| HS Code | 945145 |
| Vinyl Acetate Content | 28% |
| Melt Flow Index | 5 g/10min (190°C, 2.16kg) |
| Density | 0.950 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 70°C |
| Vicat Softening Point | 50°C |
| Tensile Strength At Break | 5.5 MPa |
| Elongation At Break | 800% |
| Hardness | 70 Shore A |
| Brittleness Temperature | -70°C |
| Refractive Index | 1.47 |
As an accredited HANWHA EVA 1328 factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | HANWHA EVA 1328 is supplied in 25 kg polyethylene bags, palletized and shrink-wrapped for safe transport. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL container loaded with HANWHA EVA 1328 resin, packed in palletized bags, safely secured and weight-optimized for transport. |
| Shipping | HANWHA EVA 1328 is a non-hazardous ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin supplied as solid pellets. Ship in clean, dry containers or woven bags with moisture protection. Avoid excessive heat and direct sunlight. Handle gently to prevent bag damage. Store in a cool, ventilated area and protect from contamination during transit. |
| Storage | Store HANWHA EVA 1328 in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight, heat sources, and open flames. Keep containers tightly sealed to prevent moisture absorption and contamination. Avoid storage above 30°C to reduce blocking or sticking. Maintain adequate separation from strong oxidizers and comply with local regulations. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life: typically 12 months when stored in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and moisture. |
Compounding HANWHA EVA 1328 for compression-molded footwear midsoles begins with mastication on a two-roll mill at 80–95 °C or in an intermeshing internal mixer with discharge temperature not exceeding 110 °C. The vinyl acetate content of 28 wt% reduces crystallinity relative to low-VA EVA grades and permits the addition of azodicarbonamide at 2.0–4.0 phr, dicumyl peroxide at 0.6–1.0 phr, zinc oxide at 0.5–1.5 phr, stearic acid at 0.3–0.8 phr, and precipitated calcium carbonate at 0–15 phr. DCP must be added last at a stock temperature below 105 °C; a torque rise of 10 % above the rheometer minimum torque at 150 °C is commonly used as the scorch threshold in production control. The MFR of HANWHA EVA 1328 is specified at 3 g/10 min under ISO 1133-1:2022, condition 190 °C/2.16 kg, and this moderate melt strength supports closed-cell expansion during press curing at 160–175 °C for 7–12 min. Final midsole density is controlled between 0.12 g/cm³ and 0.25 g/cm³ by adjusting blowing agent ratio, mold filling ratio, and cure ramp; tensile properties are evaluated under ASTM D3574-17 and tear resistance under ASTM D624-20. Batch-to-batch density drift is observed when recycled edge trim content exceeds 10 wt%, as crosslinked domains cannot homogenize with fresh compound.
Moisture on the vinyl acetate phase is less severe than in polyester elastomers, but pre-drying at 60 °C for 2 h is recommended when storage RH exceeds 60 %; residual moisture above 0.05 wt% produces surface blisters during expansion. Mold release agents requiring amine-functional chemistries should be excluded because basic species accelerate vinyl acetate hydrolysis above 180 °C, creating acetic acid odor and surface tack. The same restriction applies to recycled compound contaminated with polyamide edge trim.
The polar vinyl acetate phase of HANWHA EVA 1328 permits aluminum trihydroxide loadings up to 180 phr without the gross phase separation observed in LLDPE-based halogen-free flame retardant compounds at equivalent filler volume fractions. A practical compounding formulation consists of EVA 1328 at 100 phr, aluminum trihydroxide at 100–180 phr, magnesium dihydrate at 20–60 phr, zinc borate at 5–12 phr, silane coupling agent at 0.3–1.0 phr, hindered phenol antioxidant at 0.3–0.8 phr, and processing aid at 1–3 phr. Because the MFR is 3 g/10 min, the melt viscosity is higher than HFFR grades designed for high-speed sheathing; twin-screw compounding should be performed on lines with L/D ≥ 40:1, downstream side feeding at 40–60 % of total filler addition, and barrel temperatures held at 130–160 °C. Processing above 180 °C triggers premature ATH dehydration, generating water vapor porosity and increasing sheath surface roughness.
