| HS Code | 927592 |
| Product Name | Covinax 169-00 |
| Chemical Family | Coumarone-indene resin (aromatic hydrocarbon resin) |
| Cas Number | 63393-89-5 |
| Physical Form | Pastilles |
| Appearance | Very pale, essentially water-white to light yellow solid |
| Softening Point Ring And Ball | 169 °C |
| Color Gardner | 0 maximum |
| Specific Gravity 25c | 1.10 |
| Solubility | Soluble in aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, esters, and ketones; insoluble in water |
| Flash Point Closed Cup | >200 °C |
| Compatibility | Compatible with natural rubber, SBR, EVA, SIS, SBS, and many alkyd resins |
| Primary Application | Tackifying resin for adhesives, rubber compounding, and coatings |
As an accredited Covinax 169-00 factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Covinax 169-00 is supplied in sealed 25 kg fiber drums with polythene inner liners, labeled for safe handling and storage. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | Covinax 169-00 is loaded into a 20-foot FCL container, with drums/pallets securely braced and tied down for safe transport. |
| Shipping | Covinax 169-00 ships as a stable industrial chemical in sealed, properly labeled containers, protected from moisture and direct sunlight. Keep packages upright in ventilated, covered vehicles, avoiding extreme heat. Ensure accompanying safety data sheets, secure loading, and compliance with all applicable transport regulations for non-hazardous or classified materials. |
| Storage | Store Covinax 169-00 in its original, tightly sealed container in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area. Protect from direct sunlight, excessive heat, sparks, and open flames. Keep away from strong oxidizing agents and incompatible materials. Prevent moisture ingress and contamination. Ensure proper labeling and secondary containment, and follow all applicable safety and regulatory storage requirements. |
| Shelf Life | Covinax 169-00 typically has a 12-month shelf life when stored in sealed original containers in a cool, dry place. |
On waterborne dry-bond laminating lines where Covinax 169-00 is evaluated as the primary binder after a solvent-adhesive purge, the as-supplied dispersion is compounded at 60–85 parts by wet weight per 100 parts of finished working adhesive. The balance consists of defoamer, wetting agent, and, when the laminate is specified for boil-in-bag service, a blocked isocyanate crosslinker at 0.5–1.5 parts by wet weight. Demineralized water is added to bring coating solids into the 25–35% range and the bath to 18–25 s on a No. 2 Zahn cup at 25 °C±1 °C. Application is performed on a direct gravure station fitted with 120–150 lines/inch trihelical cylinders; dry adhesive coat weight is maintained at 2.0–3.5 g/m² and verified by inline near-infrared gauging. Drying is staged at 70 °C / 85 °C / 95 °C, with exhaust air held below 45% RH to prevent moisture-loaded film from blistering at the nip. Lamination is completed at 65–80 °C nip temperature and 3.0–5.0 bar nip pressure, followed by a chill roll at 15–20 °C before wind-up. On a 1,200 mm wide Nordmeccanica three-dryer line, edge drying is managed by jacketing the coating sump below 35 °C; failure to control sump temperature produces skinning that transfers as random adhesive particles to the web. Amine-based additives are avoided in crosslinked formulations because they consume blocked isocyanate crosslinker and reduce heat-seal resistance. High-pH borax-thickened systems are incompatible unless a nonionic polyurethane thickener is substituted; the coating station must be flushed with 40–50 °C demineralized water before startup after borax-containing adhesive. T-peel adhesion on the finished laminate is tested under ASTM D1876-08(2015), and heat-seal strength of foil-bearing laminates is measured under ASTM F88/F88M-21. Regulatory coverage includes FDA 21 CFR 175.105 for incidental food contact, EU Regulation 10/2011 for food-contact laminates, and China GB 9685 for food-contact laminates exported to the PRC. Terminal products include paper/aluminum/PET retort pouches, paper/LDPE sachets, aluminum foil/paper gummed wrappers, and PET/paper confectionery flow-pack laminates.
