| HS Code | 699871 |
| Density | 0.926 g/cm³ |
| Melt Flow Rate | 160 g/10 min (190°C, 2.16 kg) |
| Vinyl Acetate Content | 6 wt% |
| Melting Point | 102 °C |
| Vicat Softening Temperature | 70 °C |
| Shore D Hardness | 62 |
| Tensile Strength At Break | 8 MPa |
| Elongation At Break | 800% |
| Brittleness Temperature | -75 °C |
| Glass Transition Temperature | -80 °C |
| Crystallization Temperature | 82 °C |
| Thermal Conductivity | 0.35 W/(m·K) |
As an accredited EVAtech EVA 160I/62D Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Supplied in 25 kg multi-walled paper bags, palletized and stretch-wrapped for safe transport and storage. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | EVAtech EVA 160I/62D loaded in 20' FCL, secure palletized bags, ventilated container, protected from moisture and heat. |
| Shipping | EVAtech EVA 160I/62D ships as non-hazardous pellets in 25 kg moisture-resistant bags, bulk bags, or tote bins. Keep dry and away from heat, ignition sources, and direct sunlight. Transport at ambient temperature in clean, covered containers. Secure loads to prevent bag damage and avoid excessive stacking. |
| Storage | Store EVAtech EVA 160I/62D in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight, heat sources, and open flames. Keep containers tightly sealed to prevent moisture absorption and contamination. Maintain temperatures below 30°C, and avoid stacking excessive heights to prevent deformation. Keep away from strong oxidizers. Use within recommended shelf life. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is two years from production when stored in original, sealed containers away from heat, moisture, and direct sunlight. |
Carbon black and rutile TiO₂ masterbatches based on EVA 160I/62D are designed for let-down ratios of 2.0–4.5 wt% in LDPE/LLDPE blown-film and cast-film lines where screen-pack pressure stability and pigment dispersion level determine continuous output. The 16 wt% vinyl acetate content and 6.2 g/10 min melt flow rate (ISO 1133-1:2022, 190 °C/2.16 kg) provide a melt viscosity that is low enough to wet pigment surfaces but high enough to prevent melt fracture at haul-off speeds up to 80 m/min on 75 mm single-screw film extruders. Twin-screw compounding on a co-rotating 40:1 L/D machine with side-stuffed carbon black at 40–45 wt% loading typically runs barrel zones from 120 °C in the feed section to 160 °C at the die, with screw speed 300–500 rpm and melt temperature no higher than 170 °C to limit deacetylation. For white concentrates, 60–70 wt% rutile TiO₂ is prewarmed to 60 °C before side feeding, and zinc stearate at 0.3–0.6 phr is added to lower melt viscosity. Die-face pelletizing with a water-ring system and 2–4 mm pellets is preferred; underwater pelletizing is not used when carbon black loadings exceed 45 wt% because pellet porosity and dusting increase. Filter screen packs of 50/100/50 µm mesh layers are replaced at pressure differentials above 0.5 MPa. The terminal products include food-packaging films where the masterbatch carrier must comply with FDA 21 CFR 177.1350 for ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers and EU Regulation 10/2011 for plastic materials in contact with food, provided the pigment and additive package passes the applicable specific migration limits. Injection molded caps, closures, and crates also use the same concentrates at 1.5–3.0 wt%, but let-down is reduced to 1.0–2.0 wt% in thin-wall packaging to preserve impact strength.
