| HS Code | 384606 |
| Product Name | Shuangxin 10-99 PVA (PVA 098-10) |
| Chemical Name | Polyvinyl alcohol |
| Cas Number | 9002-89-5 |
| Appearance | White granules/powder |
| Degree Of Hydrolysis | 99.0-100.0 mol% |
| Viscosity 4 Percent Solution 20c | 10.0-14.0 mPa.s |
| Average Degree Of Polymerization | 1000 |
| Molecular Weight | ~44000 g/mol |
| Ph 4 Percent Solution | 5.0-7.0 |
| Volatile Content | ≤5.0% |
| Ash Content | ≤0.5% |
| Density | 1.27-1.31 g/cm3 |
| Melting Point | ~230°C |
| Solubility | Soluble in hot water; insoluble in most organic solvents |
| Biodegradability | Biodegradable under appropriate conditions |
As an accredited Shuangxin 10-99 PVA (PVA 098-10) factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Shuangxin 10-99 PVA (PVA 098-10) is supplied in 25 kg multi-layer paper bags with polyethylene liner, ensuring moisture protection. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | Packed in 25kg bags, loaded on pallets, approximately 20 metric tons per 20′ FCL, secured for safe transit. |
| Shipping | Shuangxin 10-99 PVA (PVA 098-10) ships as a non-hazardous, dry powder in moisture-proof multi-layer bags or woven bags on pallets. Standard freight is suitable via sea, air, or ground. Keep dry, ventilated, and away from ignition sources to prevent dust accumulation. No special dangerous-goods declaration required. |
| Storage | Store Shuangxin 10-99 PVA in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, tightly sealed in its original container. Protect from moisture, humidity, and direct sunlight. Keep away from heat, open flames, and oxidizing agents. Avoid generating dust; use proper grounding and ensure good housekeeping to prevent static discharge. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is typically 12 months from manufacture when stored in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from moisture. |
In shuttleless weaving of high-density cotton, lyocell, and polyester/cotton warp yarns, the size film is subjected to cyclic elongation at picking speeds up to 900–1200 picks/min and to reed abrasion during beat-up, conditions where insufficient film cohesion generates shedding and warp break. Shuangxin 10-99 PVA (PVA 098-10) is gelatinized in a high-shear jet cooker at 90–95 °C and held for 30–45 min before transfer to the size box at 75–85 °C. The formulation addition ratio for the sizing liquor is 8.0–12.0 wt% PVA, corresponding to 2.5–4.0 wt% dry PVA on warp yarn weight; the size box solids are maintained between 10.0% and 14.0% with oxidized starch or acrylic copolymer as the complementary binder. Compliance for this route is set by REACH registration for the substance and by ZDHC MRSL v3.1 for textile auxiliaries. Grade lot release is benchmarked against ISO 15023-2:2019 for hydrolysis degree 98.0–99.0 mol%, Brookfield viscosity 9.0–13.0 mPa·s at 4% aqueous solution and 20 °C by ASTM D2196-15, and ash content below 0.5 wt%. The downstream production process on slasher sizing machines includes a pre-wet box at 70–80 °C, a squeeze nip at 4.0–6.0 kg/cm², wet split rods at 120–150 °C, and multi-cylinder drying at 110–140 °C with sectioned warp tension between 200 N and 350 N. Terminal products include plain-weave cotton shirting, twill workwear, downproof woven fabric, and polyester/cotton bed linen.
On production lines, the principal processing fault occurs when the size box temperature drifts below 75 °C because partially gelled PVA accumulates on squeeze rolls and produces streak pickup on the warp sheet; pre-dissolution below 85 °C leaves microgel that increases warp hairiness rather than suppressing it. Desizing of the woven cloth is therefore operated with enzymatic or oxidative treatment at 90–95 °C, and residual PVA is checked by iodine staining before bleaching. Published data for this specific configuration is limited, so mills establish internal tensile and abrasion limits using ASTM D882-18 and ASTM D4157-13 on conditioned size film prior to lot approval.
