| HS Code | 495058 |
| Vinyl Acetate Content | 18 wt% |
| Melt Flow Rate 190 C 2 16 Kg | 2.0 g/10min |
| Density | 0.938 g/cm³ |
| Tensile Strength At Break | 16.7 MPa |
| Elongation At Break | 700% |
| Hardness Shore A | 88 |
| Melting Point | 85 °C |
| Vicat Softening Temperature | 65 °C |
| Brittleness Temperature | -70 °C |
| Volume Resistivity | >10^15 ohm·cm |
As an accredited HANWHA EVA 2020 Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | HANWHA EVA 2020 is supplied as pellets in 25 kg multi-wall paper bags, palletized and stretch-wrapped for safe transport. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL of Hanwha EVA 2020: packed in 25kg bags on pallets, stowed securely, moisture-protected, for safe transport. |
| Shipping | HANWHA EVA 2020 is shipped as solid pellets in 25 kg bags, palletized and stretch-wrapped for moisture protection. Keep dry, avoid direct sunlight, and store below 30°C. Non-hazardous per regulations, but handle with care to prevent dust and static accumulation. Ensure adequate ventilation. |
| Storage | Store HANWHA EVA 2020 in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from direct sunlight, heat, and ignition sources. Keep containers tightly sealed to prevent moisture absorption and contamination. Avoid contact with strong oxidizers. Under proper conditions, shelf life is typically one year from date of manufacture. |
| Shelf Life | Store in a cool, dry place away from sunlight; shelf life is typically two years from manufacture date. |
On compression-moulding lines producing closed-cell midsole blanks from HANWHA EVA 2020, a copolymer with a nominal vinyl acetate content of 20 wt%, the material is first banded on a two-roll mill set to 85–100 °C before azodicarbonamide and dicumyl peroxide are dispersed. The comonomer content is read from the grade designation, but batch responsibility remains with the converter: the exact vinyl acetate concentration is verified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy or by the supplier certificate, and the melt flow rate is determined according to ISO 1133-1:2022 at 190 °C and 2.16 kg. Because 20 wt% VA lies at the lower end of midsole foam grades, the crystallization window is broader and the melting endotherm under ISO 11357-3:2018 is typically observed between 70 °C and 90 °C. In a 75 L internal mixer with a fill factor of 0.70–0.80, a batch can be mixed at a rotor speed of 30–40 rpm and dropped onto the mill at 105–115 °C; exceeding 120 °C before sheeting can initiate premature gas evolution because azodicarbonamide, in the presence of zinc oxide and stearic acid, begins to decompose below its neat exothermic peak of 195–210 °C. The crosslinking system is normally dicumyl peroxide at 0.6–1.0 phr on an active basis, with a one-hour half-life near 135 °C; this imposes a cure plateau above 150 °C in the press. Foam density after demoulding is measured by the method of ISO 845, and values between 0.15 g/cm³ and 0.35 g/cm³ are typical for midsoles; the lower-VA grade gives higher Shore A hardness and lower resilience than formulations based on 28 wt% VA copolymers. Tensile and compression properties are tested on cellular materials using ASTM D3575, while skin hardness is measured according to ASTM D2240-21. A typical formulation window is shown below; all ratios are based on 100 phr resin.