On spiral tube winders running 25–60 m/min, Covinax 169-00 is used neat or diluted with 2–5 wt% demineralized water. For recycled coreboard above 160 g/m², a polyvinyl alcohol co-binder is compounded at 5–15 dry parts per 100 dry parts of the dispersion to raise wet tack at the crimping station. The mixed adhesive is controlled to 2,000–4,000 mPa·s on a Brookfield RV, spindle 4, 20 rpm, 25 °C, with viscosity determination per ISO 2555:2018. The adhesive is applied between plies at 60–120 µm wet film thickness by doctor-roll applicators; open time on double-wall recycled board is 8–20 s at 25 °C and 50% RH. Shear losses in the recirculating pan on high-speed lines are minimized with positive-displacement pumps rather than centrifugal recirculation, because centrifugal pumping can lower viscosity by 10–20% over a shift through mechanical degradation of the dispersion. Batch viscosity drift beyond ±15% from the certificate value is corrected by pH adjustment with ammonium hydroxide to 4.5–5.5, not by additional water. If the coreboard surface pH exceeds 8.5, wet-out is delayed; a 2% dilute pre-wipe of the dispersion on the innermost ply is applied before the main adhesive film. Compliance for dry food packaging cores is governed by FDA 21 CFR 176.170 and 21 CFR 176.180, and by EU Regulation 1935/2004 for general packaging. Core moisture is monitored under TAPPI T 412. Terminal products include spiral-wound paper cores for stretch film, adhesive tape, aluminum coil interleaving, and textile yarn carriers.
On folding carton side-seam lines, the setting rate of the waterborne adhesive determines the maximum line speed at a given compression belt length. Covinax 169-00 is compounded into the finished side-seam adhesive at 70–92 wt% of the wet formulation, with a polymeric rheology modifier at 0.1–0.4 wt% and, when clay-coated board flexibility is required, a citrate or benzoate plasticizer at 1–5 wt%. The working viscosity is set to 800–2,000 mPa·s on a Brookfield RV, spindle 4, 20 rpm, 25 °C; side-seam applicator wheels are gapped at 0.05–0.20 mm against the folded blank. On Bobst or Jagenberg folder-gluers, compression residence time is 4–12 s at 1.0–3.0 bar belt pressure, giving a set time below 30 s on clay-coated folding box board at 25 °C / 50% RH. When the board surface energy falls below 38 dyn/cm, corona or plasma treatment at 2.0–4.0 kW is applied to the side-seam area to prevent adhesive beading and low fiber tear at ejection. Recycled board moisture from 6–9% shifts open time by 5–8 s batch-to-batch; wheel speed is therefore slaved to belt speed with a maximum deviation of ±0.3%. Below 800 mPa·s, adhesive sling from the wheel increases and seam coverage becomes intermittent on coated board. Regulatory anchors are FDA 21 CFR 175.105 for incidental food contact, EU Regulation 10/2011 for confectionery and pharmaceutical cartons, and REACH Annex XVII for finished adhesive substances. Terminal products include dry food cartons, pharmaceutical secondary cartons, cosmetic cartons, and frozen food outer cartons.
Softcover binding operations that replace starch dextrin with Covinax 169-00 shift from brittle spine cracking to cohesive fiber rupture in the paper substrate when the adhesive film is fully cured. The emulsion is formulated at 75–90 wt% of the finished spine adhesive, with a plasticizer-free tackifier dispersion at 10–25 wt%. Working viscosity is set to 3,000–5,000 mPa·s on a Brookfield RV, spindle 5, 20 rpm, 25 °C for nozzle extrusion on Kolbus KM 473 or Muller Martini Acoro binding lines. Spine adhesive is applied at 0.20–0.35 mm wet film, while side glue is applied at 0.10–0.15 mm wet film; after cover application, the book block is stack-pressed at 20–40 kPa for 15–30 min. Blocking resistance of the dried film is tested before bulk storage because stacked softcover books held above 40 °C and 60% RH may develop set-to-touch failures unless a high-Tg co-binder is compounded at 5–10 dry parts per 100 dry parts of Covinax 169-00. This application is regulated under EU REACH Annex XVII for migration of substances from printed paper and under EN 71-3:2019+A1:2021 where the bound product is intended for children’s books; United States finished books are evaluated under CPSIA for accessible substrate heavy metals. Terminal products include perfect-bound softcover books, glued notepads, carbonless form sets, and instruction manuals.