| Grade parameter | Typical specified value | Test method or standard |
|---|---|---|
| Hydrolysis degree | 98.0–99.0 mol% | ISO 15023-2:2019 |
| Viscosity, 4% aqueous solution at 20 °C | 9.0–13.0 mPa·s | ASTM D2196-15 |
| pH | 5.0–7.0 | ISO 15023-2:2019 |
| Ash content | ≤0.5 wt% | ISO 15023-2:2019 |
| Methanol content | ≤0.2 wt% | gas chromatography |
Surface sizing of high-speed inkjet base stock uses PVA 098-10 at 0.5–1.8 wt% of the size press liquor, which delivers a dry pickup of 0.2–0.6 g/m² per side at machine speeds between 1200 m/min and 1700 m/min. The solution is prepared in a batch dissolver at 88–92 °C for 30–40 min, transferred at 65–70 °C to the running size press, and co-formulated with oxidized starch and 0.1–0.3 wt% calcium chloride to control dye fixation. Compliance for food-contact paper is established under FDA 21 CFR 176.170, with water absorption measured by ISO 535:2014 Cobb 60 s below 25 g/m², and surface sizing uniformity checked by TAPPI T 530. The production process is typically film metering size press application with a blade coater or speed sizer, drying at 70–95 °C in the first after-sizer zone and 100–130 °C in the final zone. End product types from this line are high-speed inkjet coated base, inkjet brochure paper, release base stock, and low-porosity packaging liner.
The boundary condition in this application is not tensile failure but re-wet blocking: at dry pickup above 0.6 g/m² per side, the surface film becomes water-sensitive enough to block in humid finishing, while below 0.4 g/m², the precipitated calcium carbonate binding falls below linting limits and marks off on printing blankets. Because the exact size press pickup curve is line-specific, quality control maps pickup against Cobb value and dynamic contact angle rather than relying on a fixed starch/PVA ratio.
In vinyl acetate–ethylene (VAE) emulsion polymerisation, PVA 098-10 is delivered as a 10.0 wt% aqueous solution and introduced into the initial reactor charge and the delayed monomer feed. The addition ratio is 0.5–1.5 wt% based on total monomer mass, usually in combination with 0.1–0.3 wt% nonionic surfactant to balance particle size and coagulum. The reactor is a jacketed 30 m³ stainless vessel with a turbine agitator tip speed of 4.0–6.0 m/s, operated at 55–85 °C and ethylene pressure 1.5–3.5 MPa. Ammonium persulfate initiator is fed at 0.2–0.5 wt% on total monomer over 4–6 h, followed by a 60 min post-reaction and vacuum stripping to residual vinyl acetate below 0.1 wt% by GB 18583-2008. Compliance for the resulting dispersion is governed by REACH registration, and emulsion viscosity is controlled between 3000 mPa·s and 8000 mPa·s by ASTM D2196-15 at 25 °C. Downstream converted forms include wood assembly PVAc adhesives, nonwoven binders, carpet backing, and construction adhesives.
The processing limitation stems from the fully hydrolyzed grade’s higher crystallinity: if the solution is charged below 60 °C or above 15 wt% solids, viscosity spikes and creates coagulum at the shaft seals. Production lines therefore maintain PVA transfer lines at 62–68 °C and use continuous low-shear metering rather than single-shot addition. Batch-to-batch variance is monitored by coagulum index and particle size via laser diffraction rather than viscosity alone.
Solution casting of water-soluble film from PVA 098-10 begins with gelatinisation in a jacketed dissolver at 90–95 °C, vacuum deaeration at 0.06–0.08 MPa, and casting at 10.0–16.0 wt% aqueous solids. The formulation addition ratio includes plasticizer at 10–20 phr on PVA, typically sorbitol or glycerol, to suppress brittleness after residual moisture falls below 12.0 wt%. Compliance for food-contact film uses 21 CFR 177.1670, and where the film is used as a release liner, tensile properties are checked by ISO 527-3:2018 and water solubility by ISO 14851:2019 for aerobic biodegradability. The wet film is coated onto a chrome-plated belt at 60–90 °C, dried in a multi-zone oven to residual moisture 8.0–12.0 wt%, conditioned at 20–25 °C and 45–55% RH, and slit to 30–50 µm thickness. Finished web or film products include water-soluble embroidery stabilizer, seed tape, transfer backing, and temporary protective release film. The operational boundary is that dissolution in end use requires agitated water at 80–90 °C; below 70 °C the film swells but does not fully release, which limits cold-water applications.