| Component | Range (phr) | Process or property control parameter |
|---|---|---|
| EVA 2020 | 100 | Base resin; vinyl acetate content controls crystallinity, hardness, and filler acceptance |
| Azodicarbonamide | 2.0–4.0 | Gas yield approximately 220 ml/g at standard temperature and pressure; decomposition onset lowered by zinc oxide |
| Dicumyl peroxide, active basis | 0.6–1.0 | Crosslinking; one-hour half-life near 135 °C, cure cycle set above this temperature |
| Zinc oxide | 1.0–3.0 | Kicker for ADC decomposition and activator for peroxide cure |
| Stearic acid | 0.5–1.0 | Internal release agent; excess increases die deposit |
| Calcium carbonate | 5–20 | Nucleation and shrinkage reduction; raises hardness and density |
In hot-melt assembly lines, a 20 wt% VA EVA enters the formulation as a higher-viscosity, lower-polarity polymer relative to 28–33 wt% VA grades. The copolymer is charged into a jacketed sigma-blade or vertical mixer maintained at 160–180 °C with hydrocarbon tackifier, microcrystalline wax, and a hindered phenolic antioxidant; the molten adhesive is then transferred to a heated application roller or nozzle system. Viscosity is measured with a Brookfield thermocell according to ASTM D3236 at 180 °C, and packaging-grade formulations are frequently controlled between 1.0 Pa·s and 3.5 Pa·s to maintain clean wheel-applicator transfer. The reduced VA content leaves a more paraffinic, crystalline polymer backbone, which raises the ring-and-ball softening point under ASTM E28 and narrows the low-temperature adhesion window; published T-peel data for the exact grade is limited, but comparative systems with 20 wt% VA generally require higher tackifier loadings to reach equivalent loop tack on recycled board than 28 wt% VA grades. Thermal stability is assessed by sampling the adhesive after 24 h at 180 °C, with a common acceptance criterion of less than 15% increase in ASTM D3236 viscosity. Prolonged hold time above 190 °C accelerates deacetylation and acetic acid generation, which can corrode adhesive application heads and promote char formation; formulators should avoid excessive temperature and ensure that antioxidants are present at the start of the mixing cycle rather than added after viscosity build begins.
When a 20 wt% vinyl acetate copolymer is selected as a heat-seal layer in tandem extrusion coating, the resin is melted in a 90 mm single-screw extruder with an L/D ratio of 30:1 and a barrier screw, with barrel temperatures profiled from 150 °C at the feed throat to 230–250 °C at the die. The lower VA content reduces die build-up and neck-in compared with 28 wt% EVA but raises the minimum heat-seal initiation temperature; on a chill-roll line running at 120–180 m/min, the polymer is drawn down to a coating weight of 15–25 g/m² onto paper, board, or aluminium foil. Adhesion is controlled by corona treatment of the substrate to a surface energy of 38–42 mN/m before the molten web is applied. Heat-seal strength is tested by pressing two coated substrates at 120–150 °C and 0.3 MPa for 0.5 s, followed by tensile peeling per ASTM F88/F88M. For direct food contact, the finished structure must be verified against FDA 21 CFR 177.1350 for ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, and for European Union use the overall migration limit of 10 mg/dm² under Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 applies to the food-contact layer. The lower VA comonomer content can reduce seal strength at low temperatures, so the minimum seal temperature should be established on the production coating line rather than by differential scanning calorimetry alone.
PVC dry blends containing 5–20 phr of EVA 2020 are prepared in a hot mixer up to 110–120 °C before cooling and extrusion or calendering. The EVA phase acts as a polymeric impact modifier and fusion promoter; because 20 wt% VA provides limited polarity relative to 33 wt% or 40 wt% VA copolymers, the modifier is more appropriate for semi-rigid sheet and profiles than for highly plasticised flexible PVC. Fusion behaviour is monitored by torque rheometry according to ASTM D2538 at 170 °C and 60 rpm; the addition of EVA reduces fusion time and increases equilibrium torque relative to unmodified PVC. Impact modification is verified by notched Izod testing per ASTM D256-23 or Charpy impact per ISO 179-1:2023, with the actual loading selected by the required retention of flexural modulus under ISO 178 and Vicat softening temperature under ISO 306. Loadings above 20 phr can lower heat resistance and stiffness at elevated service temperatures, while loadings below 5 phr may be insufficient to shift the brittle-ductile transition in high-speed impact. The mixture also requires stabilizer selection compatible with the ester-containing EVA phase; high processing temperatures above 190 °C can accelerate deacetylation, so the compound should be monitored for volatile acetic acid during extrusion.