Paperboard-to-aluminum foil wet lamination at high solids requires a different drying profile from film-to-film dry bonding. The working adhesive is made with Covinax 169-00 at 85–95 wt% as-supplied, with dilution water limited to 0–5 wt% to keep dry solids above 48%; a wetting agent is added at 0.1–0.3 wt% to break surface tension on 20 µm annealed aluminum foil. The compound is applied to the paperboard web by a three-roll transfer system with a rubber-covered metering nip at 0.08–0.20 mm; adhesive dry coat weight is maintained at 3–5 g/m². The foil is nipped to the wet adhesive at 0.5–1.5 bar and 40–60 °C, followed by infrared pre-drying at 60–80 °C and a final drying tunnel at 95–110 °C for 15–30 s. Edge curl is controlled by maintaining paperboard moisture below 8% before lamination and by unwinding the foil at 0.3–0.8 N/mm tension. When dry coat weight exceeds 4 g/m², foil wrinkling occurs through hygroexpansion of the paperboard during tunnel drying. Compliance for lidding and inner liner applications follows EU Regulation 1935/2004 and FDA 21 CFR 176.170 for dry and aqueous food contact; aluminum migration from the foil side is controlled under EN 14392. Terminal products include heat-sealable through-seal lidding films, ice cream carton inner liners, pharmaceutical blister lidding, and foil-lined bakery board.
On high-speed corrugated tray forming lines, Covinax 169-00 is compounded with a filler dispersion and a polymeric thickener to balance wet tack, open time, and clean machining. The formulation uses 50–75 wt% Covinax 169-00, 20–35 wt% calcium carbonate filler dispersion at 50% solids, and 0.2–0.6 wt% associative thickener to reach 4,000–8,000 mPa·s on a Brookfield RV, spindle 5, 20 rpm, 25 °C. The adhesive is applied by a wheel applicator at a wet film thickness of 80–150 µm to the corrugated board glue lap. Compression time is 3–10 s at 1.0–2.5 bar; initial fiber tear on B-flute board at 25 °C / 50% RH is obtained before 20 s. On tray forming lines running above 120 m/min, published data for Covinax 169-00 in high-speed spray application is limited; wheel or curtain coating is the preferred application method to avoid shear-induced coagulation at nozzle tips. When the corrugated substrate has a surface pH above 8.5, the addition of 1–3 wt% citric acid solution at 10% concentration is used to lower the adhesive pH to 4.0–4.8 and improve wet-out. Compliance for corrugated trays intended for dry food is governed by FDA 21 CFR 176.170 and 21 CFR 176.180, with EU Regulation 1935/2004 applying to export packaging. Terminal products include produce trays, frozen food trays, cup carriers, and multi-pack tray bodies.
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Covinax 169-00 is supplied as a high-solids aqueous dispersion of a vinyl acetate-ethylene (VAE) copolymer. Ethylene is incorporated directly into the acetate backbone; the dispersion contains no intentionally added plasticizer or coalescing solvent. The as-supplied liquid is a milky white anionic dispersion stabilized with a nonionic/anionic surfactant package. Typical specification windows are as follows: solids content of 54.5–55.5% by mass according to ISO 3251:2019; pH of 4.5–5.5 according to ASTM E70-19; viscosity of 2,000–3,500 mPa·s at 25°C using a Brookfield RVT viscometer, spindle 3, at 20 rpm according to ISO 2555:2018; and density of 8.9 lb/gal (1.07 g/cm³) according to ASTM D1475-13. Storage should be maintained in closed containers between 5°C and 35°C. Freeze-thaw cycling is not recommended; ice-crystal formation at the particle-water interface can destabilize the latex and produce filterable grit larger than 150 µm.
