| HS Code | 340510 |
| Cas Number | 9002-89-5 |
| Molecular Weight | ~20000 g/mol |
| Degree Of Polymerization | 400 |
| Alcoholysis Degree | 88 mol% (86-90 mol%) |
| Viscosity 4 Percent Solution 20c | 4.0-5.0 mPa·s |
| Ph 4 Percent Solution | 5.0-7.0 |
| Volatile Content | ≤5.0% |
| Ash Content | ≤0.5% |
| Bulk Density | 0.40-0.60 g/cm³ |
| Whiteness | ≥90% |
| Appearance | white granular powder |
| Solubility | soluble in water |
As an accredited Shuangxin 04-88 PVA (PVA 088-04) factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Shuangxin 04-88 PVA is packaged in 25 kg multi-wall paper bags with inner plastic liner for safe storage. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | Shuangxin 04-88 PVA (PVA 088-04) packed in sealed bags, palletized, loaded into 20′ FCL, secured and moisture-protected. |
| Shipping | Shuangxin 04-88 PVA (PVA 088-04) ships as a dry, free-flowing powder in moisture-proof, sealed bags. Keep containers closed and protected from humidity during transit. No special hazard classification required, but handle gently to avoid dust generation and store in well-ventilated areas. |
| Storage | Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from heat, ignition sources, and strong oxidizers. Keep the container tightly closed to prevent moisture absorption and contamination. Avoid generating dust during handling. Maintain stable, moderate temperatures; no special requirements beyond standard dry chemical storage. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is typically 2 years when stored in a cool, dry place, away from moisture and direct sunlight. |
A low-viscosity, partially hydrolysed polyvinyl alcohol with a nominal 4 wt% solution viscosity of 4.0 mPa·s at 20 °C and an alcoholysis degree of 87.0–89.0 mol% functions as the primary protective colloid in vinyl acetate and vinyl acetate-ethylene emulsion polymerisation. The grade is pre-dissolved in demineralised water at 85–90 °C for 60 min using a low-shear impeller at 300–500 rpm, then cooled to 40 °C and passed through a 150 µm stainless steel screen before metering into the reactor. In a 12,000 L glass-lined batch reactor equipped with a two-stage 45° pitched-blade turbine at 55 rpm, the initial charge typically contains 0.8–2.5 wt% PVA 088-04 on total monomer, 0.05 wt% sodium bicarbonate buffer, and 0.03 wt% sodium acetate. The vinyl acetate monomer feed is started at 65 °C and continued over 3.5–4.0 h while a potassium persulfate initiator solution is fed separately. The 88 mol% hydrolysis level leaves sufficient residual acetate groups to suppress crystalline aggregation of the grafted PVA shell, producing a sterically stabilised dispersion with a final mean particle size typically in the range 0.8–1.5 µm. Plant-scale records show that replacing a 17-88 grade with Shuangxin 04-88 at equal colloid addition reduces final emulsion viscosity by 20–35% at 50–52% solids, which is critical when the downstream formulation requires a target Brookfield viscosity below 20,000 mPa·s at 25 °C. The resulting polyvinyl acetate homopolymer or vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer emulsion is used as the base for interior wood adhesives classified under EN 204 D3, paper lamination adhesives, and interior flat wall paints. For adhesive applications, the compounded product is tested for free formaldehyde and benzene under GB 18583-2008; for toy-related uses, migration of elements is assessed under EN 71 Part 3. A strict operational boundary is the storage pH of the pre-dissolved PVA stock: below pH 4.0, oxidative chain scission and acetalisation can reduce colloid efficacy within 48 h, and a non-oxidising biocide at 20 ppm is required if ambient storage exceeds 24 h. Powder handling at relative humidity above 60% requires pre-drying at 50–60 °C before metering into hot water to prevent lump formation.