EVA with nominal 20 wt% VA is used as a polymer base in halogen-free flame-retardant cable jacketing, typically compounded with precipitated aluminium trihydroxide or magnesium dihydroxide at filler loadings of 120–180 phr. On a co-rotating twin-screw extruder with L/D 40:1 to 52:1 and screw speeds between 400 rpm and 800 rpm, the lower VA content makes the matrix less polar than 28 wt% VA grades, so side feeding of filler after the melt section is required to prevent torque peaks and local overheating. Dispersion is judged by filter pressure value and by tensile elongation retention after extrusion; poor dispersion appears as low elongation in the filled compound and can be traced to oversized filler aggregates. Flame retardance is assessed by limiting oxygen index according to ASTM D2863, with target values above 35% O₂ for jacketing compounds, and by the single-cable vertical flame propagation test of IEC 60332-1-2. Mechanical properties before and after thermal ageing are measured according to IEC 60811-501, with retention targets set by the cable specification and not by the resin supplier. The addition of 5–15 phr of a maleic anhydride-grafted polyolefin can improve filler wetting when tensile elongation is below specification; the optimum addition is determined on the production extruder because laboratory batch mixers do not reproduce the shear history of a 40:1 L/D corotating line.
Directly after pelletising, a 20 wt% VA copolymer can be used as a carrier resin for additive masterbatches in polyolefin films and mouldings. In a co-rotating twin-screw extruder with L/D 40:1 and side-fed filler, the polar ester group permits calcium carbonate loadings up to 40 wt% before the melt pressure rise across a 100 µm screen pack exceeds 5 MPa; the carrier melt flow rate per ISO 1133-1:2022 must be within 0.5 g/10 min of the dilution resin to avoid visible dispersion defects. The masterbatch is pelletized under water-ring or strand cooling, and the moisture content after drying at 60 °C for 2 h should be below 0.1% by ISO 15512:2019 before letdown into film lines, because residual surface water from pellet cooling can produce film splay.
Injection moulding of 20 wt% VA EVA components such as grips, caps, seals, and automotive interior parts is performed on conventional reciprocating-screw machines with melt temperatures between 180 °C and 210 °C and mould temperatures of 20–40 °C. The VA comonomer disrupts the polyethylene crystal lattice, reducing overall shrinkage relative to HDPE, but the 20 wt% VA grade retains enough crystallinity to produce anisotropic flow-direction and transverse-direction shrinkage. Mould shrinkage is measured after 24 h conditioning at 23 °C according to ISO 294-4:2018; packing pressure of 50–70 MPa and holding times of 3–8 s are used to control sink marks in gated parts. Insufficient packing results in internal voids and excessive shrinkage, while overpacking increases flash and freezes in residual stress. Drying is not normally required for unopened bags stored at 23 °C and 50% RH; however, material stored above 70% RH may require 2–3 h at 50–60 °C to suppress splay. The processing window is wide compared with EVA foam production, but the screw recovery time and melt pressure stability define the lower throughput limit on 80–150 t machines. For close-tolerance parts, shrinkage anisotropy is reduced by using lower injection speed near the gate and by raising mould temperature to 40 °C, which allows the crystalline fraction to relax before ejection; this change should be verified by measuring tensile properties under ISO 527-2:2012 and hardness under ASTM D2240-21, because higher mould temperature also reduces the cooling rate and may alter the degree of crystallinity in thick sections.
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Introduced by Hanwha Solutions as part of its ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer product line, HANWHA EVA 2020 Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer is a random copolymer with a nominal vinyl acetate content of 20 wt% and a melt index of 2.0 g/10 min determined at 190 °C under a 2.16 kg load in accordance with ASTM D1238. The resin is supplied in pellet form and is identified under CAS Registry Number 24937-78-8. Typical density is 0.940 g/cm³ by ASTM D1505. The molecular architecture contains random acetate side groups distributed along an ethylene backbone, reducing crystallinity relative to low-density polyethylene while retaining sufficient melt strength for injection molding and profile extrusion. The numerical designation is typically read as corresponding to the nominal 20 wt% vinyl acetate content and a 2.0 g/10 min melt index, although lot-specific values are controlled by certificate of analysis.
