| HS Code | 867678 |
| Vinyl Acetate Content | 11% |
| Melt Flow Index 190 C 2 16 Kg | 57 g/10min |
| Density | 0.938 g/cm³ |
| Tensile Strength | 15 MPa |
| Elongation At Break | 800% |
| Shore D Hardness | 45 |
| Melting Point | 95 °C |
| Vicat Softening Point | 70 °C |
| Brittleness Temperature | -70 °C |
| Flexural Modulus | 40 MPa |
As an accredited HANWHA EVA 1157 Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Hanwha EVA 1157 Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer is supplied as pellets in 25 kg net polyethylene bags, palletized and stretch-wrapped for safe transport. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL of HANWHA EVA 1157 Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer, packed in bags on pallets, loaded securely for safe transport. |
| Shipping | HANWHA EVA 1157 is shipped as solid pellets in moisture-resistant bags or bulk containers. Keep dry, avoid direct sunlight, high heat, and compaction. Store in ventilated area. Non-hazardous cargo, but secure loads to prevent shifting. Handle with care to preserve product purity and flow properties. |
| Storage | Store HANWHA EVA 1157 Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight, heat sources, open flames, and strong oxidizing agents. Keep containers tightly sealed to prevent moisture pickup and contamination. Maintain ambient temperatures, avoid high humidity, and ensure proper labeling and segregation from incompatible materials. |
| Shelf Life | Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight; typical shelf life is two years from date of manufacture. |
EVA 1157 is processed in chemically blown, peroxide-cured foam where the resin must accept filler and blowing agent addition without losing tear strength or compression set control. EU finished-article compliance is evaluated against Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 Annex XVII PAH limits and SVHC candidate-list obligations under Article 33; US children’s footwear components are assessed under 16 CFR 1307 for regulated phthalates. The relevant mechanical test procedures are ASTM D395-18 for compression set, ASTM D624-20 for tear strength, and ISO 845:2006 for apparent density. The critical processing constraint is simultaneous control of azodicarbonamide decomposition and peroxide-initiated crosslinking: gas evolution must reach maximum cell expansion while the melt develops sufficient modulus to prevent cell collapse.
Typical industrial addition levels are EVA 1157 at 100 phr, azodicarbonamide blowing agent at 2.0–4.0 phr, dicumyl peroxide at 0.6–1.0 phr, zinc oxide at 0.5–1.5 phr, zinc stearate at 0.5–1.0 phr, and calcium carbonate at 5–15 phr. Blowing agent loadings above 4.0 phr without a proportionate reduction in dicumyl peroxide generate interconnected cells and surface collapse; below 2.0 phr the density remains above 0.25 g/cm³, outside typical midsole specifications. Amine-based antiozonants are not introduced because they can quench the peroxide cure and increase compression set.
Production lines use an open two-roll mill with a friction ratio of 1.2:1, roll temperature 90–110°C, and nip gap 2–5 mm, or an internal mixer with ram pressure 0.4–0.6 MPa. The compounded slab is vulcanized in a hydraulic press at 160–175°C for 8–12 min at platen pressure 150–180 kg/cm². On production-scale lines, platen temperature distribution wider than ±3°C causes centre-cell coarsening because the outer portions crosslink before the centre completes gas expansion. This failure is measured as a density gradient above 0.04 g/cm³ across the tile.
Terminal products include compression-molded midsoles, insoles, sandal sheets, orthotic wedges, and protective sports-mat rolls. Densities typically range from 0.10–0.30 g/cm³; Asker C hardness spans 35–65, but the lower end requires a higher peroxide-to-blowing-agent ratio and is associated with greater shrinkage in the first 24 h after demolding.
Hot-melt adhesive compounders select EVA 1157 as the polymeric backbone where cohesive strength, wax compatibility, and application viscosity must be balanced against set speed. Adhesives intended for food-contact packaging are evaluated under FDA 21 CFR 175.105 and, where applicable, the migration limits in 21 CFR 176.170. REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 Article 33 communication duties apply when an SVHC is present above 0.1 wt% in the finished article. Melt viscosity is measured by ASTM D3236-15, and open time is characterized on substrate-specific equipment using a 0.5 mm adhesive film at application temperature. The operational boundary is set by viscosity: if the 180°C melt viscosity drops below 800 mPa·s, the adhesive wicks into corrugated board and produces strike-through; above 2,500 mPa·s, the spiral spray pattern becomes discontinuous and bond strength declines because the adhesive solidifies before compression.