In case-sealing and spine-gluing hot melts, EVA 160I/62D is rarely used as the sole polymer; it functions as a high-tensile backbone blended with a low-VA, high-MFI EVA or an EVA wax to bring melt viscosity into the application window. A starting formulation contains 30–35 wt% EVA 160I/62D, 42–48 wt% C5 hydrocarbon tackifier with a ring-and-ball softening point of 95–105 °C (ASTM E28-18), 15–20 wt% Fischer-Tropsch wax with a congealing point of 98–103 °C (ASTM D938), and 0.5–1.0 wt% hindered phenolic antioxidant. Brookfield viscosity at 180 °C measured by ASTM D3236 with RV spindle 27 ranges from 1,800 mPa·s to 2,400 mPa·s; below 1,600 mPa·s the adhesive penetrates corrugated flute tips and loses bond coverage, while above 2,600 mPa·s carton-side seam compression rollers produce insufficient wet-out. Open time is controlled primarily by wax crystallinity and not by the EVA melt flow rate; with the above wax content, open time falls between 15 s and 25 s on a 24 °C kraft substrate, and set time ranges from 4 s to 8 s at 50% relative humidity. Melt tanks on drum unloaders and slot-die applicators operate at 165–185 °C; residence time above 190 °C is limited to 15 min because deacetylation releases acetic acid that corrodes brass pumps and chrome-plated die lips. The finished adhesives are supplied as pillow pellets or small slats for continuous-feed systems. Bonded cartons and book blocks require no food-contact clearance, but adhesives applied to food cartons are formulated only with components meeting FDA 21 CFR 175.105 or EC Regulation 10/2011 when an indirect food contact declaration is specified.
Chemically blown and press-cured EVA foam formulations use EVA 160I/62D as the base polymer because its 16 wt% VA content balances acetoxy group availability for peroxide crosslinking with sufficient crystallinity for green strength. Dicumyl peroxide (DCP) loading is set between 0.6 phr and 1.0 phr; below 0.5 phr the gel content measured by solvent extraction in boiling xylene for 48 h remains below 60%, producing coarse cells and high compression set, while above 1.2 phr the crosslink network retards bubble expansion and produces density above 0.25 g/cm³. Azodicarbonamide (ADC) is added at 2.5–4.5 phr, with 1.0–2.0 phr zinc oxide as a decomposition activator and 0.5–1.0 phr zinc stearate as a mould release. Two-roll mill compounding keeps front-roll temperatures at 95–105 °C and back-roll temperatures at 90–100 °C; ADC is added only after the EVA band has fused and after roll nip tightening, because premature ADC decomposition above 190 °C generates gas loss before moulding. Moulding in a hydraulic press at 165–175 °C under 10–15 MPa for 8–12 min yields closed-cell foam with density 0.12–0.20 g/cm³, tensile strength 2.0–4.0 MPa (ASTM D638, 50 mm/min), elongation at break 150–250%, Shore C hardness 40–55 (ISO 868), and compression set 20–35% after 22 h at 50 °C under 50% compression (ASTM D395 Method B). The finished midsoles, anti-fatigue mats, and orthopedic sandal bodies are cured with split moulds that allow 5–8 mm wall sections; gas release after demoulding is controlled by post-curing at 70–80 °C for 4–6 h. REACH compliance for ADC decomposition residues requires supplier certificates for formamide and hydrazine content, which is a documented operational boundary.
For extrusion coating and laminating lines producing dry-food sachets, lamination films, and metallized pouches, EVA 160I/62D is blended into LDPE at 15–25 wt% to lower heat-seal initiation and improve aluminium foil interlayer adhesion without sacrificing neck-in stability. A coextrusion tandem line with a 120 mm single-screw extruder at 30:1 L/D runs barrel temperatures 180 °C in the feed zone, 220–235 °C in the metering zone, and 240–250 °C at the die; melt temperature measured by an infrared pyrometer at the die lip is held below 260 °C to prevent gel formation from deacetylation. The air gap is set at 150–200 mm and the line speed at 100–180 m/min, with edge bead trim of 8–12 mm per side to eliminate neck-in. When a 12 µm aluminium foil is coated with 5–8 g/m² of the EVA/LDPE blend and then laminated to 20 µm cast polypropylene, peel strength measured by ASTM F904 is typically 3–6 N/15 mm; below 15 wt% EVA, peel strength to foil drops under 2 N/15 mm, while above 25 wt% EVA the melt curtain becomes tacky and begins to wrap the chill roll. Heat-seal initiation on a gradient laboratory heat sealer occurs at 90–105 °C; hot-tack strength on 25 mm sealed strips at 120 °C, 0.5 s dwell, and 0.35 MPa pressure measured by ASTM F1921 is 1.5–3.0 N/25 mm. The EVA component must meet FDA 21 CFR 177.1350 and EU 10/2011 for food-contact packaging; for retort or boil-in-bag applications this grade is not specified because seal strength above 121 °C is insufficient.
