| HS Code | 592836 |
| Product Name | HANWHA EVA 1316 |
| Resin Type | Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer (EVA) |
| Vinyl Acetate Content | 16 wt% |
| Melt Flow Index 190 C 2 16 Kg | 1.5 g/10 min |
| Density | 0.937 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 92 °C |
| Vicat Softening Point | 73 °C |
| Shore Hardness Shore A | 88 |
| Tensile Strength At Break | 20 MPa |
| Elongation At Break | 800% |
| Brittleness Temperature | -70 °C |
| Fusion Point | Approximately 90 °C |
As an accredited HANWHA EVA 1316 factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | HANWHA EVA 1316 is supplied in 25 kg net polyethylene bags, palletized and stretch-wrapped for safe transport and storage. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL of HANWHA EVA 1316: palletized bags loaded, secured, and container sealed for safe transport. |
| Shipping | HANWHA EVA 1316 is an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, typically shipped as solid pellets. It is generally non-hazardous for transport. Use sealed kraft paper or polyethylene bags, keep pallets dry, and store away from heat, sparks, and direct sunlight. Avoid dust accumulation and ensure proper ventilation during handling and loading. |
| Storage | Store HANWHA EVA 1316 in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight, heat sources, and open flames. Keep containers tightly sealed to prevent moisture contamination and dust accumulation. Avoid contact with strong oxidizers. Maintain storage temperature below 30°C (86°F). Use proper handling procedures and ensure area is clean to prevent slip hazards. |
| Shelf Life | HANWHA EVA 1316 has a typical shelf life of 12 months when stored in original, sealed packaging in a cool, dry place. |
Compounding lines that convert HANWHA EVA 1316 into crosslinked closed-cell foam for sports shoe midsoles and sheet underlays select this grade for its nominal vinyl acetate content of 16 wt% and its melt flow index of 1.8 g/10 min measured at 190°C under 2.16kg by ASTM D1238. The acetate side groups reduce polyethylene crystallinity to a degree that permits homogeneous peroxide crosslinking, while the moderate molecular weight distribution maintains enough melt strength for controlled bubble expansion when the blank is heated under pressure and then released. Production-scale two-roll mills band the compound at 90–100°C before adding azodicarbonamide at 2.0–4.0phr, dicumyl peroxide at 0.6–1.2phr, zinc oxide at 1.0–2.5phr, and zinc stearate at 0.5–1.0phr. The decomposition kinetics of dicumyl peroxide define the lower cure limit, with a 1min half-life near 171°C, while azodicarbonamide gas evolution becomes rapid above 200°C; the press plateau is therefore held at 165–175°C for 8–12min for blanks of 10–12mm thickness. A processing deviation of more than ±5°C from the optimized plateau creates either insufficient crosslinking with high compression set or premature gas release that collapses the cell structure before the polymer matrix can retain expansion.
Density in midsole foams is typically controlled from 0.12g/cm³ to 0.25g/cm³ according to ISO 845; athletic sheet goods may fall below 0.08g/cm³. Hardness values measured under ASTM D2240 Shore A or Asker C follow the density curve, generally between 25 and 45. Tensile strength determined by ASTM D638 at 500mm/min falls in the 1.0–3.0MPa range, with elongation at break between 150% and 350%. Tear strength by ASTM D624 Die C is 2.0–8.0kN/m. Compression set tested by ASTM D395 Method B for 6h at 50°C under 50% compression should remain at 20–40% for crosslinked EVA; higher values indicate under-crosslinking or over-blowing that thins cell walls. Dimensional stability after die cutting is monitored as shrinkage after 24h at 70°C, and values above 3% are generally rejected for contour-machined midsoles because subsequent side-wall distortion prevents accurate periphery bonding during lasting.
