulsion and the crosslinker bath should be monitored with ISO 976, because pH drift during line stops influences pot life and binder pickup. Where the fabric carries a printed pattern or a topcoat, the PVAc binder film should be allowed to coalesce fully before an additional aqueous topcoat is applied; otherwise interfacial redispersion causes binder migration into the print layer.
On gypsum board and porous cementitious backer, CW-603 PVAc Emulsion can be roller- or trowel-applied at 150–250 g/m² for bonding acoustic ceiling tiles, laminate-facing sheets, and lightweight wall panels. The assembled unit is intended for dry interior service only; shear strength is measured under ASTM D4501, but exterior wall assembly qualification is outside the scope of this chemistry. High suction substrates may require light water misting to prevent skinning and loss of bond before panel placement.
Tipping paper adhesion on high-speed cigarette assembly requires fast tack development at contact intervals typical of 8,000 rods/min or higher; the adhesive film is applied to the tipping paper or filter wrap through a segmented wheel or roller system, then immediately contacted with the cigarette rod and wrap. CW-603 PVAc Emulsion used in this downstream must resist shear-induced viscosity loss in transfer pans and avoid build-up on finger rolls and guide shoes. Air permeability of the tipping paper is measured by ISO 2965:2019; low-permeability or hot-foil-treated tipping paper slows water escape and requires a lower coat weight or modified re-wetting to prevent strike-through. In-line evaluation focuses on open seam defects, adhesive transfer to lap drums, and dusting; machinability is typically balanced against quick tack through controlled viscosity in the 2,000–4,000 mPa·s range under ISO 2555 at 25 °C. Cleanability of hardened adhesive from cutting heads and folding rails is critical after line stops, because PVAc forms water-redispersible films before full coalescence but becomes increasingly insoluble once fully dried. Residual monomer content and additive selection are controlled under the applicable tobacco-product and chemical inventory regulations in the production jurisdiction; published data for this specific configuration is limited to supplier-specific machine trials rather than general-purpose PVAc literature. The high-speed requirement excludes formulations with excessive stringing or with coarse grit, because both cause tail-closure defects and machine blockages.
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CW-603 PVAc emulsion is a polyvinyl alcohol-stabilized polyvinyl acetate homopolymer dispersion supplied as a ready-to-use waterborne adhesive for porous wood assembly. Manufacturer release ranges include non-volatile content of 48–52% by mass, pH 3.5–5.5, and Brookfield RVT viscosity of 8,000–14,000 mPa·s at 25°C, spindle 6, 20 rpm. The product is specified at 5°C minimum film-formation temperature and 1.05–1.09 g/cm³ density at 20°C. It is used in edge-gluing, block lamination, veneer bonding, and assembly of medium-density fibreboard, particleboard, and solid timber where service conditions remain interior and dry. Unlike low-viscosity paper-laminating PVAc emulsions, CW-603 provides higher wet tack and longer open time at equivalent solids because its PVOH protective colloid content and molecular mass are adjusted to produce pseudoplastic flow and a pronounced yield stress in roller-coater troughs. Because product-specific published data for every application configuration is limited, the ranges above reflect manufacturer batch-release limits for this controlled-viscosity series.
The following release limits are used for incoming and outgoing quality control on production batches.
| Property | Release range or limit | Test method / instrument |
|---|---|---|
| Non-volatile content | 48–52% | ISO 3251:2019, 1 g sample, 105°C, 3 h |
| pH | 3.5–5.5 | ISO 976:2013 at 25°C |
| Apparent viscosity | 8,000–14,000 mPa·s | ISO 2555:2018, Brookfield RVT spindle 6, 20 rpm, 25°C |
| Density | 1.05–1.09 g/cm³ | ISO 2811-1:2016 at 20°C |
| Minimum film-formation temperature | ≤5°C | ISO 2115:2000 |
| Residual vinyl acetate monomer | ≤500 mg/kg | ISO 13741-1:1998 gas chromatography |
These limits are batch-release values rather than final formulation properties. Closed containers maintain viscosity within ±500 mPa·s after 30 days at 20°C; open-tote evaporation can raise non-volatile content to 54% at the surface, producing viscosity stratification. Daily recirculation with low-shear diaphragm pumps is used on production lines to avoid this.
Application on production cold presses is controlled by single-face spread rate of 120–180 g/m², applied with hard-rubber roller or through polyurethane doctor blade. Open assembly time is 3–8 minutes at 20–25°C and 40–60% RH. Closed assembly time before pressing should not exceed 5 minutes on absorbent particleboard because rapid water loss produces starved bondlines. Press pressure is maintained at 0.7–1.2 N/mm² for softwood edge-gluing and 0.3–0.5 N/mm² for veneer laminating. Higher pressure above 1.5 N/mm² on low-density fibreboard can cause adhesive squeeze-out and fibre crushing. At ambient temperature, handling strength is reached after 30–60 minutes; full cure requires 24 hours at 20°C. The lower critical processing threshold is 10°C; below that film coalescence is incomplete and white, powdery glue lines are observed on birch and beech. At stock temperature below 10°C, viscosity can rise by factor 2–3, causing starved roller application and visible drying lines.