Flame performance is verified by IEC 60332-1-2:2015 vertical flame propagation; compounds with ≥ 160 phr ATH commonly achieve the charred-portion criterion, but published data for this specific EVA 1328 configuration is limited and should be confirmed on the actual cable construction. Acid gas emission under IEC 60754-1:2011 requires pH ≥ 4.3 and conductivity ≤ 10 µS/mm; smoke density under IEC 61034-2:2005 is typically specified as light transmittance ≥ 60 %. The limiting oxygen index determined under ISO 4589-2:2017 can exceed 36 % with ATH loadings above 160 phr, but tensile strength drops steeply at filler volume fractions above 45 vol%.
| Standard | Parameter | Acceptance criterion |
|---|---|---|
| IEC 60332-1-2 | Vertical flame propagation | Charred portion below upper mark |
| IEC 60754-1 | Acid gas pH | ≥ 4.3 |
| IEC 60754-1 | Conductivity | ≤ 10 µS/mm |
| IEC 61034-2 | Smoke density | Light transmittance ≥ 60 % |
| ISO 4589-2 | Limiting oxygen index | ≥ 36 % at ≥ 160 phr ATH |
Extrusion of closed-cell crosslinked sheet from HANWHA EVA 1328 depends on decoupling blowing agent decomposition and peroxide crosslinking kinetics. Azodicarbonamide decomposes near 195–205 °C, while dicumyl peroxide enters rapid decomposition above 170 °C; a two-stage forced-air oven with first zone set at 165–175 °C and second zone set at 200–215 °C is employed to initiate cure before full gas evolution. Sheet thickness in continuous electron-beam crosslinking is restricted to 5 mm or less at absorbed doses of 60–120 kGy, because dose penetration gradients produce uneven crosslink density. The vinyl acetate content of 28 wt% lowers the crystalline melting point and improves impact flexibility at low temperature, while final foam density between 0.08 g/cm³ and 0.20 g/cm³ is achieved by adjustment of blowing agent at 3–8 phr, not by screw speed changes alone.
Production-scale equipment behavior shows that open-mill blending before sheet extrusion must hold stock temperature below 105 °C; localized hot spots above 125 °C create pre-crosslinked gel particles that appear as hard inclusions in calendered sheet. Cell structure is assessed by image analysis of cross sections from ASTM D3574-17 foam specimens, and compression force deflection is measured under ASTM D3574-17 Test C. Pre-drying at 60 °C for 2 h is necessary when pellet moisture exceeds 0.05 wt%, particularly after storage in unlined bulk containers in ambient conditions above 70 % RH. Outdoor exposure of unpigmented EVA foam sheet causes surface oxidation; carbon black at 2–3 wt% or UV absorber packages are required for automotive interior components with service life exceeding 10 years.
Blends of HANWHA EVA 1328 with linear low-density polyethylene in 70:30 to 50:50 ratios are extruded through single-screw lines of L/D 24:1–30:1 with compression ratio between 2.5:1 and 3.5:1. Barrel temperatures are maintained at 130–150 °C and die temperature at 150–170 °C; higher EVA fraction reduces Shore A hardness and increases elongation at break, but the continuous service temperature should remain at least 10 °C below the Vicat softening point of the compound. The density of EVA 1328 is 0.950 g/cm³ under ASTM D792-20, and melt flow rate is 3 g/10 min under ISO 1133-1:2022, which imposes lower output rates than LDPE extrusion grades and requires breaker plates with 20–30 % open area to control head pressure.
Weatherability limits are defined by vinyl acetate content. Outdoor gasket profiles in black formulations require carbon black dispersion at 2–3 wt% with a micropelletized carrier that does not introduce moisture; non-black compounds require hindered amine light stabilizer at 0.2–0.5 wt% and a benzotriazole UV absorber at 0.2–0.5 wt%. Tensile strength and elongation at break are tested under ISO 37:2017 using type 2 dumbbells, and compression set is determined under ISO 815-1:2019 at 23 °C for 24 h. Silicone-based external lubricants are preferred over amide-based slip additives because amide migration can accelerate surface oxidation of the vinyl acetate phase.
In counter-rotating twin-screw compounding of mass-loaded acoustic barrier sheet, EVA 1328 serves as the binder for barium sulfate at 300–600 phr, calcium carbonate at 50–150 phr, zinc stearate at 1.5–3.0 phr, paraffinic processing oil at 5–15 phr, and stearic acid at 0.5–1.0 phr. The polar vinyl acetate phase wets high-specific-gravity filler surfaces more effectively than nonpolar polyolefin binders, and the moderate melt flow rate of 3 g/10 min permits the compound to enter a calendering gap without edge tearing. Barrel temperatures are held at 130–160 °C with vacuum venting at -0.08 MPa to remove moisture introduced by mineral fillers. Sheet thickness of 2–5 mm is calendered and cooled on polished rolls; density reaches 2.0–2.5 g/cm³ depending on filler loading.
