| HS Code | 524097 |
| Color | White |
| Thickness | 0.45 mm (typical) |
| Width | 1000-1200 mm |
| Density | 0.95-0.97 g/cm³ |
| Melt Flow Rate | 20-30 g/10 min |
| Softening Point | ≥65 °C |
| Light Reflectance | ≥90% |
| Adhesion Strength To Glass | ≥70 N/cm |
| Adhesion Strength To Backsheet | ≥40 N/cm |
| Volume Resistivity | ≥1.0 × 10^15 Ω·cm |
| Breakdown Voltage | ≥15 kV/mm |
| Tensile Strength | ≥16 MPa |
| Elongation At Break | ≥500% |
| Shrinkage | ≤3% |
| Moisture Content | ≤0.2% |
| Curing Conditions | 145-150 °C × 15-20 min |
| Shelf Life | 6 months |
| Storage Temperature | ≤30 °C |
| Storage Humidity | ≤60% RH |
As an accredited Sveck White EVA Film SV-15297W (for PV encapsulation materials ) factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
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In conventional glass-backsheet monofacial crystalline silicon module construction, the rear-side encapsulant functions as the optical reflector, the cell-to-backsheet adhesive interface, and the mechanical stress buffer for solder-ribbon topography. Replacing a transparent rear ethylene-vinyl acetate sheet with Sveck White EVA Film SV-15297W at a nominal thickness of 0.45 mm changes the lamination thermal profile and the end-of-line adhesion test window. Qualification of this stack falls under IEC 61215-1:2021 and IEC 61215-2:2021 for design qualification and type approval, IEC 61730-1:2016 and IEC 61730-2:2016 for safety, and UL 1703 for North American product listing; materials disclosure is governed by REACH SVHC communication obligations and RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU Annex II.
Compliance and test method matrix referenced across SV-15297W lamination scenarios:
| Standard | Test / requirement | Application to SV-15297W lamination stack |
|---|---|---|
| IEC 61215-2:2021 | Damp heat 1000 h at 85 °C/85% RH | Post-lamination peel retention and backsheet delamination |
| ASTM D2765-16 | Decalin extraction gel content | Cure state after lamination, target ≥80% |
| ASTM D1876-01 | T-peel adhesion | Encapsulant-to-backsheet and encapsulant-to-glass adhesion |
| IEC 61730-2:2016 | Insulation, wet leakage current, creepage | Module safety qualification with white rear layer |
| ISO 1133-1:2022 | Melt flow rate at 190 °C/2.16 kg | Incoming film melt-flow verification before layup |
The lamination usage ratio is 100% replacement of the rear clear EVA layer by SV-15297W; no co-blending with transparent EVA in the same layer is recommended because partial blending produces mottled reflectance across cell gaps. Two sheets may be stacked to 0.90 mm only when cell topography, backsheet texture, or ribbon offset requires additional melt-fill volume, but this stacking raises cure time and edge squeeze-out. Production-scale lamination is performed in a flatbed membrane vacuum press with platen dimensions 3.2 m × 2.2 m, oil-heated platen zones controlled to ±1.5 °C. Evacuation at ≤150 Pa is held at 120–130 °C for 6–8 min to remove trapped air from cell gaps. The membrane pressure of 0.10–0.12 MPa is then applied while platen setpoint reaches 145 ± 2 °C, with cure maintained for 8–10 min. Cure completeness is verified by gel content ≥80% using ASTM D2765-16 extraction, and peel adhesion to backsheet is monitored at ≥40 N/cm according to ASTM D1876-01. Cooling to below 60 °C before unloading reduces backsheet warp and edge delamination. Terminal modules in this configuration are conventional glass-backsheet monofacial panels from 400 Wp to 700 Wp, deployed in fixed-tilt utility arrays, single-axis tracker fields, commercial rooftops, and residential sloped roofs.
Building-integrated photovoltaic curtain wall spandrel panels impose façade-specific failure modes: cyclic wind deflection, close-distance visual inspection, and reaction-to-fire compliance for the complete glazing unit. The white rear encapsulant is used as the full rear-side layer in a laminate stack of 6 mm tempered front glass, 0.45 mm clear front EVA, cell string, 0.45 mm SV-15297W, and either 6 mm heat-strengthened rear glass or an opaque backsheet. The addition ratio is 100% of the rear encapsulant area; edge thinning below 0.40 mm at panel corners is not permitted because wind-induced shear concentrates at the edge bond line. Compliance includes IEC 61215-1:2021 and IEC 61215-2:2021 for photovoltaic performance, IEC 61730-1:2016 and IEC 61730-2:2016 for safety, EN 13501-1 for reaction-to-fire classification of the glazing assembly, and EN 12600 for pendulum impact resistance where the panel is accessible.