Halogen-free flame-retardant cable sheathing compounds built on EVA 160I/62D require a different filler loading curve than LLDPE-based formulations because the VA groups change both char formation and filler wetting. A typical production compound contains 60–70 phr EVA 160I/62D, 30–40 phr LLDPE with melt flow rate 1.0–2.0 g/10 min (ISO 1133-1:2022), 120–160 phr aluminium trihydrate with median particle size 1.3–1.8 µm, 0–30 phr magnesium dihydrate, 3–5 phr maleic anhydride-grafted EVA compatibilizer, 1–2 phr zinc stearate, and 0.8–1.2 phr vinyl silane coupling agent. Compounding is performed on a co-rotating twin-screw extruder with 45:1 L/D, two side feeders, and underwater pelletizing; barrel zones are maintained at 140–170 °C, and melt temperature at the die is kept below 180 °C to prevent surface roughening from early filler dehydroxylation. Cable extrusion through a 90 mm crosshead single-screw extruder at 25:1 L/D uses a temperature profile from 145 °C at the feed to 170 °C at the head and die, with preheated conductor at 60–80 °C and line speed 15–40 m/min for 3.0–4.5 mm sheath wall. The compound must satisfy the following acceptance limits on finished cable:
| Property | Test standard | Acceptance corridor |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile strength | IEC 60811-501 | ≥10 MPa |
| Elongation at break | IEC 60811-501 | ≥150% |
| Limiting oxygen index | ISO 4589-2 | ≥32% |
| Smoke density light transmittance | IEC 61034-2 | ≥60% |
| Aqueous pH after combustion | EN 50267-2-2 | ≥4.3 |
Filler loadings below 120 phr fail to achieve 32% LOI on 3 mm compression-moulded plaques, while loadings above 160 phr reduce tensile below 10 MPa and cause crosshead die build-up. Finished sheath is supplied for building riser cables, control cables, and solar cable jackets where halogen-free performance is specified.
When injection moulding flexible industrial grommets, appliance feet, and push-in automotive seals from EVA 160I/62D, the processor must control moisture absorbed by the VA phase and the narrow holding-pressure window that governs sink marks and part ejection. Resin stored at RH > 60% for 48 h is pre-dried at 60 °C for 4 h in a desiccant dryer with a dew point of -30 °C; moisture content above 0.05 wt% measured by Karl Fischer coulometry (ASTM D6869) produces surface splay and mould deposits. Moulding on a 120-ton hydraulic clamp machine uses barrel temperatures 150 °C at the feed, 175–190 °C in the middle zones, 190–200 °C at the nozzle, and mould temperatures 25–40 °C; injection pressure is 60–90 MPa, back pressure 0.5–1.0 MPa, and screw speed 40–80 rpm. Holding time is set at 3–5 s for 2 mm wall sections; longer holding does not reduce sink because the material begins to freeze at the gate immediately after decompression. Finished parts exhibit Shore D hardness 40–45 (ISO 868, 15 s), tensile strength 8–12 MPa, and Vicat softening temperature 65–75 °C (ISO 306, Method A50, 10 N). REACH and RoHS (2011/65/EU) compliance is required for electrical appliance components, but no food-contact declaration is granted unless the colourant and mould release system are cleared under EC 10/2011.