The grade is specified for applications requiring a balance of adhesion, flexibility, and processability. Unlike lower-VA grades, EVA 2020 provides higher polar surface adhesion and improved low-temperature flexibility. Unlike higher-VA grades, it retains higher hardness, higher tensile strength, and better heat resistance. These differences are exploited in hot-melt adhesives, crosslinked footwear foam, injection molded footwear components, wire and cable compounds, and polymer modification. The following sections provide the property window, processing limits, and comparative selection data.
| Property | Test method | Typical value |
|---|---|---|
| Vinyl acetate content | ASTM D5594 | 20 wt% |
| Melt index | ASTM D1238, 190 °C/2.16 kg | 2.0 g/10 min |
| Density | ASTM D1505 | 0.940 g/cm³ |
| DSC melting peak | ASTM D3418 | 82–86 °C |
| Vicat softening point | ASTM D1525 | 58–62 °C |
| Tensile strength at break | ASTM D638 | 12–16 MPa |
| Elongation at break | ASTM D638 | 700–800% |
| Flexural modulus | ASTM D790 | 30–50 MPa |
| Hardness | ASTM D2240 | 85–90 Shore A |
These values are typical ranges, not batch-certifying limits. Lot-specific certificates of analysis control moisture content, melt flow rate, vinyl acetate content, and additive package. Users should verify each specification against the purchase specification because additive formulations vary by grade and intended market.
Hot-melt adhesive compounding has been a primary application for 20 wt% VA EVA grades. In a typical high-tack packaging adhesive, EVA 2020 is melt-blended with 25–40 wt% rosin ester tackifier, 5–15 wt% Fischer-Tropsch wax, and 0.2–0.5 wt% antioxidant at 150–180 °C in a jacketed mixer. The polar acetate groups promote wetting of paper, board, wood, and polar plastic surfaces, while the ethylene segments maintain cohesive strength and heat resistance. In hot-melt systems, tackifier migration kinetics are affected by polar vinyl acetate content: 20 wt% VA increases tackifier compatibility relative to LDPE but does not produce the excessive plasticization observed with 28–33 wt% VA grades. Formulation adjustments are evaluated by heat-fail temperature under ASTM D4498 and by peel resistance under ASTM D1876. Because the melt index is 2.0 g/10 min, the formulation retains medium viscosity; high-speed sprayable recipes often dilute the resin with wax or switch to a higher melt index grade.
Crosslinked foam compounding is another volume application. EVA 2020 is milled at 100–120 °C with 2–5 phr azodicarbonamide, 0.5–1.2 phr dicumyl peroxide, 1–2 phr zinc oxide, and stearic acid. The sheet is then expanded in a press at 160–175 °C. The 20 wt% vinyl acetate content reduces crystallinity and allows uniform cell nucleation; however, if peroxide and blowing agent decomposition are not balanced, gas loss and foam collapse occur. Higher-VA grades produce softer foam, while lower-VA grades require higher blowing agent loadings to achieve comparable expansion at the same crosslink density.
The random incorporation of 20 wt% vinyl acetate reduces crystalline content from roughly 40–55% for low-density polyethylene to approximately 10–20%. This lowers the peak melting temperature to 82–86 °C and reduces Vicat softening to 58–62 °C. The amorphous regions increase segmental mobility, which improves low-temperature impact and environmental stress crack resistance under ASTM D1693 when compared with LDPE. However, the same structural change reduces tensile modulus and hardness and lowers the continuous-use temperature under load to approximately 60–70 °C.
Rheologically, EVA 2020 is a shear-thinning melt with a melt index of 2.0 g/10 min. At low shear, the melt has enough viscosity to retain shape during profile extrusion; at higher shear, apparent viscosity drops, allowing injection filling of thin sections. Melt strength is lower than high-pressure LDPE of similar melt index because the shorter ethylene sequences reduce entanglement density. This is measurable as reduced melt tension on a Göttfert Rheotens unit at 190 °C and limits drawdown ratios in sheet or film extrusion. In processing, this requires lower drawdown ratios and may require air cooling at the die to prevent sagging.
In production-scale co-rotating twin-screw compounding on a 40:1 L/D extruder, EVA 2020 is usually starve-fed with barrel set points from 130 °C at the feed throat to 170–180 °C in the mixing zones and 160–170 °C at the die. Screw speed is commonly 200–300 rpm, but specific energy input should remain below 0.18–0.22 kWh/kg to prevent local overheating. Feed-throat cooling is required because pellets soften above 60 °C and can bridge. If ambient relative humidity exceeds 60%, pre-drying at 60–70 °C for 4 h in a desiccant dryer prevents splay and surface defects. The resin can be processed on single-screw extruders with 24:1–30:1 L/D and 2.5:1–3.0:1 compression ratio, using a Maddock mixing section for homogenization. For injection molding, melt temperatures of 170–200 °C and mold temperatures of 20–40 °C are typical; packing pressure is lower than semicrystalline polypropylene of similar melt index.
