| HS Code | 403484 |
| Material | Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) Copolymer |
| Vinyl Acetate Content | 15% |
| Melt Flow Rate | 2.5 g/10 min (190°C/2.16 kg) |
| Density | 0.940 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 93°C (DSC) |
| Vicat Softening Point | 68°C |
| Tensile Strength At Break | 15.2 MPa |
| Elongation At Break | 750% |
| Hardness Shore D | 45 |
| Flexural Modulus | 40 MPa |
| Brittleness Temperature | -100°C |
As an accredited ELVAX 3150 Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | ELVAX 3150 ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer supplied as pellets in 25 kg multi-wall paper bags. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL container loading of ELVAX 3150 EVA copolymer, packaged in palletized bags, ensuring safe, dry transport. |
| Shipping | ELVAX 3150 is supplied as solid pellets in moisture-resistant bags or bulk containers. It is non-hazardous, but avoid excessive heat and humidity during transit. Ship in clean, dry standard containers, protecting from punctures. Ensure proper labeling and documentation for polymer resin transport, following standard commercial shipping practices and safety data sheet guidelines. |
| Storage | Store ELVAX 3150 in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight, heat, and ignition sources. Keep containers tightly sealed to prevent moisture absorption and contamination. Avoid stacking conditions that cause deformation. Recommended storage temperature is below 30°C. With proper handling, shelf life is typically two years from date of manufacture. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is two years from shipment if stored unopened in original containers in a dry, ambient-temperature environment. |
Hot-melt packaging and converting adhesive lines running at line speeds above 40,000 cartons per hour use ELVAX 3150 as the compatible linking resin between high-molecular-weight tackifiers and microcrystalline waxes; nominal vinyl acetate content of 15 wt% and melt mass-flow rate of 2.5 dg/min at 190 °C/2.16 kg (ISO 1133-1:2022, ASTM D1238) allow formulation viscosity to be adjusted without sacrificing hot-tack. On production-scale Sigma-blade mixers with 500 L to 1,000 L working volume, the resin is introduced after the wax and tackifier have reached 120 °C; this sequence prevents unmelted EVA granules from creating high-torque peaks on the agitator. Continuous twin-screw compounding lines with L/D 44:1 and gravimetric loss-in-weight feeders maintain residence times below 4 min because deacetylation of the vinyl acetate comonomer accelerates above 200 °C, releasing acetic acid and shifting melt viscosity downward. Formulation addition ratios in packaging adhesives are balanced to 100 wt% with ELVAX 3150 at 18–35 wt%, tackifier resins at 30–50 wt%, paraffin or microcrystalline wax at 10–30 wt%, and antioxidant blends at 0.2–1.0 wt%; the wax and tackifier portions are trimmed against each other to maintain final viscosity. The adhesive is applied through slot-die or spiral-spray heads at 160–180 °C, and open time is controlled by wax melting point and tackifier cloud point rather than by EVA content alone. Hot-melt gear pumps require a minimum melt viscosity to avoid cavitation; on continuous coaters, the reservoir is maintained at 150 °C and recirculated at 2–4 bar to prevent output surging. Terminal product types include corrugated case sealing, carton sealing for frozen food packaging, bookbinding back glue, and paperboard tray assembly. For food-packaging end uses, the finished adhesive must conform to 21 CFR 175.105 where the adhesive is used as an incidental food-contact adhesive; if the adhesive is behind a functional barrier, the barrier compliance governs, not the adhesive layer alone. The raw resin is subject to REACH registration and RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU for electronic packaging accessories. A processing limitation is moisture in wax: residual water above 0.05 wt% in wax feedstock causes foaming in the melt tank and uneven coating weight on high-speed applicators.
