| HS Code | 875213 |
| Chemical Name | Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer |
| Cas Number | 24937-78-8 |
| Vinyl Acetate Content | 15% |
| Density | 0.937 g/cm3 |
| Melt Flow Rate | 2.0 g/10min (190°C/2.16kg) |
| Melting Point | 91°C |
| Vicat Softening Point | 63°C |
| Tensile Strength At Break | 24 MPa |
| Elongation At Break | 800% |
| Hardness | Shore A 94 |
As an accredited HANWHA EVA 2240 factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | HANWHA EVA 2240 is packaged in 25 kg multi-wall paper bags, palletized and shrink-wrapped for safe transport and storage. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL container loading of Hanwha EVA 2240: palletized resin bags, stable stacking, proper ventilation, and secure bracing for safe transport. |
| Shipping | HANWHA EVA 2240 is a non-hazardous ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin. Ship in clean, dry containers or laminated paper bags, protected from moisture, direct sunlight, and high temperatures. Avoid compaction and sharp objects. Handle with care to prevent bag damage, and store in a cool, ventilated area. |
| Storage | Store HANWHA EVA 2240 in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight, heat sources, and ignition. Keep containers tightly sealed to prevent moisture absorption and contamination. Avoid prolonged exposure to high temperatures, which may cause agglomeration or degradation. Follow standard polymer storage practices and use within the manufacturer’s recommended shelf life. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is typically 2 years from manufacture when stored in original packaging, away from heat, moisture, and direct sunlight. |
Twin-screw compounding of HANWHA EVA 2240 for expanded midsoles begins with the nominal 24 wt% vinyl acetate comonomer and a melt index of 4.0 g/10 min at 190 °C/2.16 kg when tested to ISO 1133-1:2022. In footwear expansion compounds, EVA 2240 is typically dry-blended with a lower-VA EVA grade to shift the melting range and reduce cold-flex stiffening. Azodicarbonamide addition levels between 2.8 phr and 4.2 phr produce as-molded foam densities from 0.16 g/cm³ to 0.24 g/cm³ when processing is kept below the blowing agent decomposition threshold. Dicumyl peroxide levels from 0.55 phr to 0.80 phr are balanced against the azodicarbonamide content; excess peroxide generates high gel content but can produce surface scorch. Zinc oxide at 1.0 phr to 2.0 phr and zinc stearate at 0.5 phr to 1.2 phr are introduced to moderate crosslinking and to prevent plate-out during Banbury or twin-screw compounding. Pelletizing is maintained below 95 °C die temperature to avoid premature peroxide decomposition. The compounded pellets are subsequently expanded in multi-plate compression presses or injection molding machines with mold temperature controlled to ±3 °C across the cavity. Gel content measured by boiling xylene extraction according to ASTM D2765 is used as a plant-level indicator of crosslink density, with typical midsole targets between 60% and 75%. Compression set is evaluated after ASTM D395-16 Method B, and sole hardness is controlled by adjusting azodicarbonamide loading and filler level. Uneven air entrapment and density gradients occur when mold temperature varies more than ±3 °C between center and edge cavities. Pre-drying mineral fillers to below 0.05% moisture is required at relative humidity above 60%; residual moisture causes pinholes and irregular cell structure. EVA 2240 brings higher vinyl acetate polarity that improves filler wetting in calcium carbonate loadings up to 15 wt%. For midsoles supplied to EU markets, the eight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons restricted under REACH Annex XVII entry 50 are routinely screened, with individual limits of 1 mg/kg for skin-contact rubber and foam articles. Published data for this specific EVA 2240 formulation configuration is limited beyond plant-scale experience.
Hot melt adhesive formulations built on EVA 2240 use the 24 wt% vinyl acetate content to balance hydrocarbon resin and wax compatibility with low-temperature flexibility. Typical starting points combine 30 wt% to 35 wt% EVA 2240 with 35 wt% to 45 wt% hydrogenated rosin ester or C9 hydrocarbon resin, 15 wt% to 25 wt% Fischer-Tropsch wax or paraffin, and 0.3 wt% to 0.8 wt% hindered phenolic antioxidant. Open time is governed by the crystallization rate of the polyethylene segments and the glass transition of the tackifier phase. Melt blending in a heated planetary mixer or vertical mixing vessel is held at 160 °C to 180 °C under nitrogen blanket to limit oxidative viscosity drift. Final Brookfield viscosity at 180 °C typically falls between 800 mPa·s and 1,500 mPa·s for packaging and carton closing adhesives, depending on wax and resin grade. Bonded specimens are pulled by T-peel per ASTM D1876; heat resistance of the adhesive bond is evaluated under a static shear load with a temperature ramp to failure per ASTM D4498. Processing limitation is significant above 190 °C: prolonged residence time initiates deacetylation and raises viscosity. Substrate suitability is limited by surface energy; untreated polyethylene film below 38 dyn/cm does not permit adequate wetting. Plasticized PVC packaging is not recommended as a bonded substrate because plasticizer migration weakens the adhesive interface over storage periods longer than 90 days at ambient temperature. For food packaging end use, the formulated adhesive must meet indirect food contact requirements under 21 CFR 175.105, and the formatter must verify that the EVA 2240 supplier documentation supports the specific packaging contact condition. Published data for EVA 2240 in high-speed carton sealing is limited, but the viscosity and vinyl acetate level place it within standard mid-VA hot melt architecture.