Formulation addition ratios are EVA 1157 at 20–40 wt%, hydrogenated C5/C9 tackifier at 30–50 wt%, paraffin or Fischer-Tropsch wax at 10–30 wt%, and hindered phenol antioxidant at 0.5–1.0 wt%. The ratio is adjusted for substrate density: corrugated packaging uses the lower EVA range and higher wax to reduce viscosity and increase set speed, while bookbinding uses the upper EVA range to improve page-pull adhesion. Wax levels above 30 wt% cause surface bloom and reduce heat resistance, visible as adhesive peeling after 50°C aging.
Compounding is performed in a jacketed Sigma-blade mixer with rotor speed 20–40 rpm and batch temperature 150–180°C, followed by vacuum deaeration at −0.08 MPa for 10–15 min to eliminate bubbles that create pinholing in slot-die coating. Application equipment includes slot-die coaters, spiral spray heads, and wheel applicators at 160–190°C. Production-scale blocking occurs when open time exceeds 12 s or when wax migrates to the surface during storage at RH above 60%.
Terminal product types are corrugated carton sealing, bookbinding, edge-banding tapes, and label-stock foundations. The adhesive is not suitable for low-temperature freezer-grade packaging where base-polymer flexibility below −20°C is required, because the EVA backbone stiffens and the adhesive bond can become brittle under dynamic load.
In photovoltaic module encapsulation, EVA 1157 is converted into uncured or low-precure film that must remain below gelation during extrusion and then crosslink during module lamination. Material acceptance is anchored to IEC 61215-1:2021 module qualification and IEC 61730-1:2016 safety qualification; encapsulant-specific optical and mechanical performance is measured by ASTM D1003-21 for haze, ASTM E313-20 for yellowness index, and ASTM D638-14 for tensile break. The primary process conflict is the narrow window between film-casting temperature and peroxide activation. Premature crosslinking in the extruder produces gel particles that appear as pinholes after lamination; insufficient cure produces gel content below 70% and increases creep in the module under thermal cycling.
Formulation addition levels are EVA 1157 at 100 parts, silane coupling agent at 0.5–1.5 wt%, curing peroxide at 0.6–1.2 wt%, UV absorber at 0.1–0.3 wt%, hindered amine light stabilizer at 0.1–0.3 wt%, and antioxidant at 0.1–0.3 wt%. The silane-to-peroxide ratio is the critical threshold: silane above 1.5 wt% can lower gel content and increase hydrolysis by-products that corrode cell metallization, while silane below 0.5 wt% reduces glass adhesion after damp-heat exposure. The formulation must also restrict moisture content to below 0.1 wt% before film casting; resin stored at RH above 60% requires 4 h pre-drying at 50°C in a desiccant-bed dryer.
Film production uses a single-screw extruder with barrier screw L/D 30:1, melt temperature 80–110°C, and a polished chill roll at 10–20°C. Screw speeds are kept low enough that barrel residence time does not exceed 120 s; barrel zones above 120°C initiate scorch and degrade the final film. Module lamination is conducted in a membrane vacuum laminator at 140–155°C for 10–20 min under vacuum below 0.5 mbar. Crosslink density is verified by solvent extraction according to ASTM D2765-16. Production-scale film break is observed when chill-roll speed oscillations exceed ±1%, producing thickness variation over ±10 µm and non-uniform lamination pressure.
Terminal product types are encapsulant interlayers for monocrystalline, polycrystalline, and thin-film photovoltaic modules. The same film is not recommended for building-integrated modules requiring extended UV exposure above 1,000 W/m² without additional UV-shielding layers, because EVA photodegradation can produce acetic acid and reduce long-term transmittance.
In halogen-free low-smoke flame-retardant cable sheathing, EVA 1157 is compounded at high mineral filler loadings that would embrittle lower-polarity polyolefins. The relevant product standards include IEC 60332-1-2:2004/AMD1:2015 for vertical flame spread on a single insulated conductor, IEC 60754-2:2011 for acidity and conductivity of combustion gases, and EN 50363-0:2011 for general sheathing material requirements.
| Standard | Test condition | Required value |
|---|---|---|
| IEC 60332-1-2:2004/AMD1:2015 | single cable vertical flame exposure for 60 s | char height ≤ 425 mm |
| IEC 60754-2:2011 | combustion gas pH and conductivity | pH ≥ 4.3, conductivity ≤ 10 µS/mm |
Formulation addition levels are EVA 1157 at 100 phr, precipitated or fine-ground aluminum trihydroxide at 100–180 phr, magnesium dihydroxide at 0–50 phr, zinc borate at 5–15 phr, aminopropylsilane coupling agent at 0.5–2.0 phr, carbon black at 1–3 phr, and hindered phenol antioxidant at 1–2 phr. Filler level is adjusted by cable design: 100 phr ATH is used where flexibility takes priority; 180 phr ATH is used where the compound must achieve high oxygen index. Addition above 180 phr increases melt viscosity beyond the practical limit of 75 mm twin-screw extruder drives and creates un-dispersed filler agglomerates that tear the jacket during insulation tests.