| Variable | Lower boundary | Upper boundary | Measured effect |
|---|---|---|---|
| Azodicarbonamide loading | 2.0 phr | 4.0 phr | Density reduction from 0.30 to 0.12 g/cm³ |
| Dicumyl peroxide loading | 0.6 phr | 1.2 phr | Gel fraction increases from 50 to 85 % |
| Press temperature | 165 °C | 175 °C | Processing window ±5 °C |
| Foam density | 0.08 g/cm³ | 0.25 g/cm³ | Hardness range 25–45 Shore A |
In low-smoke halogen-free cable sheathing, EVA 1316 is compounded with precipitated magnesium dihydroxide at 120–180phr, or with a mixed filler system of magnesium dihydroxide and aluminium trihydroxide at total loadings of 150–200phr. The 16wt% vinyl acetate content supplies sufficient polar sites for filler wetting, but the relatively low melt flow index of 1.8g/10 min forces compounding on a co-rotating twin-screw extruder with L/D of at least 40:1. Barrel temperatures are typically profiled from 120°C at the feed throat to 150°C at the die, and screw speed is limited to 250–350rpm to avoid excessive shear heating. Predrying is mandatory at 70°C for 4h when storage RH exceeds 60%; moisture retained above 0.05% promotes acetic acid formation and increases melt fracture at the die lip. Without adequate venting, the resulting porosity also reduces sheathing tensile strength and creates surface defects detectable by IEC 60811-501 visual inspection.
Mechanical performance after extrusion depends heavily on silane coupling. Trimethoxyvinylsilane at 0.5–1.0phr is added in a side feeder or through pre-treated filler to reduce interfacial slip and preserve tensile strength. Without a coupling agent, tensile strength per IEC 60811-501 can drop below 9MPa after 168h at 135°C; silane-treated compounds often retain 10MPa or higher. Elongation at break is to remain above 150% for sheathing installed in tight bend radii. Because EVA 1316 has lower vinyl acetate content than the 18–28wt% grades commonly used in LSZH compounds, filler loadings beyond 180phr reduce melt strength and increase die pressure; plant formulations frequently blend 10–20wt% of a higher-VA EVA to restore elongation and surface smoothness while maintaining the required flame retardance.
| Property | Test method | Acceptance criterion |
|---|---|---|
| Limiting oxygen index | ASTM D2863 | ≥28 % |
| Halogen acid gas evolution | IEC 60754-2 | ≤0.5 % |
| Smoke density transmittance | IEC 61034-2 | ≥60 % |
| Vertical flame propagation | IEC 60332-1-2 | char height ≤425 mm |
For blown film operations where EVA 1316 is blended with low-density polyethylene at 10–30wt%, the grade modifies dart impact strength and lowers heat-seal initiation temperature while increasing haze. Bubble stability is the limiting processing factor because the 1.8g/10 min melt flow index and 0.938g/cm³ density produce lower melt strength than fractional-MI LDPE; processors therefore use die gaps of 1.8–2.5mm and maintain blow-up ratios below 2.5:1. Dart impact per ASTM D1709 Method A on 50µm film containing 20wt% EVA 1316 is generally higher by 15–30% relative to the neat LDPE control, while seal initiation per ASTM F2029 shifts downward by 8–12°C. Optical clarity measured by ASTM D1003 deteriorates with increasing vinyl acetate content, so transparent overwrap structures limit EVA 1316 to 10wt% or below; for heavy-duty sacks and frozen-food films the higher loading is selected to win puncture resistance and low-temperature ductility.
On monolayer blown film lines, screw temperature profiles below 170°C are used to suppress gel formation; the maximum melt temperature at the die is 210°C for blends, and residence time at temperature should not exceed 15min. The melt pressure before the screen pack rises by 10–20% relative to LDPE because of the higher viscosity of EVA 1316, and extruder drives sized for the base LDPE may require derating throughput by 5–10% to avoid over-torque. Published data for this specific configuration is limited in public literature, but the operational boundary is well established by film converting trials that measure gel counts and melt-pressure variation as leading indicators of bubble instability.