Processing uses a flatbed membrane vacuum press with the same vacuum and cure sequence as monofacial modules, but edge clamping is adjusted to prevent glass bowing above 3 mm/m during the 145 ± 2 °C cure plateau. After lamination, edge sealant and structural silicone attachment to the curtain wall mullion are applied at a bead thickness of 6–12 mm; adhesion compatibility between SV-15297W, butyl spacer, and silicone must be confirmed by ASTM D903-98 peel testing on edge specimens. Terminal forms include vision-glass integrated spandrel panels, skylight photovoltaic units, and canopy modules where the white rear layer remains visible behind the rear glass.
Operationally, floating photovoltaic platforms in freshwater reservoirs and near-shore brackish environments subject the rear-side encapsulant to continuous water vapor partial pressure differentials, salt deposition, and module-level thermal gradients that exceed ground-mount conditions. The double-glass lamination stack uses 2.5 mm heat-strengthened front glass, 0.45 mm front clear EVA, cell string, 0.45 mm SV-15297W, and 2.5 mm heat-strengthened rear glass; the white rear layer is 100% of the rear-side encapsulant, but it is not suitable for high-transparency bifacial rear-side power generation because the white pigmentation blocks rear spectral admittance. Compliance extends to IEC 61215-1:2021, IEC 61215-2:2021, IEC 61730-1:2016, IEC 61730-2:2016, and IEC 61701:2020 for salt mist corrosion; damp heat testing at 85 °C/85% RH for 1000 h and thermal cycling from −40 °C to 85 °C for 200 cycles are the governing reliability gates.
Lamination for floating modules is executed at 145–150 °C for 18–22 min with initial evacuation ≤100 Pa, followed by edge butyl tape sealing of 0.5 mm thickness and junction box potting with one-component moisture-cure silicone. The edge trim allowance increases to 3–5% of sheet area because the moisture-barrier adhesive path must be fully wetted; post-lamination adhesion is measured at the rear glass interface at ≥35 N/cm per ASTM D1876-01 after damp heat. Terminal products are 300–650 Wp double-glass floating modules mounted on pontoon arrays for reservoirs, aquaculture water surfaces, and near-shore marine platforms.
Vehicle-integrated photovoltaic laminates combine curved glass, lightweight backsheet selection, and cyclic mechanical loads; the rear encapsulant must suppress cell cracking and maintain adhesion to polyamide or PET backsheet after thermal cycling and vibration. For solar roof tile and hood-laminate applications, SV-15297W is supplied at 0.45 mm but may be reduced to 0.38 mm only where vehicle weight limits require it; the addition ratio is 100% replacement of the rear transparent layer and the film is not mixed with front transparent EVA. Qualification uses IEC 61215-1:2021 and IEC 61730-1:2016 for photovoltaic safety, ISO 16750-3:2023 for vibration, ISO 16750-4:2023 for thermal loads, and UN ECE R100 for electric vehicle high-voltage safety.
Production lamination on curved glass uses a silicone membrane press with Shore A durometer 40–50; preforming at 90–100 °C for 5–7 min allows the white film to conform to a radius of curvature down to 150 mm. Cure is performed at 138–142 °C for 20–22 min, longer than flat-plate cycles to compensate for membrane thermal lag and thickness variation at the glass edges. The vibration-rated adhesion threshold is ≥30 N/cm after ISO 16750-3 sine sweep and random vibration exposure, measured by ASTM D1876-01. Terminal products include curved solar roof tiles, hood or bonnet photovoltaic laminates, and tonneau-cover photovoltaic surfaces.
Because elevated agrivoltaic structures combine partial light transmission through row gaps with opaque module areas, the white rear encapsulant increases front-side internal reflection and reduces backsheet heating, but published data for this specific configuration is limited. The cell spacing is set at 10–18 mm according to crop light uniformity requirements; SV-15297W is installed as a 0.45 mm rear layer behind the cells, and the white layer is 100% of the rear encapsulant area. It does not transmit photosynthetically active radiation through opaque module sections; under-module light uniformity is provided by row gap geometry rather than film transparency. Compliance follows IEC 61215-1:2021 and IEC 61215-2:2021 for module qualification, IEC 61730-1:2016 and IEC 61730-2:2016 for safety, and applicable national electrical codes for elevated support structures.
Lamination uses the standard vacuum membrane cycle at 145 ± 2 °C for 8–10 min after evacuation at ≤150 Pa; the main process difference is larger roll slitting width to accommodate non-standard cell spacing without edge waste above 2%. Terminal products are elevated photovoltaic modules over vineyards, leafy-green cultivation, and berry crops where rear-side electrical insulation and reflectance stability under agricultural chemical exposure must be verified.