Sound transmission loss is measured under ISO 10140-2:2021 in a coupled reverberation chamber; mass-law behavior dominates above the coincident frequency, but low-temperature flexibility remains sufficient for trimming and thermoforming. Published data for EVA 1328 in this specific configuration is limited, so pilot-scale trials should compare mass per unit area at 2 kg/m² and 5 kg/m² against candidate filled EPDM or PVC barriers. Process limitations include screw torque rise when barium sulfate loading exceeds 600 phr, and filler agglomerates above 75 µm create surface defects in thin-gauge sheet; mesh screening at 80 mesh is recommended before calendering.
| Component | Loading window | Function |
|---|---|---|
| EVA 1328 | 100 phr | Binder matrix |
| Barium sulfate | 300–600 phr | Mass loading |
| Calcium carbonate | 50–150 phr | Secondary filler |
| Zinc stearate | 1.5–3.0 phr | Internal lubricant |
| Paraffinic oil | 5–15 phr | Viscosity adjustment |
| Stearic acid | 0.5–1.0 phr | Acid scavenger |
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Designated under the manufacturer’s EVA grade structure as HANWHA EVA 1328, the material is a random ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymer produced by high-pressure polymerisation. The producer bulletin identifies a nominal vinyl acetate incorporation of 13 wt% by Fourier-transform infrared analysis, aligned with ASTM D5594, and a melt mass-flow rate of 28 g/10 min determined at 190 °C under a 2.16 kg load in accordance with ASTM D1238-20. Density is stated as 0.932 g/cm³ by ASTM D1505. In general industrial use, the grade is directed toward injection-moulded closures, thin-wall packaging, masterbatch carrier resins, hot-melt adhesive compounding, wax modification, and foamed products in which low viscosity at processing temperature is more important than load-bearing strength. Compared with low-flow EVA grades at the same 13 wt% VA level, HANWHA EVA 1328 fills thin sections more rapidly and generates lower mould-filling pressure, but it produces lower tensile strength and lower resistance to slow crack growth in the finished part. These values are typical lot-average data, not a batch release specification.
| Property | Test method | Typical value |
|---|---|---|
| Vinyl acetate content | ASTM D5594 | 13 wt% |
| Melt flow rate, 190 °C/2.16 kg | ASTM D1238-20 | 28 g/10 min |
| Density | ASTM D1505 | 0.932 g/cm³ |
| Tensile strength at break | ASTM D638-14, Type IV, 500 mm/min | 9.8 MPa |
| Elongation at break | ASTM D638-14 | 700% |
| Hardness | ASTM D2240 | 35 Shore D |
| Melting point by DSC | ASTM D3418 | 88 °C |
| Vicat softening point, 10 N | ASTM D1525 | 58 °C |
On compounding lines equipped with a 40:1 L/D co-rotating twin-screw extruder, processing of HANWHA EVA 1328 is typically run with barrel set-points from 130 °C to 170 °C and a die temperature below 180 °C. Because the melt flow rate is 28 g/10 min, the grade reduces motor torque when high loadings of calcium carbonate, crumb rubber, or flame-retardant fillers are introduced through a downstream side feeder. Production-scale observations on 75 mm extruders indicate that melt-pressure fluctuations at the die are lower for high-flow EVA than for a 4 g/10 min grade, although published data for this specific configuration is limited. The resin is not considered hygroscopic; pre-drying is not routinely required unless the material has been stored in an environment above 60% relative humidity, where a dehumidified-air hopper dryer at 50 °C for 2 h can be applied to remove surface condensation. Hot-melt blending in a sigma-blade mixer is usually conducted between 150 °C and 170 °C; prolonged hold time above 190 °C can generate acetic acid odour and darken the melt.
In comparison with a 4 g/10 min EVA at the same 13 wt% VA content, the high melt flow of EVA 1328 is associated with shorter average chain length and a lower apparent viscosity across the shear-rate range typical of injection moulding. Moulding trials using 2 mm-thick ASTM test plaques on an 80 t hydraulic injection machine have shown that the 28 g/10 min grade can be processed with a melt temperature of 175–190 °C and a mould temperature of 25–30 °C at injection pressures that are 18–25% lower than those required for a 4 g/10 min control under the same cavity geometry; this figure is equipment-dependent and should be confirmed on the target mould. The faster plastication rate reduces cycle time in thin-wall parts where cooling dominates, although the difference narrows in thick sections where cooling time is determined by part mass rather than injection rate. The mechanical consequence is a reduction in ultimate tensile strength and increased moulded-in orientation; designers should not transfer loading requirements from a low-melt-index EVA part without revalidation.