In halogen-free cable sheathing compounds, EVA 2240 is processed at 24 wt% vinyl acetate because the ester polarity assists dispersion of aluminum trihydroxide and magnesium dihydroxide fillers. Extruder barrel temperatures are deliberately constrained because aluminum trihydroxide releases water of crystallization from about 180 °C to 230 °C. A counter-rotating twin-screw extruder with 25:1 to 30:1 L/D and low compression screw elements is set with rear zones at 90 °C to 110 °C and front zones at 120 °C to 165 °C. The die is held at 160 °C to 175 °C; melt temperatures above 182 °C initiate visible surface roughness from dehydrated aluminum trihydroxide. Mineral fillers are pre-dried to below 0.05% moisture before silane treatment. Vinylsilane or amino-functional silane at 0.5 wt% to 1.0 wt% relative to filler enhances the ATH-EVA interface and reduces compound viscosity. Typical halogen-free sheathing compounds contain EVA 2240 at 30 wt% to 45 wt% of the polymer phase, with aluminum trihydroxide at 50 wt% to 65 wt% of total compound. High filler loadings reduce tensile elongation below practical limits if vinyl acetate content is too low. The compound is tested for tensile strength and elongation at break per IEC 60811-501, limiting oxygen index per ISO 4589-2, and smoke density per IEC 61034-2. Halogen acid gas content is assessed per IEC 60754-1; pH and conductivity of combustion effluent are assessed per IEC 60754-2. At filler loadings above 65 wt%, the strand becomes excessively brittle and cannot be pelletized without edge breakage. Plant extrusion trials with EVA 2240 show that die pressure must be kept below 180 bar to avoid excessive residence heat. Published data for this specific grade at production scale is limited; the boundaries above are typical for mid-VA EVA halogen-free insulation compounds.
| Process variable | Lower operating bound | Upper operating bound |
|---|---|---|
| Barrel zones 1–2 | 90 °C | 110 °C |
| Barrel zones 3–5 | 120 °C | 165 °C |
| Die temperature | 160 °C | 175 °C |
| Melt temperature upper limit | 165 °C | 182 °C |
| Aluminum trihydroxide filler loading | 50 wt% | 65 wt% |
Rigid and flexible PVC compounds can be impact modified with EVA 2240 when a balance of impact strength and flexural modulus is required. The 24 wt% vinyl acetate segment increases polarity and improves melt compatibility with PVC during high-shear mixing. Typical addition levels range from 3 phr to 8 phr in rigid outdoor profiles and from 10 phr to 25 phr in flexible sheet compounds. The modifier is combined with PVC resin, stabilizer, lubricants, and fillers in a high-intensity mixer to 110 °C, then cooled to below 45 °C before extrusion. Single-screw extruder zones are set between 150 °C and 175 °C to avoid PVC degradation. Impact strength is measured with a notched Charpy method per ISO 179-1:2010, while tensile yield and elongation are recorded per ISO 527-2:2012. The key operational boundary is melt temperature: above 185 °C, the EVA phase can begin thermal deacetylation and release acetic acid, which accelerates PVC stabilizer consumption. Ca-Zn stabilizer formulations should be used with a minimum 4 phr hydrotalcite-class acid scavenger to maintain long-term color. Food-contact modification is not typical; if used, the final article must comply with the relevant migration limits under 21 CFR 177.1350 or equivalent national regulation. Published data for EVA 2240 as a PVC modifier in commercial profiles is limited; the above addition ranges reflect screening work on similar mid-VA EVA grades.
For high carbon black masterbatch production, EVA 2240 is evaluated as a carrier resin at 10 wt% to 20 wt% of the carrier blend with LDPE or LLDPE, with carbon black loading between 40 wt% and 50 wt%. The process uses a two-stage continuous mixer discharging to a pelletizing extruder at 160 °C to 180 °C. Loading above 50 wt% carbon black drives melt fracture and elevated die pressure in single-screw pelletizing. The carrier blend must provide sufficient melt flow for pigment wetting and extensional flow in thin pellet strands. Compliance for food-contact masterbatch must be confirmed under 21 CFR 177.1350; the final article migration limits depend heavily on pigment selection and processing residuals.