Within the polymer backbone, ethylene comonomer units provide internal plasticization by interrupting acetate chain packing and lowering the minimum film-forming temperature without the use of dibutyl phthalate, benzoate esters, or volatile coalescents. This architecture separates Covinax 169-00 from plasticized poly(vinyl acetate) homopolymer emulsions, which rely on monomeric plasticizer that can migrate over time. A representative glass transition midpoint for the dried film is near −12°C when tested by differential scanning calorimetry according to ASTM D3418-21; published data for this specific configuration is limited, and the formulator should verify the recovered-film glass transition using the selected drying schedule.
Because the system contains no external plasticizer, formulation latitude shifts away from plasticizer-compatibility constraints and toward pH control and shear stability. Plasticized homopolymer systems can lose adhesion as plasticizer migrates into cellulosic substrates or volatilizes under heat. In Covinax 169-00, the ethylene segments remain covalently bonded to the chain and are not extractable as an additive. This permits formulation of packaging adhesives with lower overall extractables when compared with plasticized poly(vinyl acetate) controls. The polymer still requires careful protection against high-pH aqueous additives because acetate hydrolysis can occur above pH 6.5, producing acetic acid and reducing polymer chain integrity. Formulators should avoid volatile amine pH adjusters that exceed this threshold.
In flexible packaging lamination, production lines typically apply Covinax 169-00 at dry coat weights between 1.5 g/m² and 2.5 g/m² using direct gravure or roll coating. The adhesive can be wet-bonded to oriented polyester, metallized polyethylene terephthalate, or corona-treated polypropylene. Final bond strength is evaluated through T-peel testing according to ASTM D1876-08 on 25 mm strips pulled at 305 mm/min; acceptable values depend on substrate surface energy, corona treatment level, and coat-weight uniformity. When wet bonding to coated paperboard, the emulsion produces rapid fibre-tearing bonds in the presence of aqueous moisture. Tack retention at line speeds above 30 m/min must be verified on the production machine; published data for this specific configuration is limited.
Under low-shear Brookfield conditions, viscosity represents only one point on the shear-rate curve. The dispersion is pseudoplastic, so high-shear viscosity measured by cone-and-plate viscometry will be lower than the low-shear reading. Shear-rate dependence should be characterized according to ISO 3219-1:2021 at the actual roller-coater pan temperature, because viscosity measured at 25°C is not representative of a 40°C gravure pan. In high-speed roller coaters, shear-thinning behaviour reduces misting and transfer-nip cavitation while still allowing clean metering on engraved cylinders. If the emulsion has been stored for more than 90 days, gentle mixing with a low-shear axial-flow impeller at 50–100 rpm is recommended to re-homogenize the batch without air entrainment that produces pinholes in cast films.
For high-speed case and carton sealing, wet tack is the critical property rather than ultimate T-peel strength. The emulsion must hold a fibre-tearing or substrate-deforming bond within the compression station where dwell times are typically below 2 s. Wet tack can be measured using a probe-tack apparatus according to ASTM D2979-16; however, interpreting the result requires a correlation to production line speed and substrate porosity. For difficult-to-bond clay-coated boards or varnished carton stock, a small increase in dry coat weight from 2.0 g/m² to 2.5 g/m² often moves the failure mode from interfacial peel to stock tear. The formulator should verify this transition on the actual stock because surface energy and coating binders vary by mill lot.
During film formation, water evaporation from a thin adhesive layer proceeds by diffusion-limited drying. Ambient humidity above 60% RH extends open time but can delay the development of full bond strength; forced-air driers operating at 70–90°C are typical for flexible packaging laminators. For cold lamination, the substrate temperature should remain above 10°C to prevent condensation on the wet film, which produces blush and weak boundary layers. Complete coalescence requires the wet film to remain above its minimum film-forming temperature while water exits the matrix, and this is normally satisfied at room temperature because the ethylene comonomer depresses the film-forming temperature below 0°C.