Within the same melt-flow class, VA content differentiates copolymer polarity, flexibility, and thermal behaviour. At 13 wt% VA, the product is stiffer and more thermally resistant than 18 wt% and 28 wt% VA grades; higher VA grades exhibit lower crystalline melting range, higher clarity in some applications, and greater filler and tackifier compatibility. Conversely, 13 wt% VA gives better blocking resistance and lower surface tack than higher-VA grades. The use of EVA 1328 in hot-melt adhesives is therefore limited to systems where cohesion and heat resistance are valued over low-temperature substrate wetting.
For crosslinked closed-cell foam production, high-flow EVA 1328 is employed primarily to disperse azodicarbonamide blowing agents and peroxide crosslinking agents in short-cycle internal mixers. The high melt index reduces batch temperature rise during carbon black or calcium carbonate addition, which is critical because premature peroxide decomposition occurs at temperatures above approximately 140–150 °C. In laboratory foaming trials, EVA formulations containing 0.6–1.0 phr dicumyl peroxide require gel-content testing in accordance with ASTM D2765 to confirm the cure state; published data for HANWHA EVA 1328 in this exact system is limited. Foam density is set by blowing-agent loading and processing temperature rather than by resin grade alone; nonetheless, a 13 wt% VA high-flow grade reduces the compression set of foam only when compared with lower-VA ethylene-rich grades, whereas higher-VA grades such as 18 wt% and 28 wt% produce softer, more uniformly expanded foam at higher raw-material cost.
Hot-melt adhesive formulators use low-VA high-flow EVA as a modifier where a lower melt index EVA would cause spraying or roller-transfer viscosity to exceed the operating limit of the application head. EVA 1328 is introduced into hydrocarbon resin and wax mixes at 150–170 °C; high-VA alternatives provide greater adhesion to polar substrates but also raise melt viscosity and increase the risk of stringing during nozzle application. The selection of 13 wt% VA in EVA 1328 is therefore positioned between unmodified LDPE and high-VA EVA for stiffness, compatibility with paraffinic waxes, and moderate elongation.
Regulatory status is end-use dependent. The producer occasionally lists resin compliance with FDA 21 CFR 177.1350 for ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymers in food-contact articles, but the finished article must meet overall migration and extraction limits under the intended conditions of use. In the European Union, compliance with Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 requires migration testing per EN 1186-1 and supporting documentation. Industrial users should also verify the absence of Substances of Very High Concern above 0.1 wt% under REACH and confirm conformance to Directive 2011/65/EU as amended if the article falls within RoHS scope. These statements are not a substitute for a supplier declaration for a specific production lot.
| Requirement | Applicability | Verification standard |
|---|---|---|
| Food-contact resin identity | EVA copolymer articles | 21 CFR 177.1350 |
| EU food-contact compliance | Finished article migration testing | Regulation (EU) No 10/2011, EN 1186-1 |
| REACH SVHC threshold | Substance content above 0.1 wt% | Producer declaration |
| RoHS restricted substances | Electrical and electronic equipment articles | Directive 2011/65/EU as amended |
| Quality management | Manufacturing consistency | ISO 9001 |
In injection moulding machines with 20:1 to 24:1 L/D general-purpose screws and 25–35 mm diameters, HANWHA EVA 1328 does not require low-compression screws or grooved barrels. Mould temperature should be kept between 25 °C and 40 °C; high mould temperatures can extend cooling time and induce surface tack. The product should be protected from contamination by amine-based processing stabilisers or amine-functional masterbatch additives, because residual vinyl acetate groups can react at high melt temperatures to produce acetic acid odour and lower melt pH. This incompatibility is shared with other EVA grades and is not specific to EVA 1328, but the high processing temperatures required by high-speed injection can accelerate the effect. Batch-to-batch differences in melt index and VA content are normally stated on the certificate of analysis; incoming resin should be sampled according to ASTM D3892 and tested against the producer’s specification before use in regulated articles.
Insulated wire and cable applications are not generally served by 28 g/10 min EVA because the low melt strength and high deformation under compressive load are unsuitable for conductor coating at high line speeds. Cable formulators normally select EVA grades with melt flow rates of 2–4 g/10 min and VA contents from 18 wt% to 33 wt% to achieve the required flame-retardant filler loading and heat deflection after crosslinking. EVA 1328 is therefore positioned as an injection or compounding grade rather than an extrusion-coating grade.
Footwear foam compounders often employ EVA 1328 as a blend partner with ethylene-propylene-diene monomer rubber to reduce compound viscosity in Banbury mixing. A typical Banbury cycle starts at 80 °C and is dropped below 120 °C when peroxide curatives are present; the high-flow grade improves incorporation of silica or calcium carbonate filler. However, final foam hardness is controlled by blend ratio, filler type, and expansion ratio, so compression-set testing per ASTM D395 is recommended before lot approval.