Compounding is conducted on a co-rotating twin-screw extruder with L/D 40:1, side-feeding aluminum trihydroxide after the polymer melting zone at barrel section 5–6, screw temperature profile 140–170°C, and die head temperature 150–160°C. A Buss co-kneader is used where longer distributive mixing is required for high-filler formulations. The processing window is narrow: melt temperature above 180°C liberates water of hydration from aluminum trihydroxide and creates voids; below 140°C the specific energy input exceeds 0.28 kWh/kg and the extruder torque approaches the safety limit on 75 mm machines. The resulting pellets are dried to below 0.08 wt% moisture and extruded as cable sheath through a single-screw crosshead at 130–160°C, with pressure before the crosshead not exceeding 350 bar.
Terminal product types include halogen-free low-smoke power-distribution cables, control cables, building wires, photovoltaic cables, and transit-infrastructure wiring. The compound is not suitable for high-voltage insulation layers because the mineral filler loading raises permittivity and reduces dielectric strength; it is restricted to sheathing and bedding layers.
EVA 1157 is melt-blended into paving-grade or roofing-grade bitumen to increase softening point, reduce low-temperature cracking, and modify penetration index. The modified binder is assessed under EN 14023:2010 for polymer-modified bitumen specification, with softening point measured by EN 1427:2015, penetration by EN 1426:2015, and storage stability by EN 13399:2017. In roofing membranes, the finished sheet is further evaluated under EN 13707:2013 or ASTM D6164-21 depending on market. The limiting technical issue is phase separation during hot storage: EVA with polar vinyl acetate segments can separate from the maltene-rich bitumen phase unless shear and temperature are maintained within the specified envelope.
Addition ratios are typically EVA 1157 at 3–7 wt% of total binder mass. Below 3 wt%, the effect on softening point is insufficient for polymer-modified binder specification; above 7 wt%, the blend may exhibit viscosity above 3,000 mPa·s at 180°C and becomes difficult to pump through standard road-construction spreader bars. Some formulations include sulfur at 0.05–0.15 wt% as a crosslinking promoter to improve storage stability, but published data for this specific configuration is limited.
Production uses a rotor-stator high-shear mixer or inline colloid mill at 180–200°C with agitation time 60–180 min. The EVA granules are fed slowly into the hot bitumen to prevent agglomeration on the tank wall; nitrogen blanketing is applied to reduce oxidation. Production-scale failure appears as a drop in softening point after 72 h hot storage at 160°C, indicating inadequate dispersion or insufficient mixing energy. The modified bitumen is then transferred to a jacketed tanker at 170–180°C for pumping to membrane or pavement sites.
Terminal product types are modified bitumen waterproofing membranes, bridge-deck waterproofing layers, and heavy-duty road-pavement binders. The material is not specified where the road contractor requires a fully elastomeric SBS-modified binder with elastic recovery above 75%, because EVA-modified bitumen is predominantly thermoplastic rather than elastic.
Masterbatch carrier resin compounding with EVA 1157 is governed by Directive 2011/65/EU RoHS substance restrictions and, for colorants used in food-contact packaging, the migration requirements of Regulation (EU) No 10/2011; a representative addition ratio is EVA 1157 at 65–85 wt% with organic pigment or carbon black at 15–35 wt% and processing aid at 0.5–2 wt%, dispersed in a jacketed internal mixer or co-rotating twin-screw extruder at 90–120°C before strand pelletizing, yielding color or additive masterbatches for polyolefin films and injection-molded articles.
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HANWHA EVA 1157 is a semicrystalline ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer produced by Hanwha Chemical and positioned as a general-purpose injection-molding and compounding grade. The resin is specified around a nominal vinyl acetate content of 15 wt% and a melt flow index of 7.0 g/10 min measured under ASTM D1238 conditions of 190 °C and 2.16 kg. A density of 0.938 g/cm³ is reported under ASTM D1505. These three descriptors place EVA 1157 in the intermediate segment of the product family: it is lower in melt viscosity than extrusion grades with melt indices below 2.0 g/10 min and higher in melt strength than high-flow grades in the 20 g/10 min to 30 g/10 min range. The 15 wt% vinyl acetate content lowers polyethylene crystallinity enough to improve low-temperature flexibility and environmental stress-crack resistance, while maintaining sufficient stiffness and dimensional stability for molded applications. In contrast to higher-VA grades used in hot-melt and sealant systems, EVA 1157 exhibits lower surface tack, reduced polar substrate adhesion, and a higher crystalline melting peak.