High-speed air-jet looms subject sized warp yarns to alternating flexural stress, yarn-to-yarn abrasion, and high-frequency shedding. The low degree of polymerisation of Shuangxin 04-88 PVA produces a cooked size with a Brookfield viscosity of 250–400 mPa·s at 85 °C and 8% solids, which is low enough to penetrate the fibre bundle of ring-spun cotton yet sufficiently film-forming to remain on the yarn surface. A production-scale size formula for 40 Ne cotton warp uses 55 kg PVA 088-04, 35 kg oxidised starch, 8 kg acrylic size, 3 kg wax, and 1 kg antistat in 800 L water, with final size box solids controlled at 9.5–10.5%. The components are cooked in a high-pressure jet cooker at 110 °C for 20 min and held in a storage kettle at 80–85 °C. The sized yarn is run through a pre-wet box and a double-size box at 60–80 m/min, with squeeze pressure held between 180 kN and 220 kN to maintain a size pick-up of 12–14%. On the loom, shed dust and warp breakage are monitored; when loom speed exceeds 850 rpm, the PVA-to-starch ratio is shifted from 60:40 to 50:50 because a less PVA-rich film loses toughness and the air-jet differential pressure above 0.35 MPa increases warp end breaks. The finished greige fabric is desized with α-amylase at 65 °C for 60 min, and residual size is rated on the TEGEWA violet scale, with acceptable desizing efficiency requiring a rating no higher than 2. The sizing formulation is free of alkylphenol ethoxylates as required under REACH Annex XVII entry 46a, and the desizing effluent is monitored for chemical oxygen demand under ISO 6060; values above 2,000 mg/L require on-site pre-treatment before discharge. The terminal products are greige woven cotton, polyester-cotton, and viscose-cotton fabrics for downstream dyeing and finishing.
In a blade coating kitchen, water retention of the colour phase is governed by the concentration of soluble binder in the wet film. Shuangxin 04-88 PVA is introduced as a 12% aqueous solution prepared in a steam-jacketed kettle at 90 °C, then cooled to 45 °C before addition to the coating colour. A typical pigment blend for coated SBS board contains 100 parts ground calcium carbonate, 10 parts SBR latex, 0.8–1.5 parts PVA 088-04 dry, and 0.3–0.5 parts disulphonated stilbene optical brightener, with total solids adjusted to 64–66%. The PVA functions simultaneously as a co-binder, a water-retention agent, and a carrier for the optical brightener; the carrier ratio is maintained at 1 part PVA 088-04 to 0.3 part optical brightener dry. On a blade coater running at 1,000 m/min, overdosing PVA above 1.8 parts per 100 parts pigment raises high-shear viscosity to more than 55 mPa·s at 1.0 × 10⁶ s⁻¹, producing blade bleeding and whiskering at the sheet edges. The coat weight is controlled at 8–10 g/m² per side, and the coated board is calendered at 70–80 °C and 150 kN/m line load. This application is subject to indirect food-contact compliance: components of the coated paperboard must meet FDA 21 CFR 176.180 for dry, aqueous, and fatty food categories, and the PVA solvency means non-volatile migration is assessed in the finished converting structure. A pH boundary is relevant on the alkaline side: the coating colour is typically held at pH 8.5–9.2, and the PVA solution should not be added to the clay slurry before the latex because local pH shock can agglomerate calcium carbonate and reduce brightness retention under ISO 2470-2. The terminal products are printed folding cartons, food box boards, and release-liner base papers where controlled surface porosity and high surface strength are required.
Spiral paper-tube winding lines require a tack grade that remains pumpable under cold shop-floor conditions without excessive open time. Shuangxin 04-88 PVA is pre-swollen in cold water at 20 °C for 30 min, then dissolved at 85 °C for 60 min to produce a 10% stock solution. This solution is blended with a 55% solids polyvinyl acetate homopolymer emulsion at 100 parts emulsion to 15 parts PVA solution, plus 10 parts calcium carbonate filler and 0.2 parts defoamer. The wet adhesive viscosity is adjusted with borax solution at 0.05–0.15 parts dry borax to 3,200–3,800 mPa·s at 25 °C on a Brookfield RVT viscometer at 20 rpm. The borax reacts with the cis-diol groups of the residual unhydrolysed segments in the PVA, creating a weak three-dimensional network; this interaction raises open time from approximately 12 s to 28 s at 20 °C and 65% RH during spiral winding. Above 0.20 parts borax dry, the paste becomes stringy and air-entrained, and progressive cavity pump cavitation occurs at line speeds above 40 m/min. The glue roll gap on the spiral tube winder is set at 0.4–0.6 mm, and the winding speed is held between 30 m/min and 80 m/min depending on tube wall thickness. For paper cores used in indirect food-contact packaging, the adhesive formulation is expected to meet FDA 21 CFR 175.105 because the PVA, PVAc emulsion, and calcium carbonate are included as permitted substances for food-contact adhesives. The terminal products are spiral-wound paper cores for adhesive tape, stretch film, textile dye-beam winding, and void fill tubes, where moisture resistance is less critical than high initial tack and fast set on high-density kraft paper.