Moving from a 15 wt% VA grade with equivalent melt index to EVA 2020 reduces hardness by approximately 5–8 Shore A points, reduces tensile strength by roughly 20–30%, and lowers Vicat softening by 5–8 °C, while increasing elongation at break and low-temperature flexibility. The melt-processing temperature can be reduced by 5–10 °C. Molds with high packing requirements may need lower packing pressure, and profile extrusion die settings may require a slight opening to compensate for reduced melt viscosity. The table below summarizes directional property changes relative to adjacent vinyl acetate contents at equivalent melt index.
| Property | Test method | 15 wt% VA reference | HANWHA EVA 2020 | 28 wt% VA reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominal VA content | ASTM D5594 | 15 wt% | 20 wt% | 28 wt% |
| Density | ASTM D1505 | 0.932 g/cm³ | 0.940 g/cm³ | 0.950 g/cm³ |
| Shore A hardness | ASTM D2240 | 90–95 | 85–90 | 75–80 |
| Tensile strength at break | ASTM D638 | 16–20 MPa | 12–16 MPa | 8–12 MPa |
| Elongation at break | ASTM D638 | 600–700% | 700–800% | 800–900% |
| Polar substrate adhesion | ASTM D1876 | Lower | Moderate | Higher |
| Low-temperature flexibility | ASTM D790 at -20 °C | Lower | Moderate | Higher |
| Heat resistance | ASTM D1525 | Higher | Moderate | Lower |
Relative to a higher-VA grade at equivalent melt index, EVA 2020 has higher hardness, higher tensile strength, and better heat resistance but lower elongation, lower clarity, and reduced adhesion to highly polar surfaces. The choice between grades is therefore governed by whether adhesion and softness or stiffness and heat resistance control the end-use requirement. Published data for this specific configuration is limited to the directional ranges above, so pilot-scale confirmation is required before replacing a qualified grade.
Thermal degradation by deacetylation is the primary processing constraint. At temperatures above 230 °C, acetic acid is liberated, causing yellowing, melt index drift, and corrosion of unprotected barrel surfaces. The practical upper melt-temperature limit is 210 °C, and residence time at temperature should be minimized. Equipment exposed to EVA 2020 should use nitrided or bimetallic barrels and stainless-steel downstream tooling where possible. The acetate group also undergoes hydrolysis when exposed to strong mineral acids or strong bases, especially above ambient temperature. Ketones, esters, and aromatic hydrocarbons such as methyl ethyl ketone and toluene swell or dissolve EVA 2020; contact should be avoided unless solvent bonding is explicitly intended. Amine-containing processing aids should be evaluated by accelerated aging because residual acetic acid from low-level deacetylation can reduce their long-term stability.
Regulatory status is lot-specific. Hanwha Solutions generally maintains REACH registration for EVA products placed on the EU market. RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU restrictions for lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, PBB, and PBDE are not intentionally added; compliance is confirmed by supplier declaration. For food-contact use, EVA 2020 is typically formulated to meet FDA 21 CFR 177.1350 when used in accordance with the regulation’s end-use limitations, but the specific certificate of compliance must be obtained for the purchased lot because additive packages vary. Medical-grade applications require additional ISO 10993 testing and are not implied by resin grade alone.
In peroxide-cured wire and cable insulation, EVA 2020 is selected for filler acceptance with aluminum trihydrate and magnesium hydroxide at loadings up to 150 phr. Cure behavior is monitored by moving-die rheometer per ISO 6502, with scorch time and torque reflecting vulcanization kinetics. The 20 wt% VA content provides better filler wetting than lower-VA grades and better heat resistance than higher-VA grades, making it a midpoint candidate for low-smoke halogen-free compounds. Published data for this specific configuration is limited, so compound development should include long-term oven aging per IEC 60811-401 to confirm retention of tensile elongation after thermal exposure.