When paraffin and microcrystalline wax coatings are flexed at low temperature, brittle fracture occurs unless a polymeric modifier such as ELVAX 3150 is present at 2–10 wt%. Fully refined paraffin is heated to 95–110 °C in jacketed vessels with close-clearance agitators; EVA pellets are added under low-rpm mixing and then passed through a high-shear rotor-stator mixer at 1,200–1,500 rpm for 10–15 min to remove gel particles and prevent skin formation on the vessel wall. The addition ratio is bounded by solubility and rheology: above 10 wt% EVA, the melt develops thixotropy and may produce brush marks in hot-melt coating applications; below 2 wt%, the improvement in low-temperature flex resistance is not measurable in production control tests. Published data for exact viscosity curves at these addition levels in fully refined paraffin is limited, so production viscosity is verified by spindle viscometer at 100 °C rather than by extrapolation. Downstream processes include curtain coating and roller coating onto corrugated board, paperboard, and metal surfaces at 100–120 °C; for emulsions, the molten blend is dispersed with emulsifiers in water at 80–90 °C using a high-pressure homogenizer. Terminal products include container candles, corrugated board water-resistant coatings, industrial wax emulsions for temporary corrosion protection, and paper sizing additives. For food-contact paper and paperboard, the finished coating must meet 21 CFR 176.170 for aqueous and fatty foods, and EU materials must comply with Regulation (EC) 1935/2004 and any applicable national measure; the EVA raw resin is subject to REACH registration and is not tested as a food-contact article by the resin supplier alone. A moisture boundary applies to wax feedstocks: water content above 0.03 wt% causes foaming and pinholes in curtain-coated board, so wax storage tanks are blanketed with dry nitrogen at facilities running moisture-sensitive grades.
At bitumen terminals equipped with high-shear rotor-stator mixers, ELVAX 3150 is pre-blended with base bitumen at 170–180 °C; addition ratios of 2–6 wt% by bitumen mass are typical for road pavement and waterproofing membrane binders. The mixing sequence determines storage stability: addition of pelletized EVA to bitumen below 160 °C produces swollen but undispersed polymer domains, which settle in vertical storage tanks within 24–72 h; heating to 170 °C before applying shear at 3,000–5,000 rpm for 60–90 min is required to obtain a continuous polymer-rich phase. Process conflicts arise when the base bitumen has a high asphaltene content: asphaltenes compete with vinyl acetate segments for maltene solvation, and the resulting binder can exhibit viscosity reversal after storage at 150–160 °C. Production lines avoid tank recirculation through low-shear centrifugal pumps after the polymer network has formed; recirculation can disrupt the swollen network and reduce elastic recovery. Downstream production includes hot-mix asphalt plants where the PMB binder is metered into aggregate at 160–180 °C, and waterproofing membrane lines where the modified bitumen is coated onto polyester or fiberglass carriers. Terminal products include highway surface-course binder, bridge deck waterproofing, airport apron mastic asphalt, and torch-on roofing membranes. Regulatory compliance is anchored to EN 14023 for PMB binders in European road construction, ASTM D5976 for Type I polymer-modified asphalt cement in US paving specifications, with laboratory control points measured by EN 1426, EN 1427, and EN 13398 where applicable. Published data for the specific asphaltene interaction of ELVAX 3150 in high-stability storage tanks is limited, so terminal trials commonly verify storage stability via 72 h vertical tube tests rather than relying on predictive solubility parameters alone.
| Standard designation | Property / purpose | Production control application |
|---|---|---|
| EN 14023 | Polymer modified bitumen framework specification | Binder grade selection for road or membrane use |
| EN 1427 | Ring-and-ball softening point | Verifies high-temperature rutting resistance after polymer dispersion |
| EN 1426 | Needle penetration at 25 °C | Controls low-temperature consistency and resistance to cracking |
| EN 13398 | Elastic recovery of modified bitumen | Confirms polymer network continuity after storage |
| ASTM D5976 | Type I polymer modified asphalt cement specification | US paving project binder acceptance testing |
For polyolefin color concentrates requiring a mid-polar carrier resin, ELVAX 3150 is selected because the 15 wt% vinyl acetate comonomer improves wetting of organic pigments and polar flame-retardant additives without the high melt viscosity of higher-VA grades. Dosage of ELVAX 3150 in a masterbatch formulation is typically 10–25 wt%, with pigment or additive loadings of 20–50 wt% and the balance a low-melt-viscosity polyolefin carrier; the exact split is adjusted to match the viscosity of the target let-down resin. Published data for exact pigment wetting improvement at this vinyl acetate content is limited; therefore, pigment-specific wetting trials on the target grade are required before scaling. Production is performed on co-rotating twin-screw extruders with L/D 40:1 to 52:1, using side-feeding at 150–180 °C to protect heat-sensitive pigments and an underwater pelletizer; melt temperature at the die is held below 190 °C to prevent acetic acid release from the EVA phase. A production bottleneck on lines with vacuum degassing is foaming in the vent port if residual moisture in pigment masterbatch exceeds 0.1 wt%; inline moisture monitoring of feedstock is required. Compliance under REACH and RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU is maintained for electrical/electronic applications; color concentrates intended for food-contact packaging require migration testing under Regulation (EU) 10/2011 for the final article, not for the masterbatch alone. Terminal product types include color masterbatch for blown film, additive concentrates for polypropylene injection moulding, and flame-retardant concentrates for polyolefin cable ducts.