Low-viscosity PVA 088-04 is dissolved in deionised water at 85–90 °C to form a 10 wt% stock solution, then added to a ceramic slip for alumina tape casting. A production-scale slip formulation uses 1,000 g of alumina powder with a median particle size of 0.5 µm, 6 g fish oil dispersant, 120 g of 10% PVA 088-04 solution, 15 g PEG 400 plasticiser, 90 g deionised water, and 1 g octanol defoamer. The slip is milled for 24 h in a ball mill, de-aired under a 10 kPa vacuum for 30 min, and cast onto a silicone-coated PET carrier with a doctor blade gap of 250 µm. The carrier speed is 0.4 m/min, and drying is performed at 25 °C and 60% RH for 12 h. The low degree of polymerisation permits a higher solids loading without exceeding a slip viscosity of 2,400 mPa·s at 20 rpm on a Brookfield RV4; the resulting green tape has a tensile strength of 2.0–3.5 MPa when measured under ASTM D882-18. Binder burnout is carried out at a ramp rate of 1 °C/min to 550 °C with a 2 h hold in air, and thermogravimetric residue under ASTM E1131 should remain below 0.05 wt%. The operational boundary is green tape thickness: above 200 µm, the low-DP grade gives insufficient flexibility at ambient humidity, and the PEG plasticiser content must be increased to 20–25 wt% of PVA dry weight to prevent edge cracking during slitting. The terminal products are thin alumina substrates for microelectronic packaging and tape-cast ceramic layers where a clean low-ash burnout profile is more important than high green strength.
A 10% aqueous solution of Shuangxin 04-88 is prepared in a steam-jacketed kettle at 85 °C for 2 h with slow propeller agitation, then cooled to 30 °C and de-gassed under 10 kPa. The solution is blended with 8 wt% PEG 600 plasticiser on PVA dry weight, 0.2 wt% defoamer, and 0.1 wt% biocide, then cast through a slot die onto a biaxially oriented PET carrier with a silicone release coating. The wet film thickness is set at 25–35 µm, and the drying tunnel is operated with a first zone at 90 °C, a second zone at 110 °C, and a line speed of 3 m/min. The final film, at 20–25 µm thickness and 4–6% residual moisture, is dry-slit under 45% RH or lower; above 6% moisture, blocking between layers occurs on the roll. Cold-water solubility is the principal performance parameter: a 20 g film sample in 1 L demineralised water at 20 °C under 200 rpm agitation dissolves in 45–90 s. At 15 °C, the dissolution time exceeds 120 s, which defines the lower operational limit for cold-water embroidery backing. The film is intended as a temporary backing sheet for machine embroidery on fleece, lace, and high-pile textile substrates, and is not suitable as a primary packaging film due to the low tensile strength of this low-DP grade. Skin-contact safety is assessed under Oeko-Tex Standard 100 Annex 4 class II, and the dried film must be stored away from alkaline textile auxiliaries because prolonged exposure above pH 10 accelerates hydrolysis of residual acetate groups and reduces mechanical integrity.
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Shuangxin 04-88 PVA, also catalogued as PVA 088-04, is a partially hydrolysed polyvinyl alcohol resin in which the 04 segment denotes nominal 4% aqueous solution viscosity at 20 °C and the 88 segment denotes nominal alcoholysis degree of 88 mol%; in the reversed code, 088 identifies the hydrolysis level and 04 identifies the viscosity band. The resin is produced by controlled alcoholysis of polyvinyl acetate, leaving residual acetate groups that depress crystallinity, increase cold-water compatibility, and lower solution viscosity relative to fully hydrolysed PVA grades. It is supplied as white or near-white granules or powder, typically in 25 kg multiwall bags or bulk containers. Bulk density, particle size distribution, ash, volatile matter, and sodium acetate content vary with production campaigns; a lot-specific certificate of analysis is therefore required for quantitative formulation work.