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Specified as a rear-side encapsulant in crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules, Sveck White EVA Film SV-15297W is an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer sheet formulated with inorganic reflective pigments and free-radical crosslinking agents. The grade is intended for vacuum lamination between the cell string and a white or black backsheet, or as a dedicated reflective layer in monofacial glass-backsheet constructions. Product literature identifies SV-15297W as a fast-cure white EVA supplied in nominal thicknesses of 0.45 mm and 0.55 mm, with roll widths up to 2300 mm and slit widths aligned to cell-string dimensions. The film is stored and transported in sealed aluminum-laminated pouches at 5–25 °C and relative humidity below 50 % to prevent premature peroxide decomposition and moisture uptake. Incoming material is typically accepted only when the lot certificate of analysis confirms a vinyl acetate content of 28–33 wt%, a melt flow index of 25–35 g/10 min under 2.16 kg at 190 °C in accordance with ISO 1133-1:2022, and a pre-lamination shrinkage below 4 % in machine direction after 30 min at 150 °C. These values place SV-15297W in the fast-cure encapsulant class used on continuous laminators with platen temperatures of 145–155 °C and total cycle times of 8–15 min depending on module area and glass thickness.
White EVA is selected to increase front-side short-circuit current by returning photons that pass through cell interstices or reflect from the backsheet into the rear face of the cells. The pigment package in SV-15297W scatters and reflects visible and near-infrared radiation while blocking most rear-side transparency. Manufacturer literature for this grade indicates a solar-weighted hemispherical reflectance of at least 90 % over the 400–1100 nm range after lamination, measured with an integrating sphere according to ASTM E903 or an equivalent optical method. This is materially different from transparent EVA, whose hemispherical transmittance after lamination is commonly above 91 % under ASTM D1003, and from polyolefin elastomer encapsulants, which provide comparable transparency but lower inherent reflectivity unless filled. In monofacial modules, the reflective rear layer can add between 1.5 % and 2.5 % relative to a transparent rear encapsulant in short-circuit current under standard test conditions, although the current gain varies with cell spacing, ribbon reflectivity, and backsheet color. A white encapsulant is generally not specified for the rear side of bifacial modules because it suppresses the rear-side irradiance needed for bifacial power gain; transparent EVA or POE is used instead.
Lamination of SV-15297W is typically carried out on oil-heated flat-platen laminators with vacuum chamber pressure below 100 Pa during the initial degassing step and silicone diaphragm pressure of 0.08–0.10 MPa during crosslinking. The temperature ramp from 25 °C to 150 °C should be completed within 5–7 min to minimize peroxide-induced gas formation before the melt flow phase seals cell edges. Differential scanning calorimetry according to ISO 11357-2 is used to verify that the residual peroxide exotherm is absent after cure; production-floor practice is to sample one laminate per 100 modules and compare gel content with the lot-specific minimum. A gel content of at least 80 % by ASTM D2765-16 is commonly required after lamination. Lower platen temperature or belt speed drift can reduce gel content below 75 %, producing a measurable increase in acetic acid generation during damp-heat aging and a drop in peel strength after 1000 h at 85 °C and 85 % relative humidity. Pre-drying is required when film exposed to ambient RH above 60 % for more than 24 h; typical pre-drying uses a desiccant air dryer at 70 °C for 4 h with a dew point below −40 °C.
The following property envelope is representative for fast-cure white EVA photovoltaic encapsulants. Published data specific to SV-15297W is limited outside the manufacturer’s certificate of analysis; therefore these values are not lot-release limits unless stated in the incoming inspection plan.
| Property | Typical envelope | Test method | Operational relevance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominal thickness | 0.45 mm, 0.55 mm ± 5 % | ISO 4593 | Stack height and melt flow distribution |
| Density | 0.95–0.97 g/cm³ | ISO 1183-1:2019 | Backsheet weight and roll yield |
| Vinyl acetate content | 28–33 wt% | ASTM D5594-18a | Adhesion, crosslink density, hydrolysis response |
| Melt flow index | 25–35 g/10 min | ISO 1133-1:2022 | Degassing and cell-gap penetration |
| Gel content after cure | ≥ 80 % | ASTM D2765-16 | Crosslink completeness and thermal creep resistance |
| Peel strength to glass | ≥ 60 N/cm | IEC 62788-1-4 | Interface durability after lamination |
| Volume resistivity | ≥ 1×10¹⁴ Ω·cm | ASTM D257-14 | Electrical isolation and leakage current control |
| Shrinkage, 150 °C / 30 min | MD < 4 %, TD < 2 % | ASTM D2732-14 | Edge curl and backsheet wrinkling control |
| Reflectance after lamination | ≥ 90 %, 400–1100 nm | ASTM E903 | Rear-side optical gain in monofacial modules |
Production-scale lamination of white EVA shows a characteristic failure mode when moisture is not controlled: trapped vapor forms bubble clusters along the cell edges and busbar transitions. Air-coupled ultrasonic C-scan after lamination identifies voids larger than 2 mm in the encapsulant layer, while electroluminescence images show localized dark regions where delamination interrupts cell contact. Edge lift and backsheet wrinkling are more common with white EVA than with transparent EVA because the inorganic pigment increases melt elasticity and reduces drawability around tabbing ribbons; reducing the cooling rate below 100 °C before unloading is therefore standard on 2.4 m wide lines. The film should not be exposed to amine-containing additives or silanes with active amino groups before lamination because basic species can decompose the organic peroxide and produce premature crosslinking during roll storage.