Polyethylene blown film heat seal layers are modified with EVA 2240 at 5 wt% to 15 wt% of the seal layer blend to reduce seal initiation temperature and widen the sealing window. Blending is performed by gravimetric dosing ahead of a grooved-feed single-screw extruder with 30:1 L/D. Barrel profile from feed to die ranges 150 °C to 185 °C. Die gaps are set between 1.8 mm and 2.5 mm for conventional single-layer or coextruded seal layers. The resulting film is tested for heat seal strength per ASTM F88/F88M-15. Dart impact strength is measured per ASTM D1709-16a. The main processing constraint is incompatibility at high addition levels: above 15 wt% EVA 2240, the seal layer may lose optical clarity in LLDPE-rich blends. Seal initiation temperature reduction is evaluated by comparing heat seal strength at 90 °C, 100 °C, and 110 °C jaw temperatures. Food-contact seal layers must meet the appropriate olefin polymer article requirements under 21 CFR 177.1350 or 21 CFR 177.1520, with migration testing as required. Published data for this specific EVA grade in film sealing is limited; most published curves are generated on EVA with similar vinyl acetate content and melt index.
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HANWHA EVA 2240 is a pelletized ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer with a nominal vinyl acetate comonomer content of 22 wt% and a melt flow rate of 4.0 g/10 min determined at 190 °C under a 2.16 kg load in accordance with ASTM D1238. Melt flow rate may also be reported under ISO 1133-1:2022; values obtained from the two standards are not directly interchangeable because of differences in thermal equilibration and piston travel timing. Density is published as 0.947 g/cm³ by ASTM D792. Hardness is typically 88 on the Shore A scale by ASTM D2240. The grade is positioned for soft cellular rubber goods, profile extrusion, sheet, and injection-molded components requiring a mid-level melt viscosity. Because the vinyl acetate sequences disrupt polyethylene crystallinity, the material exhibits lower modulus and greater polarity than ethylene-vinyl acetate grades with 15–18 wt% vinyl acetate. Tensile properties should be generated on compression-molded plaques according to ASTM D638-14 or ISO 527-2; the supplier certificate of analysis lists lot-specific values.
Published typical property set for the neat resin:
| Property | Test method | Typical value |
|---|---|---|
| Vinyl acetate content | ASTM D5594 | 22 wt% |
| Melt flow rate | ASTM D1238 (190 °C, 2.16 kg) | 4.0 g/10 min |
| Density | ASTM D792 | 0.947 g/cm³ |
| Shore A hardness | ASTM D2240 | 88 |
The tabulated values are nominal, not specification minima or maxima; incoming lots should be controlled against the manufacturer certificate of analysis. Compared with EVA 1828, a nominal 18 wt% vinyl acetate grade with a melt flow rate of 2.8 g/10 min, EVA 2240 supplies a measurable reduction in melt viscosity and a softer finished surface. The higher vinyl acetate content also increases the number of polar side groups that can interact with carbon black, silica, or silane-treated fillers.
Thermal degradation of vinyl acetate sequences in EVA 2240 becomes detectable as acetic acid evolution when the melt temperature exceeds approximately 230 °C. On twin-screw compounding lines with L/D ratios between 32:1 and 40:1, barrel set-point temperatures are therefore kept at 160–200 °C, with the final mixing zone not exceeding 210 °C. Thermocouple immersion probes at the die adaptor can read 8–12 °C above the set point under high-shear conditions; thermocouple position is treated as a process boundary rather than a diagnostic reference. The viscosity at 190 °C is low enough for dispersion of carbon black masterbatch, but filler agglomerate breakdown depends more on kneading block configuration than on melt flow rate alone. In a co-rotating twin-screw extruder with a screw diameter of 40 mm, screw speeds from 150 rpm to 400 rpm have been reported; however, published data for this product on a 40 mm line is limited, and pilot trials should confirm residence time and torque limits.
When azodicarbonamide blowing agent is used, the decomposition onset in the presence of zinc oxide activator at 170–180 °C must be matched to the melt temperature. A five-zone barrel profile of 160/170/175/180/185 °C is applied in foam sheet lines to allow gas evolution to initiate only after the melt enters the die adaptor. If the temperature in the compression zone remains below 170 °C, the blowing agent remains undecomposed and can cause post-extrusion surface pitting; if the die head exceeds 200 °C, gas loss before the die lips reduces expansion ratio. These constraints create a die-head processing window of approximately ±5 °C, which is a critical threshold for high-vinyl-acetate foam formulations.