In halogen-free cable compounds, the high filler volume fraction creates a narrow processing window; ELVAX 3150 is therefore formulated with 55–65 wt% aluminum trihydrate or magnesium dihydrate, 30–40 wt% ELVAX 3150 as base polymer, 2–5 wt% processing aid, and 0.5–1.0 wt% antioxidant. The low melt mass-flow rate of 2.5 dg/min at 190 °C/2.16 kg contributes to high shear heating during filler dispersion. Compounding is carried out on co-rotating twin-screw extruders with L/D 44:1 to 52:1 at barrel temperatures from 150 °C to 180 °C; filler is introduced through a side feeder to prevent excessive screw wear and localized decomposition of the vinyl acetate segment. The filled compound is then extruded onto copper or aluminum conductors through single-screw sheathing lines with L/D 24:1 to 30:1 at melt temperatures of 160–190 °C; draw-down and wall-thickness control rely on a gear pump and closed-loop ultrasonic wall monitor. The process window is constrained by two competing failure modes: below 150 °C, the high filler volume fraction raises melt pressure above 160–200 bar depending on screw design and risks melt fracture at the die, while above 190 °C, deacetylation reduces elongation at break and causes acetic acid release. Production-scale records from cable manufacturers show that moisture absorption in ATH above 0.5 wt% leads to surface porosity and poor insulation resistance; pre-drying in hot-air hopper dryers at 70–80 °C for 2 h is applied when storage RH exceeds 60%. Amine-containing lubricants are excluded because residual basicity accelerates acetic acid elimination at melt temperature. End products include halogen-free sheathing for control cables, signal cables in building installations, and low-smoke cable jackets for metro and tunnel infrastructure. Compliance is evaluated under IEC 60332-1-2 for vertical flame propagation, IEC 60754-1 and IEC 60754-2 for halogen acid gas release and pH, ASTM D638 for tensile properties of the compound, and ISO 1133-1:2022 for melt flow consistency; final cable is tested under the relevant construction product or energy infrastructure regulation for European market access.
Because solvent-borne lamination adhesives are applied at 50–70 °C and dried with lower heat input than aqueous dispersions due to lower solvent evaporation enthalpy, ELVAX 3150 is dissolved in toluene or toluene/cyclohexane mixtures under closed-loop reflux to yield 15–25 wt% solids adhesive solutions; the 15 wt% vinyl acetate content balances solubility in aromatic solvents with adhesion to polyethylene and aluminum foil surfaces. On a dried-solids basis, ELVAX 3150 occupies 60–80 wt% of the adhesive layer, with tackifier and antioxidant comprising the balance. Coatings are applied by reverse-roll or gravure coating to flexible packaging substrates at 20–35 m/min, followed by two-zone drying with staged temperatures of 60 °C and 80 °C to prevent solvent boil. Terminal products include flexible packaging laminates, foil-to-paper lamination, and heat-seal coatings for paperboard. Compliance for solvent emissions is controlled by Directive 2010/75/EU and national VOC permits; the final adhesive layer in food-contact laminate must satisfy Regulation (EU) 10/2011 migration limits and, where applicable, 21 CFR 175.105 for the FDA market. A known operational boundary is solution shear sensitivity: high-shear mixing of the EVA solution above 70 °C can reduce solution viscosity by mechanical chain scission, so low-rpm cowles dispersers with jacketed cooling are used during let-down; published data for this specific grade under high-shear solvent mixing is limited, and the limit is therefore set conservatively from production observation.
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Among the intermediate vinyl acetate grades in the ELVAX ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer line, ELVAX 3150 is specified as a random, semi-crystalline thermoplastic produced by high-pressure continuous copolymerization of ethylene and vinyl acetate. Manufacturer technical literature lists a nominal vinyl acetate content of 15 wt%, a melt flow index of 2.5 g/10 min when measured under ASTM D1238 at 190 °C with a 2.16 kg load, and a solid-state density of 0.94 g/cm³ determined according to ASTM D1505. The product is supplied in pellet form and is commonly used where a balance of polyethylene-like crystallinity and vinyl acetate-derived polarity is required. The low melt flow index relative to other 15 wt% vinyl acetate grades indicates a high average molecular weight, producing higher melt viscosity and improved cohesive strength in finished compounds. Batch certificates typically include lot-specific values for vinyl acetate content, melt flow index, and density; the nominal values should not be used as acceptance criteria without reviewing the certificate of analysis for the specific shipment.