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EVAtech EVA 160I/62D ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer is supplied as a pelletized thermoplastic resin in which the 160I series prefix is the manufacturer’s internal designation and the suffix 62D corresponds to a nominal Shore D hardness of 62. The material is produced by high-pressure radical copolymerization of ethylene and vinyl acetate, yielding a partially crystalline backbone with polar acetate side groups. This structure lowers the melting endotherm and increases adhesion to polar substrates when compared with a non-polar low-density polyethylene of equivalent melt flow rate. Lot-specific conformity is verified by ISO 8985 for vinyl acetate content, ISO 1133-1:2022 at 190 °C and 2.16 kg for melt mass-flow rate, ISO 1183-1 for density, ISO 868 for Shore D hardness, ISO 527-2 for tensile stress at break and elongation at break, and ISO 306 method A50 for Vicat softening temperature. The grade is not a direct replacement for high-density polyethylene in rigid load-bearing components because the flexural modulus and heat deflection profile differ; any substitution must be validated with the test standards applied to the finished article. Published data for this specific configuration is limited when processing conditions depart from the manufacturer’s technical data sheet.
The principal specification parameters are listed below. Values printed on the supplier’s certificate of analysis control lot release; the table identifies the accepted test methodology and the engineering role of each result.
| Property | Method | Unit | Role in Grade Selection |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vinyl acetate content | ISO 8985 | wt% | Controls polarity, crystallinity, low-temperature flexibility, and filler compatibility |
| Melt mass-flow rate | ISO 1133-1:2022 at 190 °C / 2.16 kg | g/10 min | Determines injection flow length, extrusion backpressure, and screw torque |
| Density | ISO 1183-1 | g/cm³ | Used in volumetric screw design and filled-compound mass balance |
| Shore D hardness | ISO 868 | Shore D | Supplier suffix 62D should read as nominal 62; the exact reading is lot-dependent |
| Tensile stress at break | ISO 527-2 | MPa | Detects excessive gel formation or thermal degradation after conversion |
| Elongation at break | ISO 527-2 | % | Indicates ductility, compatibilization, and orientation effects |
| Vicat softening temperature | ISO 306 / A50 | °C | Sets the upper service boundary for non-load-bearing contact |
Incoming resin release is governed by the certificate of analysis because the 160I/62D grade may vary across production campaigns. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy under ISO 8985 is used to confirm vinyl acetate content, while melt mass-flow rate by ISO 1133-1:2022 is checked on dried pellets. If the melt flow rate shifts beyond the supplier’s specified control band, the fill rate and screw speed on the conversion line must be adjusted. Hardness specimens are prepared by injection moulding or compression moulding after conditioning for 88 h at 23 °C and 50% relative humidity according to ISO 291; testing before conditioning will produce inflated hardness and reduced elongation. Density by ISO 1183-1 method A is used to convert extruder throughput from kg/h to volumetric output. These incoming checks detect off-specification material that could otherwise appear only as a processing failure, such as screw slippage or non-uniform melt temperature at the die. Published data for the tolerance bands used by the manufacturer for this specific grade is limited; the supplied certificate of analysis is the controlling reference.
Before melt conversion of the 160I/62D grade is attempted on a 25:1 L/D single-screw extruder, the hopper and feed throat are maintained below 45 °C to prevent pellet bridging. A general-purpose screw with a compression ratio of 2.5:1 to 3.5:1 is used, and the barrel profile is normally set from 150 °C in the rear zone to 190 °C in the metering zone, with the die held at 190–210 °C. These values are typical for ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers in the Shore D 62 hardness class and must be adjusted for screw speed, backpressure, and throughput. The melt temperature is limited to 230 °C because thermal deacetylation releases acetic acid, which corrodes equipment and forms carbonized gel particles. On a 40 L/D co-rotating twin-screw extruder used for filler let-down, the mixing-section barrel temperatures are often set 5–10 °C below the feed section to compensate for viscous dissipation, and screw speed is capped at 200–250 rpm for this hardness class. Published data for the 160I/62D grade at the upper screw-speed boundary is limited; torque monitoring and melt-pressure deviation are used to define the stable operating window.