Ethylene-vinyl acetate encapsulants degrade through hydrolysis of acetate side groups, releasing acetic acid that can corrode solder joints, bus ribbons, and thin-film cell edges. For SV-15297W, acetic acid generation under damp-heat exposure is a key differentiator from polyolefin elastomers. In industry practice, white EVA films in this class produce less acetic acid than standard transparent EVA when formulated with metal-oxide passivation and controlled VA content, but they still exhibit measurable acid generation after 1000 h at 85 °C and 85 % relative humidity under IEC 61215-2. The use of low-acetic-acid stabilizer packages is confirmed by pH measurement of water extracts from laminated modules or by ion chromatography of condensate after damp heat. Modules using rear-side white EVA should be tested for solder joint corrosion after 200 thermal cycles and 1000 h damp heat because the white pigment can hide visual discoloration that is normally visible in transparent EVA. The film is not recommended for thin-film modules with exposed transparent conductive oxide layers that are sensitive to acid etching unless the module manufacturer has verified compatibility through extended damp-heat testing.
Ultraviolet exposure in the 300–385 nm range is the main aging pathway for white EVA because chromophoric residues in the polymer and pigment coating can absorb UV and form radical species. SV-15297W is formulated with hindered amine light stabilizers and UV absorbers; after UV preconditioning per IEC 61215-2, the encapsulant should retain at least 80 % of its initial peel strength and show a yellowness index shift of less than 2 units measured by ASTM E313. White pigments can mask early photobleaching; therefore periodic FTIR and gel content checks are recommended instead of visual inspection alone.
With polyester backsheets, adhesion is developed against the primed inner surface of the backsheet and the rear cell side. After lamination, peel strength measured by IEC 62788-1-4 typically exceeds 60 N/cm against glass and 40–60 N/cm against untreated polyester backsheet; low adhesion is observed when backsheet corona treatment is below 42 dyn/cm or the backsheet is stored longer than 6 months in humid conditions. Because the white pigment modifies shrinkage and modulus, cooling after lamination should be controlled to below 100 °C before unloading to prevent backsheet wrinkling and edge curl. Pre-heating the backsheet to 60–70 °C before layup is used on some high-speed lines to reduce differential thermal expansion between the backsheet, encapsulant, and glass. Published data for SV-15297W on textured versus smooth backsheets is limited; therefore lot-specific peel testing is required before production qualification.
The table below summarizes the functional differences that govern material substitution for a given module stack. Each material category requires separate module-level qualification because material substitutions alter lamination behavior and field durability even when individual datasheet values appear similar.
| Material type | Optical role | Adhesion behavior | Hydrolysis and acid behavior | Typical application |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Transparent EVA | High transmittance > 91 % | High adhesion to glass and most backsheets | Acetic acid generation after damp heat | Front-side cell embedding and rear-side clear stacks |
| White EVA SV-15297W | High reflectance ≥ 90 % | High adhesion to glass, medium-to-high to primed backsheets | Controlled acetate release, not acid-free | Rear-side monofacial backsheet modules |
| Polyolefin elastomer | High transmittance, no pigmentation | Lower initial adhesion, typically requires modified lamination | No acetic acid, low hydrolysis susceptibility | Bifacial high-humidity and PID-sensitive designs |
Incoming quality control for SV-15297W at module plants typically includes melt flow index, thickness, width, shrinkage, gel fraction after lamination, and 180° peel to glass and backsheet. The film is supplied under material safety data and regulatory documentation that supports RoHS 2011/65/EU and REACH compliance for PV components; however, the final module must still be qualified under IEC 61215-1 and IEC 61730-1 with the exact glass, cell, ribbon, backsheet, and junction-box combination used in production. A generic encapsulant datasheet does not substitute for module-level qualification.