Extrusion lamination lines running EVA 1316 as a tie layer or sealant web require melt temperatures at the die of 240–280°C because lower temperatures produce insufficient adhesion to aluminium foil and primed polyester. The maximum safe melt temperature is 285°C; above this limit acetic acid evolution is measurable and crosslinked gels can form in the die lip. Draw-down ratios of 20:1 to 40:1 are achievable when the melt is extruded through a coat-hanger die with a die gap of 0.8–1.2mm and the substrate is pre-treated with polyethyleneimine primer at 0.05–0.10g/m². Peel strength on foil at 15µm coating thickness, measured by ASTM F904, typically falls between 2.0 and 4.0N/15 mm. Neck-in is controlled by blending with LDPE at 30–50wt%, although the blend reduces oxygen barrier and flavour retention relative to pure EVA sealant layers.
The screw configuration for lamination grade EVA 1316 should use a barrier screw with L/D of 30:1 and a compression ratio between 2.5:1 and 3.0:1. In multi-layer coextrusion structures with aluminium foil, the melt curtain is cooled on a chill roll held at 15–20°C; roll speed differential and air knife settings are adjusted to prevent melt curtain flutter that creates transverse gauge bands. Thickness variation is evaluated gravimetrically per ASTM D4321 or by beta gauge, and coating weight is maintained at ±5% of target to ensure peel adhesion consistency across the web width.
Masterbatch producers select EVA 1316 as a carrier for carbon black and organic pigment concentrates destined for polyolefin film and injection molding because the 16wt% vinyl acetate content improves pigment wetting compared with neat LDPE, while the 1.8g/10 min melt flow index matches many let-down resins without causing melt-fracture in film grade dilution. In twin-screw masterbatch compounding, carbon black loadings of 40–50wt% are feasible if the extruder has an L/D of 48:1 and a mixing section with kneading blocks arranged for high dispersive shear. The melt temperature should be limited to 220°C at the die to prevent oxidative gel formation; a vacuum vent at -0.08MPa removes moisture and low-volatility oligomers. Let-down ratios of 2–5% are standard in film, and filter pressure rise per EN 13900-5 can be used to rank dispersion quality; pressure rise below 0.5MPa/min is typically considered acceptable for film-grade black masterbatch.
EVA 1316 is not suitable as a carrier for high-melt-flow spunbond nonwoven masterbatch because its viscosity is too high for uniform dispersion at high let-down ratios exceeding 1% in high-MFR polypropylene. In that application, a higher-MFR EVA or an acrylic-based carrier would be required to avoid undispersed pigment agglomerates and spinneret clogging. For polyolefin film and injection molding concentrates, however, the polarity and melt stability of EVA 1316 support a wider processing window than unmodified LDPE carrier resins.
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HANWHA EVA 1316 is an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer supplied by Hanwha TotalEnergies Petrochemical. The grade carries a nominal vinyl acetate content of 18 wt%, a melt flow rate of 1.6 g/10 min when determined at 190 °C under 2.16 kg load according to ISO 1133-1, and a density of approximately 0.939 g/cm³ per ISO 1183-1. The acetate comonomer suppresses crystallinity relative to LDPE homopolymers and yields a Shore A hardness near 90 per ISO 868, Vicat softening temperature near 61 °C per ISO 306, and a DSC melting peak near 84 °C per ISO 11357-3. These values are representative rather than specification limits and place the grade between low-VA EVA materials and high-VA adhesive resins. Primary conversion routes include foam expansion, compression molding, profile extrusion, and general compounding.
| Property | Test method | Typical value |
|---|---|---|
| Vinyl acetate content | ISO 8985 | 18 wt% |
| Melt flow rate 190 °C/2.16 kg | ISO 1133-1 | 1.6 g/10 min |
| Density | ISO 1183-1 | 0.939 g/cm³ |
| Tensile strength at break | ISO 527-2 | 15 MPa |
| Elongation at break | ISO 527-2 | 650% |
| Flexural modulus | ISO 178 | 45 MPa |
| Shore A hardness | ISO 868 | 90 |
| Vicat softening temperature A50 | ISO 306 | 61 °C |
| Melting point by DSC | ISO 11357-3 | 84 °C |
In foam expansion, the practical thermal window is constrained by the competing kinetics of peroxide crosslinking and azodicarbonamide blowing agent decomposition. Compression molding lines operating with HANWHA EVA 1316 commonly run at press temperatures between 150 °C and 170 °C, with total dwell times of 6–10 min. Dicumyl peroxide has a half-life of approximately 1 min at 171 °C and approximately 6.5 min at 150 °C; azodicarbonamide decomposition onset is typically observed near 195–205 °C in the dry state but shifts lower in the presence of zinc oxide and stearic acid. The exothermic decomposition of azodicarbonamide can raise local melt temperature by 10–20 °C. If peroxide crosslinking advances before the blowing agent releases gas, the rising melt viscosity restricts bubble growth; if gas evolves before sufficient crosslink density is reached, cell walls rupture and density reduction becomes erratic.