In the presence of cationic surfactants or polyvalent salts, the anionic dispersion is incompatible with high concentrations of cationic surfactants, polyethylenimine, and quaternary ammonium antimicrobial agents. Addition of these compounds can cause localized charge neutralization, flocculation, and irreversible grit formation that blocks 100 µm filter screens. Similarly, polyvalent metal salts such as aluminum sulfate or ferric chloride coagulate the latex. If cationic wetting agents are required for substrate wetting, they should be pre-diluted and added slowly into the vortex of a stirred vessel while the bulk pH remains above 4.0. The vessel should be equipped with a low-shear axial-flow impeller, and the transfer line should include a 100 µm in-line bag filter to capture destabilized particles before they reach the application roller.
Subject to United States Food and Drug Administration indirect food additive regulations, food-contact suitability for Covinax 169-00 is established under 21 CFR 175.105, provided the finished adhesive does not create direct contact beyond the limitations of the regulation. It may also be considered as a component of paper and paperboard under 21 CFR 176.170 and 21 CFR 176.180, subject to extraction limitations for aqueous, fatty, and dry food categories. The user is responsible for migration testing on the final construction because coating weight, substrate, and converting conditions change the available extractable fraction. Volatile organic content should be measured according to ASTM D3960-21 for the specific formulation; the product is supplied with low residual monomer, but formulated systems may exceed indoor air-quality thresholds if co-solvents are added later.
To evaluate volatile organic content and closed-container storage stability, the formulator should track each retained sample because post-added surfactants, defoamers, and wetting agents can contribute to headspace emissions that are not present in the base emulsion. Closed-container storage stability is a function of pH drift, particle settling, and biological contamination. The product is supplied with a preservative package appropriate for sealed storage; however, once a drum is opened and exposed to plant air, biocide demand increases. The pH should be re-checked weekly according to ASTM E70-19 and maintained within the 4.5–5.5 window. If the pH drifts below 4.0, mild stirring is often sufficient to resuspend settled material, but if a putrescent odour develops, the batch should be quarantined for microbial plate-count testing before use.
| Property | Typical range | Test method |
|---|---|---|
| Solids content | 54.5–55.5% | ISO 3251:2019 |
| pH | 4.5–5.5 | ASTM E70-19 |
| Brookfield viscosity | 2,000–3,500 mPa·s | ISO 2555:2018, spindle 3, 20 rpm, 25°C |
| Density | 8.9 lb/gal (1.07 g/cm³) | ASTM D1475-13 |
| Glass transition temperature (dried film) | near −12°C | ASTM D3418-21 |
| Particle charge | Anionic | Not applicable |
| Storage temperature | 5–35°C | Plant practice |
Compared with self-crosslinking vinyl acetate-ethylene grades, Covinax 169-00 does not require cure temperatures to develop a functional bond. This removes the need for acid catalysis and reduces the risk of pot-life drift when the adhesive is held in a heated application pan. The tradeoff is that the film remains thermoplastic and should not be specified where sustained load-bearing creep resistance above 50°C is required unless the finished assembly is mechanically supported. In lower-temperature packaging and lamination applications, the product offers a working balance between wet tack, substrate wetting, and low-odour operation. The formulator should confirm that final dried adhesive films maintain their specified adhesion after 7 days at 25°C and 50% RH, because full property development after lamination can be slower than the initial tack development.
| Regulation | Scope | Application condition |
|---|---|---|
| 21 CFR 175.105 | Indirect food additives: adhesives | Use as a component of food packaging adhesive; direct food contact not intended |
| 21 CFR 176.170 | Components of paper and paperboard in contact with aqueous and fatty foods | Confirm extraction compliance on final construction |
| 21 CFR 176.180 | Components of paper and paperboard in contact with dry food | Confirm extraction compliance on final construction |
| REACH | Registration, evaluation, authorisation, and restriction of chemicals | Verify monomer residues and SVHC status for supplied lot |