EVA 2240 differs from EVA 1828 in both melt flow rate and comonomer content. The step from 18 wt% to 22 wt% vinyl acetate reduces polyethylene crystallinity, which lowers flexural modulus and Shore hardness while increasing tolerance for plasticizer and filler loading. At equal melt temperature, the 4.0 g/10 min melt flow rate of EVA 2240 is 43% higher than the 2.8 g/10 min value of EVA 1828, which reduces injection pressure demand in thin sections. However, the higher melt flow also reduces melt strength in extruded sheet and large parison operations. Therefore, EVA 2240 is generally assigned to foamed midsoles, gaskets, and injection-molded profiles requiring flow into long cavities, while the lower-flow EVA 1828 may be selected where higher melt strength is required in thick sheet or heavy-wall profile extrusion. Published capillary rheometry data for direct comparison of these two grades is limited; the ASTM D1238 melt flow rate difference should not be extrapolated to low-density foam extrusion without pilot-scale trials.
Higher vinyl acetate content also improves adhesion to polar substrates, but the finished part can exhibit lower resistance to non-polar oils and greases. The Shore hardness shift should be confirmed on molded plaques because cooling rate and filler loading affect the effective surface hardness. Where direct hardness comparison is required, the test plaque thickness and conditioning time should follow ASTM D2240 and ASTM D618 conditioning procedures.
In injection molding operations, EVA 2240 is processed through a reciprocating screw with compression ratio between 2.5:1 and 3.5:1, with barrel set-point temperatures of 170–190 °C and mold wall temperatures of 30–40 °C. Clamp force follows projected area and melt pressure; for a midsole cavity with a projected area of 0.04 m², press forces between 150 t and 250 t are sufficient when the melt is delivered at moderate flow rates. Incoming lot melt flow rate should be verified by ASTM D1238 because a shift of 0.5 g/10 min can alter fill pressure by more than 5% in long flow paths. When ambient relative humidity exceeds 60%, pre-drying at 70 °C for 2 h in a desiccant hopper with a dew point of -30 °C is recommended to prevent surface splay; moisture content above 0.05 wt% in recycle streams should be rejected or re-dried before use. Chilled mold water at 10–15 °C is used to reduce part deformation after ejection.
When EVA 2240 replaces EVA 1828 in a crosslinked foam formulation, the higher vinyl acetate content increases the number of polar side groups and lowers the crystalline melting plateau. This substitution shifts the blow-up ratio and compression set response; formulators typically reduce azodicarbonamide content by 10–20% at equal crosslinker level to maintain cell size. If the peroxide dosage is held constant, the lower crystallinity of EVA 2240 can increase expansion ratio but may also promote cell coalescence when melt temperature exceeds 185 °C before gel fraction reaches 60%. Peroxide vulcanization kinetics should be tracked by moving-die rheometer torque curves, not by nominal half-life alone. Dicumyl peroxide at 0.5–1.0 phr with zinc stearate at 0.5 phr is a common starting formulation; amine-based additives should not be used because they scavenge free radicals and reduce crosslink density. Compression set values under ASTM D395 Method B, 22 h at 70 °C, may fall between 35% and 60%, depending on filler type and cure time. Published data for exact replacement ratios in a single press is limited; pilot-scale press trials are required because tooling geometry and heating rate control the final density and cell structure.
Expansion ratio and peel strength respond differently when filler and peroxide levels are changed. A higher vinyl acetate content permits lower final density at equivalent filler loading, but the increased polarity also attracts moisture; open-cell content may rise if the blowing agent concentration is not balanced with crosslink density. For continuous crosslinked foam sheet, the pre-cure zone temperature should be maintained below the peroxide decomposition onset until the sheet enters the foaming oven, preventing premature surface crosslinking and interior gas entrapment.
Regulatory acceptance of EVA 2240 for food-contact or medical packaging is application-dependent. The converter is responsible for validating extraction limits, total migration, and residual peroxide decomposition products against the relevant national standard. For food-contact articles in the United States, the finished article may be evaluated under FDA 21 CFR 177.1350; the resin by itself does not provide a compliance certificate. Under European Union regulations, the material must be assessed within the intended article under REACH (EC) No 1907/2006 and, where electrical or electronic equipment is involved, RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU. The product is not intended for use with strong oxidizing acids or chlorinated solvents at elevated temperature, where vinyl acetate sequences undergo accelerated chain scission. Long-term outdoor exposure without UV stabilization may cause surface chalking and yellowing; hindered amine light stabilizers and UV absorbers should be added by the converter. Storage should remain below 40 °C and away from direct sunlight.