Specification alignment is normally established through GB/T 12010.3-2010 for viscosity, GB/T 12010.4-2010 for alcoholysis degree, and GB/T 12010.2-2010 for volatile matter and sodium acetate. Viscosity is generally measured with a Brookfield LV or equivalent rotational viscometer at 20 °C on a 4% aqueous solution prepared according to the relevant PVA test standard. For Chinese commodity grades identified as 04-88, the 4% aqueous solution viscosity commonly falls between 3.5 mPa·s and 4.5 mPa·s; alcoholysis degree lies between 86.0 mol% and 89.0 mol%. The low-viscosity band distinguishes 04-88 from 05-88, 13-88, 17-88, and 20-88 partially hydrolysed grades, which share approximately the same hydrolysis range but differ in molecular weight and solution viscosity. Because the permissible viscosity spread can overlap with adjacent grades at the edges, exact lot releases govern substitution decisions.
| Parameter | PVA 04-88 (PVA 088-04) | PVA 05-88 | PVA 17-88 | Test method |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4% aqueous solution viscosity at 20 °C | 3.5–4.5 mPa·s | 5.0–6.0 mPa·s | 17.0–21.0 mPa·s | GB/T 12010.3-2010 |
| Alcoholysis degree | 86.0–89.0 mol% | 86.0–89.0 mol% | 86.0–89.0 mol% | GB/T 12010.4-2010 |
| Volatile matter | ≤5.0% | ≤5.0% | ≤5.0% | GB/T 12010.2-2010 |
| Ash, as Na₂O | ≤0.5% | ≤0.5% | ≤0.7% | GB/T 12010.5-2010 |
| pH of 4% aqueous solution | 5.0–7.0 | 5.0–7.0 | 5.0–7.0 | GB/T 12010.6-2010 |
Values represent typical commodity ranges for this grade family, not lot-specific guarantees. Batch release values can differ from one production line to another, and the manufacturer’s certificate of analysis is the controlling document for specification conformance.
Direct dispersion in cold water is possible as a pre-slurry step, but complete hydration of the low-viscosity grade is normally completed by heating the batch to 85–90 °C under low-shear agitation. A jacketed 316L stainless steel dissolution vessel with an anchor or paddle impeller is preferred over a rotor-stator device; high-shear mixing entrains air and can create persistent foam. The powder should be added slowly into the vortex or via eductor at 20–25 °C to avoid lump formation. Localised over-heating above 95 °C can form gel skins on the vessel wall and undissolved particulates in the transfer line. Use of softened water with low iron and low hardness is preferred because polyvalent metal ions can destabilize the solution during extended storage. Concentrations between 4 wt% and 10 wt% are typical for downstream coating and sizing operations; above 12 wt%, solution viscosity becomes pseudoplastic and cooling to room temperature may generate gel-like consistency depending on residual acetate content. If the powder has been stored above 60 % RH, pre-drying in a fluidized-bed dryer at 40–50 °C before weighing is frequently required; moisture uptake changes effective dry solids and may cause bridging in feed hoppers and gravimetric dosing systems.
In aqueous storage, pH should be maintained between 5.0 and 7.0. Prolonged exposure to strongly acidic or strongly alkaline conditions can promote gradual hydrolysis or discolouration. Preservative selection is required if solution is stored beyond 24 h because PVA solutions support microbial growth; the biocide type and dosage must be validated for the downstream application and the relevant regulatory exposure pathway.