On cast-film production lines, the principal failure mode is edge bead formation when casting solution viscosity drifts above 3000 mPa·s; this is controlled by holding the casting bath at 70–75 °C and by maintaining the dissolved solids within ±0.5 wt% of the target. Published data for this specific configuration is limited, so film converters qualify each lot by gel count on a 25 µm drawdown and by residual moisture titration.
Remoistenable label adhesives require a dried film that remains non-blocking under storage conditions below 60% RH but redisperses rapidly when wetted on labeling equipment. In this application PVA 098-10 is used at 2.0–6.0 wt% of the wet adhesive, combined with 15.0–30.0 wt% dextrin and 1.0–2.0 wt% urea or glycerol plasticizer. The adhesive is applied by roll or gravure coating at 45–60 °C, with a wet coat weight of 18–25 g/m², and dried in forced-air ovens at 80–110 °C to residual moisture 6.0–9.0 wt%. Compliance for indirect food contact is anchored to 21 CFR 175.300, and coating viscosity is measured by ASTM D2196-15 at 50 °C. Converted items from this route include gummed paper labels, envelope flaps, wrapper seals, and pre-pasted wallpaper.
The reliability constraint is rewetting speed: high hydrolysis PVA produces a dry film with good humidity resistance, but rewetting on labeling lines requires a wetting nip with water at 45–55 °C to achieve tack development within 3.0–5.0 s. At storage humidity above 70% RH, blocking occurs unless the finished stock is wrapped with moisture-barrier packaging. Converters evaluate blocking resistance by stacked storage at 50 °C and 70% RH for 72 h with 0.5 kg/cm² load.
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Shuangxin 10-99 PVA (PVA 098-10) is a fully hydrolysed polyvinyl alcohol resin with CAS number 9002-89-5 and the general repeat unit [-CH₂-CHOH-]ₙ. The grade designation 10-99 identifies a nominal polymerization degree of approximately 1000 and a degree of alcoholysis in the range 98.0–99.0 mol%. The material is supplied as white or off-white granular or powder solid and is produced by controlled alcoholysis of polyvinyl acetate in a methanol-based system. Supplier documentation uses the synonym PVA 098-10 in certificate-of-analysis documents and shipping labels, while the base resin remains the 10-99 grade. Because the product is fully hydrolysed, it is not cold-water soluble and requires controlled heating in aqueous make-down. Its lower molecular weight compared with 17-99 and 20-99 lowers solution viscosity at equal solids and can allow higher working concentrations in size press liquors, textile size formulations, and water-activated adhesive systems. The product is used predominantly in paper surface sizing, warp sizing, remoistenable adhesives, and aqueous film-forming specialty applications where a lower-viscosity fully hydrolysed binder is required.
Fully hydrolysed PVA grades such as 10-99 require thermal energy to disrupt crystallites formed through interchain hydrogen bonding. Undissolved gel particles, commonly described as fisheyes, develop when the slurry is heated too rapidly or when the vessel lacks sufficient shear. Production make-down for 10-99 normally begins with dispersion into water at 15–30 °C under mechanical agitation, followed by gradual heating to 85–95 °C and a hold time of 30–60 min. A jacketed stainless steel dissolving vessel with a turbine impeller tip speed of 1.5–3.5 m/s is typical on production lines. If the solution temperature falls below 70 °C before dissolution is complete, partially swollen material can persist as clear or white gel specks in films and size deposits. Filtration through a 100–150 µm screen after make-down reduces the risk of surface defects in coating and sizing operations. Prolonged exposure above 100 °C may generate a slight acetic acid odour and should be avoided because it indicates deacetylation and possible viscosity drift. Batch-to-batch variation in particle size and bulk density can affect wetting time, so pneumatic conveying and dosing systems should be validated against the supplier lot certificate rather than relying on a single fixed addition rate.
On supplier certificates of analysis, Shuangxin 10-99 PVA is released against the following representative specification envelope. End users should verify lot-specific values against the manufacturer certificate because release limits may vary by production site and intended application.
| Parameter | Unit | Representative range or limit | Test method |
|---|---|---|---|
| Degree of alcoholysis | mol% | 98.0–99.0 | ISO 15023-2:2019 |
| Viscosity, 4% aqueous solution at 20 °C | mPa·s | 10.0–14.0 | ISO 15023-2:2019 |
| pH, 4% aqueous solution | — | 5.0–7.0 | ISO 15023-2:2019 |
| Volatile matter | % | ≤ 5.0 | ISO 3251:2008 |
| Ash | % | ≤ 0.5 | ISO 3451-1:2019 |
The viscosity value indicates the low molecular weight band: a 4% solids solution at 20 °C reads approximately half or less than the viscosity of 17-99 in the same configuration. This permits higher solids make-down with moderate pump and transfer viscosity. The ash and volatile limits are critical where the grade is used in ceramic binder, paper surface sizing, or adhesive formulations because residual sodium acetate and moisture can affect final film clarity, drying rate, and burnout residue.