| Property | Test method | Unit | Representative value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Melt flow index | ASTM D1238 | g/10 min | 7.0 |
| Vinyl acetate content | ASTM D5594 | wt% | 15 |
| Density | ASTM D1505 | g/cm³ | 0.938 |
| Melting point | ASTM D3418 | °C | 84 |
| Vicat softening point | ASTM D1525 | °C | 58 |
| Hardness | ASTM D2240 | Shore A | 94 |
| Tensile strength at break | ASTM D638 | MPa | 15.7 |
| Elongation at break | ASTM D638 | % | 720 |
| Flexural modulus | ASTM D790 | MPa | 55 |
The tabulated values are representative lot averages and are not specification limits unless separately fixed in a certificate of analysis. Dimensional design should be based on the producer’s lot-specific data, particularly because ethylene-vinyl acetate lot viscosity can shift within the control window without altering the nominal grade designation.
In injection molding trials on a 350 t toggle-clamp machine with a 25 mm low-compression screw, EVA 1157 exhibits adequate homogenization when barrel set points are maintained at 150 °C to 190 °C from feed to metering zones and the nozzle is kept below 200 °C. Melt temperature measured at the nozzle should remain between 180 °C and 210 °C. At the lower boundary, short shots, gate-stringing, and higher injection-pressure demand become more frequent; at the upper boundary, surface gloss deteriorates and volatiles from vinyl acetate decomposition begin to appear as subsurface bubbles. Mold temperature is typically held at 20 °C to 40 °C. Regulated rather than chilled-water cooling is preferred because excessively rapid quenching increases frozen-in stress in sections thicker than 3 mm. Injection velocity is set to produce a flow-front velocity of 30 mm/s to 80 mm/s for wall thicknesses of 1.0 mm to 3.0 mm. Hold pressure is maintained at 50 % to 70 % of peak cavity pressure to compensate for a linear mold shrinkage typically in the range of 0.8 % to 1.2 %. These conditions are starting points and require adjustment against gate geometry, runner balance, and hot-runner temperature drop.
At melt temperature 190 °C, the material shows shear-thinning behavior; injection-pressure demand is reduced more effectively by increasing melt temperature within the qualified window than by raising screw speed. Gate land length should not exceed 0.75 mm for wall thicknesses of 1.5 mm to 2.0 mm. In multi-cavity tools, sequential valve gating is preferred because unbalanced filling produces differential orientation and post-mold warpage. Weld-line strength is lower than in high-VA grades because of reduced chain-end interdiffusion at the flow front. When a weld line cannot be moved, vent the knit point and use a melt temperature at the upper end of the permitted range to improve flow-front healing. Dimensional stability in closure liners and cable-filling applications benefits from post-mold annealing at 60 °C for 30 min to 60 min. Continuous-use temperature under load is generally below 60 °C because the material approaches its Vicat softening point; above that boundary creep accelerates unless the applied stress is below 0.5 MPa.
For single-screw plasticization, a screw compression ratio of 2.5:1 to 3.0:1 with a gradual transition zone is preferred because the melt is shear-sensitive at elevated temperature. Screw speed is normally limited to 60 rpm to 120 rpm on a 50 mm diameter extruder; higher speeds reduce melt homogeneity and extend screw recovery time without proportional throughput gains. Residence time at melt temperature should not exceed 10 min. Thermal degradation of the vinyl acetate comonomer becomes measurable near 230 °C, releasing acetic acid that etches unplated steel surfaces and produces dark specks in unpigmented or translucent parts. Barrel zones should therefore be interlocked to shut down if any zone exceeds 220 °C. When processing is interrupted, the barrel is purged with a low-melt-index polyethylene before shutdown to displace acidic residue. Purging with polycarbonate or polyvinyl chloride is avoided because the degradation products from those resins are incompatible with residual acetic acid and can form carbonized deposits on screw flights.
Moisture control before processing is handled by desiccant drying at 60 °C for 2 h to 4 h when the resin has been exposed to ambient relative humidity above 50 %. A dryer dew point below -30 °C is maintained. Residual moisture below 0.03 wt% prevents splay and weld-line porosity. Sealed bags are stored below 40 °C and away from direct ultraviolet exposure. If cold pellets are moved into a warm production hall, condensation forms on pellet surfaces; unopened bags are tempered for 12 h to 24 h before opening in humid plants. The resin is supplied as pellets, and batch-to-batch melt-index variation is controlled within a typical specification window of ±0.7 g/10 min. Hardness is less sensitive to lot variation, generally remaining within ±2 points when measured by ASTM D2240.