The comonomer sequence and crystallite morphology control the thermal response. At 15 wt% vinyl acetate, the copolymer retains a major melting endotherm near 90 °C when scanned by differential scanning calorimetry under ASTM D3418 or ISO 11357-3, whereas higher-vinyl-acetate grades display substantially lower crystalline melting points and lower room-temperature storage moduli. The vinyl acetate units disrupt methylene sequencing and reduce lamellar thickness and crystallite size, but the crystalline polyethylene fraction remains sufficient to provide elevated-temperature shape retention and resistance to cold flow. By contrast, the amorphous phase contributes sub-zero flexibility and polar interaction sites for adhesion and filler wetting. The grade therefore occupies a compositional space between low-vinyl-acetate extrusion grades with high crystallinity and high-vinyl-acetate adhesive grades with greater solubility in polar solvents and higher adhesion to polar substrates. Published detailed dynamic mechanical data for this specific configuration are more limited than for widely characterized high-vinyl-acetate adhesive grades, but the general structure-property relationships for ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers are well established.
On production-scale twin-screw compounding lines with 40:1 L/D barrel length, the low melt flow index produces measurably higher melt pressure and screw torque than a counterpart having the same vinyl acetate content but an 8 g/10 min melt index. A feed-limited temperature profile with barrel sections ramped from approximately 120 °C to 190 °C and a die melt temperature near 200 °C maintains stable strand extrusion in unfilled and lightly filled compounds. At equal screw speed and throughput, the higher viscosity grade shifts the extruder operating point toward higher specific energy input. Consequently, screw speed must often be reduced or feed rate limited on smaller machines to avoid breaker-plate pressure excursions. When the melt temperature is allowed to exceed 220 °C for extended periods, deacetylation accelerates and acetic acid is generated; this can corrode unprotected chrome-molybdenum tool steels and increase gel formation in stagnation zones. For sustained operation at melt temperatures above 200 °C, corrosion-resistant barrel and die materials are specified, and screw elements with narrow residence-time distribution are preferred.
Pre-drying at 60–70 °C for 2–4 h is advisable when the resin has been stored outside controlled-dry conditions. Residual moisture above approximately 0.05 wt% can produce surface roughness, micro-bubbling, or porosity in extruded profiles and compounded pellets. Single-screw extruders processing this grade usually require a minimum screw compression ratio of 3:1 and a cooled feed throat to control pellet bridging; screw designs with lower compression ratios can generate surging because the high-viscosity melt disrupts solids conveying in the transition zone.
Injection molding of ELVAX 3150 differs from higher-melt-index EVA grades by requiring lower injection velocities and higher melt temperatures to fill thin sections without jetting. A melt temperature range of 180–195 °C and mould temperature of 10–30 °C typically allow ejection, but weld lines and surface gloss are sensitive to gate location and injection speed. Clamp force requirements are moderate for small-to-medium flexible parts; however, the low melt flow index reduces the permissible flow length-to-thickness ratio before pressure demand becomes excessive. Published data for this specific configuration is limited for very thin-wall parts, and process development should include short-shot studies to define the stable filling window.
Because the vinyl acetate content is lower than that of standard hot-melt adhesive EVA grades, ELVAX 3150 dissolves more slowly in aromatic and ketonic solvents at ambient temperature and may require higher dissolution temperatures or longer agitation than 28 wt% vinyl acetate copolymers. Solvent-based adhesive producers frequently heat the solvent to 40–60 °C during polymer addition to reduce dissolution time. The lower polarity also reduces compatibility with highly polar resin tackifiers and plasticizers, while improving compatibility with lower-polarity hydrocarbon resins and waxes. In hot-melt adhesive compounding, the grade contributes elevated viscosity retention at high shear and improved cohesive strength at elevated temperatures, but the slower melting characteristic must be compensated by higher application temperature or longer heating time in the melter.
In hot-melt adhesive production, the high melt viscosity of ELVAX 3150 can increase backpressure in slot-die and gear-pump systems. Melt filtration is recommended at 150–250 µm mesh to remove any thermally degraded gel particles and protect application heads. Because the material has lower polarity than high-vinyl-acetate EVA, wetting on aluminium foil, polyester film, and coated paper is not as aggressive at equivalent application weight. Formulators selecting this grade for packaging adhesives usually rebuild tackifier and wax ratios rather than performing a direct replacement. Cloud point and loop tack are influenced by the resin solubility parameter and the polymer crystallinity; the lower vinyl acetate content shifts compatibility toward aliphatic and naphthenic process oils and away from highly aromatic plasticizers.