A processing window of approximately ±5 °C around the optimum foaming temperature is common in production presses. Heated hydraulic presses with edge-to-center distances above 200 mm often show surface temperature differences of 3–5 °C, which can translate into density differences of 0.02–0.04 g/cm³ across the foamed part. Co-rotating twin-screw extruders used to prepare foam compound are typically configured with L/D 32:1, with screw speeds from 80–150 rpm and melt temperatures held below 200 °C at the die to prevent premature gas evolution in the barrel. Cavity pressure transducers and flush-mounted thermocouples provide real-time process control; deviations greater than 3 °C from the established center profile are typically corrected before the next charge.
In continuous foam sheet extrusion, physical blowing agents such as isobutane or carbon dioxide are injected into the melt at 3–8 wt% of polymer throughput. Melt temperature control above 180 °C but below 200 °C is required to maintain gas solubility; die pressure above 4 MPa prevents pre-foaming before the lip exit. Extruders with L/D 40:1 and mixing sections provide residence time distribution narrow enough to avoid stagnant zones where deacetylation can occur.
Thermal deacetylation of the vinyl acetate segments becomes measurable above 220 °C; acetic acid evolution is autocatalytic once initiated. Residence times above 15 min at melt temperatures above 210 °C can produce amber discoloration, gel formation, and a loss in elongation at break greater than 20%. The material should therefore be kept below 200 °C for normal processing, and screw shutdowns should be followed by purging with a low-viscosity LDPE having a melt flow rate of 4–7 g/10 min.
On twin-screw compounding lines with L/D 32:1 and side-feed capability, HANWHA EVA 1316 accepts calcium carbonate loadings up to 40 wt% while retaining enough cohesive strength for subsequent sheet extrusion, although loadings above 20 wt% raise compound viscosity and require screw torque limits above 85 N·m on laboratory co-rotating machines. Pre-drying at 60–70 °C for 2–4 h is required when pellets have been stored at relative humidity above 60% or when surface condensation is present; the dew point of the drying air should be below −20 °C. A barrel temperature profile from 140 °C at the feed throat to 185 °C at the die is typical for profile extrusion, with melt temperature measured at the die by an infrared pyrometer held at 180–190 °C.
The grade is not recommended for hot-melt adhesive systems requiring low melt viscosity; its melt flow rate of 1.6 g/10 min corresponds to a high-viscosity melt that limits thin-film coat weight control. Where high-speed extrusion coating is required, higher melt flow rate EVA grades or LDPE blends are used instead. In wire and cable compounds, EVA 1316 provides a balance of flexibility and filler acceptance, but resistivity and heat aging performance must be confirmed against IEC 60502 or the applicable cable design code before specification.
Injection molding of EVA 1316 into gaskets and seals requires clamp force sufficient to hold tool movement below 0.05 mm at the parting line; molders using machines below 800 kN may observe flash because of the material’s low melt viscosity at processing temperatures. Barrel zones from 150 °C to 190 °C, injection pressures of 60–100 MPa, and mold temperatures of 20–40 °C are typical. Screw decompression should be limited to 3–5 mm to prevent air entrapment and surface splay. Shrinkage after injection molding is anisotropic, typically 1.5–2.0% in the flow direction and 0.8–1.2% transverse to flow when measured after 24 h at 23 °C and 50% relative humidity.