Process circulations should use low-shear diaphragm pumps rather than gear pumps. Continuous high-shear pumping in ring-main systems can generate mechanical heat, raising the emulsion temperature above 35°C, which accelerates PVOH hydrolysis and increases filtrate turbidity. Production lines with closed-loop adhesive supply report viscosity drift below ±500 mPa·s over an 8-hour shift when temperature is maintained at 20–25°C and air entrainment is prevented. Air entrainment creates microbubbles that can be crushed in roll nips, causing pinhole starved bonds on edge-glued stock.
Substrate moisture content outside 8–12% produces two distinct failure modes. Below 8% moisture, wood absorbs water from the glue line so rapidly that open time is shortened and dry-out occurs before transfer. Above 12% moisture, water cannot leave the bondline efficiently, and press time at 20°C extends beyond 24 hours; the resulting bond shows weak fibre pull and a high incidence of adhesive foaming in roller trays. Production lines with moisture meters calibrated to EN 13183-2:2002 route stock outside this range to conditioning chambers before adhesive application.
CW-603 is a non-reactive thermoplastic PVAc. It does not contain formaldehyde-condensation crosslinkers or added aluminium chloride hardeners. Bond lines are classified as EN 204 D2 for interior dry conditions. When tested according to EN 205 on beech at 150 g/m² single-face spread, dry tensile shear strength is typically 10.5–13.0 N/mm². After 4 days immersion in cold water at 20°C, strength retention is below the D3 threshold; the product therefore does not claim EN 204 D3 durability. This is the principal difference from D3 crosslinking PVAc emulsions, which rely on metal-salt or blocked-isocyanate co-reactants to build water-resistant networks. Unlike D3 products, CW-603 has no pot-life limitation after addition of hardener because no separate hardener is required.
| Parameter | CW-603 | General-purpose PVAc | D3 crosslinking PVAc |
|---|---|---|---|
| Water resistance classification | EN 204 D2 | EN 204 D1–D2 | EN 204 D3 |
| Non-volatile content | 48–52% | 40–50% | 45–55% |
| Apparent viscosity at 25°C | 8,000–14,000 mPa·s | 3,000–8,000 mPa·s | 8,000–20,000 mPa·s |
| Open time at 20°C | 3–8 min | 2–5 min | 3–10 min |
| Crosslinking chemistry | none | none | aluminium chloride or blocked isocyanate |
| Characteristic failure mode | thermoplastic creep above 50°C | low wet tack and fibre tear on hardwoods | short mixed pot life 8–24 h |
Addition of triacetin or dibutyl phthalate at 5–10 parts per hundred resin lowers minimum film-formation temperature to below 0°C but reduces dry tensile shear strength by 15–25%. Plasticizer migration to wood surfaces can occur within 6 months at 40°C, producing visible staining on oak and maple. Calcium carbonate fillers above 10 wt% cause a sharp drop in cohesive strength; at 20 wt% filler, dry tensile shear strength falls below 6 N/mm². This limits gap-filling applications to 0.2 mm dried film thickness unless a coarser filler with lower oil absorption is used. The emulsion accepts anionic wetting agents and defoamers, but nonionic surfactant additions above 1.0 wt% on total emulsion weight reduce surface tack and lengthen open time. Any filler or additive should be pre-mixed into water before addition; direct high-shear powder addition can create gel particles that appear as hard lumps in roller-coater troughs.
Storage of CW-603 requires frost-free conditions between 5°C and 30°C in closed opaque or stainless-steel vessels. Freeze-thaw cycling is destructive because the PVAc particles coagulate irreversibly, producing grit that cannot be redispersed by high-shear mixing. The product should not be combined with cationic additives, borax, or polyvalent salts above 0.1 wt%, as these cause PVOH-protective colloid complexation and immediate viscosity breaks. Strong bases above pH 7.5 accelerate ester hydrolysis; mineral acids below pH 2.5 can precipitate the protective colloid. When preservative demand is high in repeatedly opened totes, addition of methylisothiazolinone-based biocide is permitted below 100 ppm active content, but pre-validation on a 1 kg batch is required because partition coefficients between emulsion particles and water phase alter efficacy. The material has a nominal closed-container shelf life of 12 months at 20°C; after prolonged storage, the surface skin and any settled coarse solids should be screened through a 250 µm mesh before use.
Unlike solvent-borne polychloroprene contact adhesives, CW-603 does not require explosion-proof mixing equipment and is applied without a period of solvent flash-off. The penalty is that immediate handling strength is lower than a spray-applied contact adhesive; stack handling before 30 minutes can produce creep and delamination under springback from warped lumber. EVA hot-melt adhesives develop bond strength within 5–15 seconds and remain preferable for high-speed profile wrapping, whereas CW-603 is not suitable for nonporous films or metal foils because water cannot escape through the substrate. In comparison with D3 PVAc adhesives, the absence of a crosslinking step gives CW-603 indefinite pot life but excludes applications requiring resistance to repeated wetting or exterior exposure.