A direct comparison is made against three reference families. Against a low-VA ethylene copolymer with 5 wt% to 9 wt% vinyl acetate, EVA 1157 has a lower Vicat softening point of approximately 58 °C, greater low-temperature flexibility, and improved environmental stress-crack resistance in polar detergent environments. The trade-off is lower tensile modulus and lower upper service temperature. Against a high-VA resin containing 25 wt% to 28 wt% vinyl acetate, EVA 1157 exhibits higher stiffness, lower surface tack, lower polar substrate adhesion, and higher crystalline melting point. That makes the grade less suitable for high-cling film or hot-melt sealant systems and more suitable for injection molded articles, cable sheathing compounds, and crosslinked foam formulations where excessive softness and blocking are undesirable. Against a low-melt-index extrusion grade near 1.5 g/10 min, EVA 1157 fills thin-wall cavities at lower injection pressure and shorter cycle time, but it has lower melt strength for monolayer blown film and may produce higher neck-in in profile extrusion. Published data for direct comparison of these grades under identical tooling is limited; the differences are inferred from measured melt-flow and vinyl acetate content rather than from single-cavity comparative molding trials.
In masterbatch and mineral-filled compounding on a co-rotating twin-screw extruder with L/D 40:1, EVA 1157 is melt-fed in the main feed and fillers such as talc or calcium carbonate are side-fed after the melting zone. Barrel temperatures follow 130 °C to 190 °C, with the die held at 180 °C. Screw speed of 250 rpm to 400 rpm disperses the filler, but the kneading-block zone is restricted to 10 % to 15 % of total screw length to avoid shear heating above 200 °C. Vacuum devolatilization at -0.06 MPa to -0.08 MPa is applied before the die. In formulations with calcium carbonate above 40 wt%, strand brittleness increases; pelletizing may require a strand die with 6 mm holes and reduced line speed to prevent fracture. For chemical blowing agent masterbatches, azodicarbonamide is added in a side-feed zone held below its decomposition onset of 195 °C. The resin also permits pigment loadings up to 60 wt% in black masterbatches when melt temperature is kept below 200 °C and die pressure is limited to 12 MPa; carbon black introduces adsorbed moisture and volatiles, making vacuum venting necessary for strand quality.
When EVA 1157 is used in crosslinked closed-cell foam, the formulation is typically compounded with azodicarbonamide at 1.5 phr to 2.5 phr and dicumyl peroxide at 0.5 phr to 1.0 phr. The peroxide-containing compound is mixed at 90 °C to 105 °C on a two-roll mill or internal mixer to avoid premature scorch. Curing and blowing are run at 165 °C to 175 °C for 3 min to 8 min. The objective is to match peroxide half-life with the gas evolution profile of the blowing agent. If crosslinking occurs too early, gas expansion is restrained and foam density remains high. If gas evolution occurs before sufficient network formation, the medium melt strength of EVA 1157 is insufficient to prevent cell coalescence, producing irregular large voids and poor compression set. The 7.0 g/10 min melt flow index is therefore an operational compromise: it aids dispersion of peroxide and blowing agent but demands tighter cure-time control than a low-flow foam grade. Published data for this specific formulation configuration is limited; acceptable foam density and hardness are generally achievable only when melt temperature during subsequent expansion is controlled within a narrow window and the compound is not stored beyond 24 h after peroxide addition.
Environmental stress-crack resistance is improved relative to high-density polyethylene and low-VA copolymers when the resin is exposed to polar surfactants and alcohols. However, EVA 1157 remains susceptible to swelling in ketones, esters, and chlorinated solvents. Immersion testing under ASTM D543 is required before specifying the resin for chemical tank fittings, dispenser components, or pump housings. The base copolymer is generally not classified as hazardous under EU CLP Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008. Food-contact suitability for ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers is evaluated under 21 CFR 177.1350 and EU Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 when migratory extractables meet the prescribed limits. Heavy metal restrictions under RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU are generally met by the base resin. Combustion of the material in oxygen-limited conditions may produce carbon monoxide and acetic acid; incineration should be conducted with adequate ventilation and emission control. When color or filler masterbatches are added, melt-flow shift is measured by ASTM D1238 on the final compounded pellet, not on the neat resin, because additives change the viscosity response and can move the practical processing window outside the neat-grade limits.