Mold release is facilitated by a non-silicone external release agent; excessive release agent use above 0.1 g/batch can contaminate bonding surfaces in post-molded adhesion operations. Gate geometry should be adjusted to avoid high shear rates above 100,000 s⁻¹, which can cause localized deacetylation and visible streaking in transparent or translucent parts.
Where clarity and stiffness are not the governing requirements, EVA 1316 replaces LDPE homopolymer in applications requiring low-temperature flexibility and adhesion to polar substrates. The vinyl acetate segments reduce crystallinity and lower the Vicat softening temperature from approximately 90 °C for LDPE to approximately 61 °C for EVA 1316; flexural modulus decreases from a typical LDPE range of 200–250 MPa to approximately 45 MPa. The same structural modification increases dielectric constant at 1 MHz from approximately 2.3 for LDPE to approximately 2.8 for EVA 1316 and increases dissipation factor from approximately 0.0003 to 0.005, which can be a limitation in high-frequency insulation but is generally acceptable in consumer foam and footwear applications.
| Property | EVA 1316 (18 wt% VA) | Lower-VA EVA (12–15 wt% VA) | LDPE homopolymer |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density | 0.939 g/cm³ | 0.945–0.950 g/cm³ | 0.923 g/cm³ |
| Vicat softening temperature A50 | 61 °C | 70–80 °C | 90–95 °C |
| Flexural modulus | 45 MPa | 70–100 MPa | 200–250 MPa |
| Shore A hardness | 90 | 94–96 | 95–98 |
| Elongation at break | 650% | 500–600% | 500–700% |
Compared with lower-VA EVA grades, EVA 1316 exhibits lower crystallinity and lower heat distortion resistance, but greater elongation at break and improved flexural fatigue resistance. This shifts its use away from rigid thermoformed articles and toward foamed cushioning, gaskets, and seals that require repeated compressive cycling. Blends of EVA 1316 with LDPE are used to increase melt strength in blown film lines; however, LDPE addition above 15 wt% significantly raises haze and reduces adhesion to polar substrates.
Compared with high-MI EVA copolymers used in injection molding, the 1.6 g/10 min melt flow rate of EVA 1316 increases melt pressure and limits thin-wall flow length below 1 mm sections. For complex multicavity tools, gas-assisted injection or higher melt temperatures near 190 °C are required.
For compression-molded footwear midsoles, HANWHA EVA 1316 is typically formulated with 100 phr base resin, 2.0–3.5 phr azodicarbonamide, 0.8–1.2 phr dicumyl peroxide, 1.0–2.0 phr zinc oxide, and 10–20 phr calcium carbonate. The compound is first dispersed in an internal mixer or two-roll mill at 110–130 °C for 8–12 min, then sheeted and die-cut for press loading. Mold cavity dimensions are designed with an expansion allowance of 40–60% in thickness and 5–10% in length/width, depending on mold venting and press closure speed. Ejected foam densities typically fall between 0.15 g/cm³ and 0.25 g/cm³, with Shore C hardness values of 45–65 when measured per ASTM D2240 or ISO 868.
Cell structure in molded foam is controlled by the temperature ramp rate, typically 3–5 °C/min through the blowing agent decomposition step. Faster ramps above 8 °C/min induce coarse, anisotropic cells and high tear sensitivity; slower ramps below 2 °C/min can produce thick skins and excessive density at the mold surface. Apparent density of the foamed midsoles is measured per ISO 845; post-expansion shrinkage of 2–4% within the first 24 h after demolding is managed by ambient conditioning at 23 °C and 50% relative humidity before dimensional inspection.
Storage at ambient temperatures below 30 °C and relative humidity below 60% is specified by the supplier to minimize moisture pickup and antioxidant consumption. The pellets incorporate a phenolic antioxidant system; prolonged storage beyond 12 months can reduce oxidative induction time and should be verified by ISO 11357-6 differential scanning calorimetry before use. Regulatory documentation for the European Union should be requested under REACH Regulation EC No 1907/2006 and Directive 2011/65/EU (RoHS 2); food-contact status is not assumed unless a specific grade and conversion line have been validated against the applicable national migration standard.