The following nominal values illustrate the position of ELVAX 3150 relative to adjacent grades in the same resin family. The data are compiled from published manufacturer technical literature and should be confirmed against the current certificate of analysis for each grade.
| Grade | Nominal vinyl acetate content (wt%) | Melt flow index (g/10 min, ASTM D1238, 190 °C/2.16 kg) | Nominal density (g/cm³, ASTM D1505) |
|---|---|---|---|
| ELVAX 3150 | 15 | 2.5 | 0.94 |
| ELVAX 550 | 15 | 8.0 | 0.94 |
| ELVAX 265 | 28 | 3.0 | 0.95 |
| ELVAX 660 | 12 | 2.5 | 0.94 |
Direct substitution is not recommended on the basis of these nominal values alone. The melt flow index difference between ELVAX 3150 and ELVAX 550 is significant in continuous mixing and adhesive application: the 2.5 g/10 min grade has higher tensile strength and viscosity, while the 8 g/10 min grade permits higher line speed and lower pump pressure. Compared with ELVAX 265, the lower vinyl acetate content of ELVAX 3150 yields higher crystallinity, a higher crystalline melting point, lower room-temperature rubberiness, and reduced adhesion to polar surfaces. Compared with ELVAX 660, the higher vinyl acetate content improves flexibility, impact toughness, and filler acceptance while slightly reducing stiffness and upper service temperature.
A formulation containing ethylene-vinyl acetate polymer, rosin ester tackifier, and Fischer-Tropsch wax responds differently when a 28 wt% vinyl acetate copolymer is replaced by ELVAX 3150. The lower vinyl acetate content raises crystalline melting point and storage modulus at room temperature, producing measurable changes in adhesive performance. Heat resistance under load generally improves, but adhesion to aluminium, corona-treated polyester, and polar paper coatings can decline at equivalent coating weight. Open time typically shortens because crystallization begins earlier during cooling, unless the formulation is adjusted with a slower crystallizing synthetic wax or a higher softening-point tackifier.
The adhesive set speed increases because the lower vinyl acetate fraction reduces the solubility of the polymer in molten wax and accelerates solidification. This behavior is advantageous for high-speed case and carton sealing where short compression time is required, but it can create brittle bonds if the wax content is too high. Adhesion performance is evaluated under ASTM D1876 for T-peel strength and ASTM D4498 for shear adhesion failure temperature. The lower-vinyl-acetate system usually shows a higher shear adhesion failure temperature but lower T-peel adhesion to aluminium foil than the 28 wt% system when the same tackifier content is used. Wax migration can increase if the wax is incompatible with the less polar polymer, and this may be detected as surface haze or blocking after ageing.
In polymer modification, ELVAX 3150 is typically used as a high-molecular-weight impact modifier or flexibilizer in compounds requiring better creep resistance than lower-molecular-weight EVA grades. The low melt index contributes to tougher dispersed-phase domains and improved tensile elongation in filled polyolefin compounds. However, the high viscosity makes dispersion more difficult when the matrix is a high-flow polypropylene or polyethylene. Twin-screw mixing with adequate specific energy input is required to develop fine particle morphology. Published data for this specific configuration is limited in filled systems, so pilot compounding trials are necessary to define the compatibilizer level and screw profile.
Regulatory status must be confirmed for the final article. Unmodified ELVAX 3150 may be evaluated for compliance with FDA 21 CFR 177.1520 for olefin polymers in food-contact use, but the base resin evaluation does not automatically cover additives, processing aids, colorants, or final migration behavior. For European food-contact use, Commission Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 applies to the final plastic material, and migration testing under EN 1186 is required. The resin is subject to REACH registration, and RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU compliance must be verified on the finished component because downstream additives can alter the restricted-substance profile.
Operational boundaries include avoidance of sustained melt temperatures above 230 °C, minimization of residence time in dead zones, and elimination of direct contact with amines or strong bases that can promote saponification of acetate groups during long hold-up times. Extended exposure to open flame or high-energy ultraviolet radiation causes chain scission and surface oxidation. Material stored in unopened, dry packaging at ambient temperature can be handled with standard thermoplastic processing equipment, but opened bags should be kept dry. No conclusion or forward-looking statement is required for this technical introduction; the grade is selected by matching its compositional and rheological profile to the specific processing and end-use requirements.