On a rod-metered or blade-metered size press, replacement of 17-99 with 10-99 can raise the solids content of the size liquor while maintaining a target Brookfield viscosity of 30–80 mPa·s at 60 °C. Starting formulations commonly use 1–3 parts dry 10-99 per 100 parts oxidized starch solids, with size press temperature controlled between 55 °C and 70 °C. Surface strength improvements are commonly assessed by the IGT pick resistance method specified in ISO 3783, while water absorption is measured by the Cobb method in ISO 535:2014. The film formed by 10-99 is lower in tensile strength than 17-99, so board grades requiring maximum picking resistance may require partial retention of a higher-DP grade or use of a synthetic co-binder. Published data for this specific configuration is limited; mill trials on the target base paper and coater speed are therefore used to confirm the dwell time and drying capacity required for uniform holdout. In lightweight coated base papers, 10-99 is sometimes used to reduce size liquor viscosity at elevated solids, but pilot data should be generated before full run conversion.
In cotton, polyester/cotton, and viscose blend warp sizing, 10-99 PVA is cooked with starch or polyacrylic size at 6–10% total solids. Typical add-on levels measured gravimetrically after the squeeze nip range from 8–14% on warp weight, depending on yarn count, weaving density, and loom type. The lower viscosity of this grade reduces size-box viscosity drift during long campaigns on high-speed warping machines because shear degradation of high-DP PVA is less severe. Size pick-up is controlled by squeeze pressure and shore hardness of pad rolls; rolls with hardness 65–85 Shore A are common in production. On a 360 cm flat bed dryer, cylinder surface temperature is typically held between 105 °C and 125 °C to remove water without overdrying and embrittling the film. Desizing of fully hydrolysed 10-99 requires hot wet processing at 80–95 °C with alkali or oxidative desizing chemistry; amylase enzymes are not effective for PVA removal. This operational boundary is critical in mills that process starch-sized and PVA-sized warps in the same desizing range because complete removal is required to avoid stiff fabric and downstream dyeing defects.
In water-activated adhesives and paper-tube laminating, 10-99 is often cooked at 10–20% solids with plasticizer or borate-free formulations. Borate salts are incompatible because borate ions form strong reversible gels with fully hydrolysed PVA; even 0.1–1.0% borax on dry PVA/starch solids can cause a sharp viscosity increase or localized gel formation. The dried film of 10-99 has lower tensile elongation than partially hydrolysed 10-88, but better water resistance after drying. For remoistenable glue applications, the lower molecular weight permits higher tack development at moderate wet coat weights while retaining the crystalline character that contributes to dry-film water resistance. Open viscosity stability after cooking is generally acceptable for single-shift use, but hold tanks should be maintained above 75 °C to prevent skinning and gel layer formation at the liquid surface.
The product should be stored in sealed bags in a dry area at or below 30 °C and below 60% relative humidity. At relative humidity above 60%, the powder may absorb moisture and form lumps that extend cook time or clog screw feeders. Dry powder handling should follow NFPA 654 requirements for combustible dust; PVA dust with particle size below 200 µm may form an explosible dust cloud under specific concentration and ignition conditions. Mechanical conveying lines should be grounded and fitted with explosion venting where the minimum explosible concentration is reached. The product is incompatible with strong oxidizers, concentrated acids, and borate-containing additives. Thermal degradation above 200 °C releases acetaldehyde and acetic acid decomposition products, so melt processing without plasticizer is not typically practised. Safety data sheets for PVA 10-99 grades generally report no hazard classification under CLP Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008; downstream users should verify the current supplier SDS and REACH registration status for the specific grade. For food-contact use, the user must verify migration limits under EU Regulation 10/2011 or FDA 21 CFR 175.105 for adhesives because supplier disclosure does not provide a blanket food-contact approval for all formulations.