The practical difference between PVA 04-88 and higher-viscosity partially hydrolysed grades such as 17-88 or 20-88 is essentially molecular weight, not hydrolysis degree. At equal solids, the 04-88 solution has lower viscosity, lower thickening efficiency, lower film tensile strength, and faster substrate penetration. The lower chain length also reduces film blocking resistance and water resistance after drying. In emulsion polymerisation of vinyl acetate, vinyl acetate-ethylene, and acrylic ester systems, 04-88 is selected when the protective colloid should not dominate latex rheology or when post-polymerisation filtration must remain fast. Typical protective colloid loading in commercial vinyl acetate-ethylene systems is 2–6 wt% based on total monomer, but the exact level depends on target latex viscosity, particle size, and shear stability. Lot-to-lot variation in residual sodium acetate can shift nucleation rate and latex particle size; therefore, polymerisation trials often normalize sodium acetate content or adjust redox initiator feed profiling to compensate. Blending 04-88 with a higher-viscosity PVA is used when shear stability is inadequate with the low-DP grade alone. In contrast, 17-88 provides higher thickening efficiency and film strength at the cost of slower dissolution and higher final latex viscosity. For comparative film mechanical data, users should measure tensile properties according to ISO 527-3 or GB/T 1040.3-2006, because published data for this specific Shuangxin configuration is limited.
In aqueous solution, the low molecular weight of 04-88 provides lower extensional viscosity and less stringiness than higher-viscosity grades, which is advantageous in roll coating and gravure applications. However, the same property reduces film tear resistance and re-dissolved film blocking performance.
When 04-88 is substituted into textile warp sizing or paper surface sizing, the primary benefit is reduced size-box viscosity buildup and easier desizing. In staple yarn sizing, size liquor concentrations in the 4–8 wt% dry-add-on range are common, but the lower chain length gives less film abrasion resistance than 17-88 at identical add-on. It is therefore used where high-twist yarn penetration and low viscosity are more important than maximum loom speed tolerance. On sizing ranges fitted with pre-wet boxes and multi-cylinder dryers, 04-88 reduces the tendency of the size box to develop crusts during stoppages; however, at high loom speeds above 800 rpm, the film may require starch or acrylic supplementation to prevent warp breakage. In paper surface sizing on metering size presses or film presses, 04-88 is applied at 2–6 wt% solids. Its low viscosity permits stable metering at high machine speeds, but papermakers often blend it with oxidized starch or higher-viscosity PVA to achieve required tensile strength and surface strength measured by IGT pick testing. High-shear circulation pumps and excessive return-line turbulence can cause air entrainment and surface foam; defoamer selection must be validated against the specific PVA lot because siloxane-based defoamers may interfere with sizing uniformity.
Water-soluble film and adhesive formulations use PVA 04-88 primarily as a minor blend component rather than as the sole film former. Fully hydrolysed grades such as PVA 04-99 require near-boiling water for complete dissolution and form films with higher tensile strength and lower cold-water solubility; partially hydrolysed 04-88 dissolves more readily in water below 40 °C but forms softer, more tacky films with lower wet strength. In remoistenable paper adhesives, 04-88 provides rapid rewetting and moderate open time; for moisture-resistant or structural formulations, higher-DP or fully hydrolysed grades are required, or the film must be crosslinked. Borax and boric acid must be handled carefully because they form didiol complexes with PVA and can gel the aqueous solution even at addition levels below 0.1 wt%; this behaviour is intentionally used in some thickening applications but is an incompatibility in storage and coating if not designed. Thermal processing of 04-88 without water is limited: decomposition begins near 200 °C, and melt extrusion or thermoforming requires plasticizer and process stabilisation; solution casting or aqueous coating is the standard fabrication route.
Compliance documents for Shuangxin 04-88 should include a certificate of analysis covering viscosity, alcoholysis degree, volatile matter, ash, and sodium acetate. For food-contact, pharmaceutical, or potable-water-adjacent uses, confirmation against the relevant national food-contact additive regulation or pharmacopoeial monograph is required; published data for this specific Shuangxin grade in those applications is limited. Storage in closed original packaging below 60 % RH at or below 30 °C is the standard operational boundary. Exposed product should be consumed within the working shift or held in a dehumidified hopper to avoid moisture pickup and flow variability. The grade is not recommended for direct dry blending into formulations where subsequent heating above 200 °C without plasticizer or aqueous dilution occurs, because discolouration and acetic acid release can occur.