The main processing conflict in ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer conversion is the narrow separation between the melt temperature required for homogenization and the onset of deacetylation. Acetic acid formation is inferred on the production line from an increase in melt-pressure fluctuation, a reduction in melt strength, and a sharp odour at the vent. For grades in this hardness class, melt residence time at 200 °C should not exceed 15–20 min, and the vacuum vent should be operated at -0.08 MPa to -0.09 MPa to strip low-molecular-weight volatiles. If the line stops for more than 30 min, the barrel is purged with low-density polyethylene or a commercial purge compound with a melt mass-flow rate of 2–4 g/10 min until head pressure stabilizes. Without such purging, carbonized acetoxy residue can accumulate on the screw root and barrel wall, producing black specks and reducing elongation at break measured by ISO 527-2. The resin is hygroscopically benign under normal ambient storage, but condensation exposure or relative humidity above 60% requires dehumidified drying at 60–70 °C for 2–4 h. If dynamic rheology is used for process evaluation, capillary rheometry under ISO 11443 at 190 °C and 230 °C provides shear-viscosity data; a universal master curve across all lots is not valid because comonomer sequence distribution shifts shear sensitivity.
Kinetic analysis of the deacetylation reaction by thermogravimetric analysis under ISO 11358-1 shows a mass-loss onset that depends on heating rate, atmosphere, and vinyl acetate content. In nitrogen at 10 K/min, the initial mass-loss step for ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers in this class is commonly detected above 250 °C; under air the oxidative onset may be lower. These values are not finished-article service temperatures, because the melt residence time is far longer than the dynamic scan. Processing therefore uses the lower practical limit of 230 °C as a safety boundary. Acetic acid corrosion is particularly severe in condensation zones near the vent and in vacuum-pump exhaust; stainless-steel vent hardware and base-resistant seals are used where continuous operation above 200 °C is required. The purging material should have a melt flow rate of 2–4 g/10 min to provide adequate shear cleaning without excessive dilution. If the next production lot is a polyolefin with a lower processing temperature, the transition is performed by temperature ramping rather than an abrupt setpoint change to avoid formation of crosslinked gel particles at the interface.
In extruded profiles and injection-moulded components, the 160I/62D grade is selected for applications requiring a balance of Shore D 62 hardness, polar filler acceptance, and environmental stress crack resistance. On a 110-tonne hydraulic injection moulding machine, the shot volume is normally maintained between 30% and 70% of barrel capacity to limit residence time, and the melt cushion is held at 3–5 mm to avoid screw bottoming. Cavity pressure in ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is commonly observed in the 25–40 MPa range, but the value must be confirmed by short-shot studies on the specific mould. For extruded gaskets and profiles, a breaker plate with a 60/80/100 mesh screen pack is used to build backpressure and improve dispersion of calcium carbonate, silica, or flame-retardant additives. Adhesion to untreated aluminium or polar substrates is evaluated by ISO 4587 for lap shear or ASTM D903 for peel; results are strongly dependent on substrate surface energy, adhesive layer thickness, and vinyl acetate migration to the interface. In hot-melt adhesive systems, higher vinyl acetate grades are normally preferred because they provide lower melt viscosity and longer open time; the 160I/62D designation falls outside the typical hot-melt window based on its Shore D hardness and melt-viscosity class.
In wire and cable compounds, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers in this hardness class are used as the base resin for semiconductive screens or low-smoke halogen-free jackets when formulated with magnesium hydroxide or aluminium trihydrate. Filler loadings of 50–65 wt% are common in low-smoke halogen-free systems, and the vinyl acetate group improves filler wetting relative to LDPE. Because the flame-retardant filler increases melt viscosity and heat dissipation during mixing, the rotor speed and ram pressure of an internal mixer are adjusted to keep the batch temperature below 180 °C. Dispersion is assessed by ash content and by tensile elongation retention after ageing; the relevant test methods include ISO 527-2 and ISO 188 for accelerated ageing. Published data for this specific grade in heavily filled low-smoke halogen-free jackets is limited, and a pilot batch on the target production line is required before scale-up.
The 160I/62D grade may also be employed as a modifier for polyethylene or polypropylene to improve impact strength and filler acceptance. When blended at 5–20 wt% into recycled polyethylene, the vinyl acetate phase lowers the brittle transition temperature and increases melt strength of the blend. The blend is typically prepared on a twin-screw extruder with distributive mixing elements; the dispersed EVA domain size is measured by scanning electron microscopy after cryo-fracture and is correlated with notched impact energy under ISO 179-1. Addition above 20 wt% can reduce tensile modulus below the target specification; the optimum loading is determined by a design-of-experiments matrix rather than a fixed rule.
The selection among ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, low-density polyethylene, and ethylene-methyl acrylate is governed by adhesion to polar substrates, thermal stability during melt conversion, and low-temperature flexibility. Under ISO 4587 lap-shear testing on untreated aluminium, ethylene-vinyl acetate grades in the Shore D 62 class generally show higher joint strength than LDPE of equivalent melt flow rate because the acetate carbonyl increases surface polarity. This adhesive advantage decreases on corona-treated polypropylene, where the substrate surface energy becomes the limiting variable. By contrast, ethylene-methyl acrylate has no acetate side group; it therefore generates less acetic acid during prolonged melt processing at temperatures above 220 °C and may exhibit better colour retention and lower vent corrosion in white or colour-compounded articles. The 160I/62D grade is differentiated from lower-hardness EVA grades by higher Vicat softening temperature and lower elongation at break, which may favour dimensional stability under light load. Comparative substitution studies should be conducted on the same injection moulding machine and with identical specimen preparation protocols; published data for direct substitution of the 160I/62D grade in all sealing formulations is limited.
| Property | LDPE | EVAtech EVA 160I/62D | EMA | Method |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Polar substrate adhesion | Lower; corona or primer often required | Higher due to vinyl acetate carbonyl; grade-specific | Similar or higher; ester functionality | ISO 4587 / ASTM D903 |
| Melt thermal stability | Highest of the three | Limited by deacetylation above 230 °C | Higher than EVA; no acetic acid release | Vent-gas FTIR; melt-pressure trace |
| Low-temperature flexibility | Lower; may stiffen below -40 °C | Improved by vinyl acetate; exact value lot-dependent | Improved by methyl acrylate side group | ISO 812 / ISO 6721 |
| Hardness | Shore D 50–60 for film grades | Nominal Shore D 62 | Softer for high-acrylate grades | ISO 868 |
| Food-contact reference | 21 CFR 177.1520 | 21 CFR 177.1350 if formulated accordingly | 21 CFR 177.1340 if formulated accordingly | FDA |
Regulatory suitability of the 160I/62D grade is established only by the supplier’s food-contact statement and lot-specific compliance documentation. Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers may be formulated to comply with 21 CFR 177.1350 for food-contact articles and with EU 10/2011 as amended for plastic materials intended to contact food, subject to vinyl acetate monomer migration limits and specific migration testing under EN 1186 and EN 13130. The grade is normally expected to contain no intentionally added cadmium, lead, mercury, or hexavalent chromium and to meet the restriction limits referenced in IEC 62321 when accompanied by a RoHS conformance certificate. REACH compliance is an article-level obligation under Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 and Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006; the safety data sheet identifies registration numbers, harmonized classification, and any substances of very high concern. No claim of FDA, EU, REACH, or RoHS approval is made from this technical introduction without the lot-specific compliance documentation.
