| HS Code | 247712 |
| Product Name | Shuangxin 17-99L PVA (PVA 100-27L) |
| Cas Number | 9002-89-5 |
| Chemical Formula | (C2H4O)n |
| Appearance | White granular powder |
| Degree Of Hydrolysis | 99.0-100.0 mol% |
| Viscosity 4 Aqueous Solution 20 C | 27.0 mPa·s |
| Degree Of Polymerization | 1700 |
| Molecular Weight | Approximately 75,000 g/mol |
| Ph 4 Aqueous Solution | 5.0-7.0 |
| Ash Content | ≤0.5% |
| Volatile Content | ≤5.0% |
| Solubility | Soluble in hot water |
| Density | 1.29 g/cm³ |
| Particle Size | 20-80 mesh |
As an accredited Shuangxin 17-99L PVA (PVA 100-27L) factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Shuangxin 17-99L PVA is supplied in 25 kg net multi-wall paper bags with polyethylene inner liner, palletized and shrink-wrapped. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | Shuangxin 17-99L PVA (PVA 100-27L) is packed and shipped as a 20-foot FCL container, safely secured. |
| Shipping | Shuangxin 17-99L PVA (PVA 100-27L) is shipped as a non-hazardous, water-soluble resin in sealed, moisture-proof bags. Keep packaging dry and avoid excessive humidity during transport. Load in clean, ventilated containers, away from direct heat. Handle gently to prevent bag damage. Standard breakbulk or containerized shipping is suitable. |
| Storage | Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from heat, open flames, and direct sunlight. Keep the container tightly sealed to prevent moisture absorption, contamination, and caking. Avoid humid conditions. Maintain temperature below 30°C. Use dry, clean handling procedures. Store separately from oxidizing agents and strong alkalis. Follow manufacturer’s shelf-life guidelines. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is typically 12 months when stored unopened in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from moisture. |
Shuangxin 17-99L PVA (PVA 100-27L) is specified at 25.0–31.0 mPa·s for a 4% aqueous solution at 20°C, with a degree of hydrolysis of 98.0–99.0 mol%, ash content not exceeding 0.5%, and pH in the range 5.0–7.0. In high-density cotton and cotton/polyester warp sizing for air-jet looms, the fully hydrolyzed grade functions as a film-forming binder that increases abrasion resistance and reduces warp breakage on reed impact. A representative mill start formulation for 1000 L of cooked size mix contains 55–70 kg of 17-99L, 20–30 kg of acid-thinned starch, 3–6 kg of acrylic co-size, 0.5–1.0 kg of paraffin wax emulsion, and a silicone-free defoamer at 0.05–0.10 kg. The mixture is jet-cooked at 125–130°C for 15–20 min and then held at 85–90°C in the service tank. Slasher squeeze pressure is set between 20 kN/m and 35 kN/m, with warp moisture after multi-cylinder drying controlled to 4–6%. Under these conditions the cast size film commonly shows tensile strength in the range 35–55 MPa when tested according to ASTM D882-18; published data for this specific size formulation is limited, so mill laboratory controls on yarn adhesion and abrasion resistance are required. The main process constraint is retrogradation and crystallization of the PVA film below 60°C, which can generate white flakes in the size box and increase loom shedding failure. Desizing of 17-99L-sized goods requires hot wash at 85–95°C with mechanical agitation; starch enzyme desizing alone does not remove crystalline PVA domains.
On high-speed air-jet looms operating above 900 picks/min, warp breakage from size film fatigue is concentrated in the reed entry zone. The molecular weight of 17-99L produces a size film with low elongation, typically 80–120% at break under ASTM D882-18, which is favorable for warp stiffness but can cause brittleness in low-humidity weaving rooms. Relative humidity should therefore be maintained at 68–75%. Split rods and pre-drying cylinders positioned before the main drying section reduce yarn-to-yarn adhesion. Batch-to-batch variation in 17-99L ash below 0.5% does not usually affect weaving efficiency, but foam formation in the size box can be confused with size film defects when defoamer dosage is below 0.03 kg/1000 L. For dyeable fabrics, oxidative or hydrogen peroxide desizing at 90°C with 1–3 g/L hydrogen peroxide improves residual PVA removal. This application is size-box intensive and should not be specified for filament yarns requiring add-on below 2%.
In fine paper and linerboard produced on single-nip metering size presses, 17-99L is introduced as a hot 4% solution and blended with oxidized starch at a PVA-to-starch dry ratio of 15:85 to 30:70. The target size press bath solids are typically 4.0–6.5% at 60–70°C. The solution viscosity at 4% solids, 25.0–31.0 mPa·s, demands controlled dilution to prevent transfer roll film splitting and misting above 1200 m/min. Substitution of 30% of oxidized starch with 17-99L commonly lowers Cobb-60 water absorption to 20–30 g/m² on acid-free woodfree base papers when tested under ISO 535:2023, depending on base furnish and internal sizing. Surface pick velocity measured by IGT method ISO 3783:2006 improves by 0.8–1.5 m/s over the same starch-only control. The film formation is more cohesive than starch; however, excess PVA substitution above 35 parts per 100 parts dry starch can increase size press roll fouling and after-drying section contamination. Coating binder applications for blade coaters use 17-99L at 0.5–1.5 parts per 100 parts pigment together with styrene-butadiene latex and sodium carboxymethylcellulose. In this role the PVA enhances water retention and dry pick resistance, but it also raises low-shear viscosity, so Brookfield viscosity at 100 rpm should be kept below 1600 mPa·s for high-speed applicators. Food contact status must be verified against 21 CFR 176.170 for paper and paperboard intended for aqueous and fatty foods, and residual PVA content after repulping should be evaluated because fully hydrolyzed PVA can interfere with paper machine retention if recycled furnish contains a significant dissolved PVA load.
The use of 17-99L in pre-metering size presses is less problematic than in pond-type presses because the solution is applied to a transfer roll and is not recirculated at high air entrainment. In gate-roll systems, the film split at high machine speeds generates mist when PVA content exceeds 25% of total size solids. Mill trials often confirm that the critical parameter is not PVA share alone but the bath steady-state temperature; below 55°C gelation of fully hydrolyzed PVA occurs at film surfaces and causes streaks. Indirect steam heating and static mixers are therefore specified for circulation loops. For recycled linerboard, 17-99L can be added to improve OCC top-ply surface strength at 1.5–2.5% of total starch solids, but the resulting sheet must be cured at 100–110°C surface temperature to develop full film strength. Published data for this specific recycled linerboard configuration is limited; mill-specific Cobb and IGT correlation studies are required.
For detergent unit-dose and agrochemical water-soluble packaging, 17-99L is used in cast film formulations containing plasticizer at 10–25 phr, typically glycerol, sorbitol, trimethylolpropane, or polyethylene glycol 400. Because the grade has 98.0–99.0 mol% hydrolysis, the film displays a crystalline melting transition that delays dissolution in cold water; disintegration onset in unstretched film of 50 µm thickness occurs above 70–85°C. Blending with partially hydrolyzed PVA or increasing plasticizer content lowers the dissolution threshold, but this also reduces tensile strength. Solution casting is performed from a degassed 15–22% aqueous PVA solution at 80–95°C onto a polished steel belt or release liner. The drying tunnel temperature profile is set from 90°C to 130°C, and the film is conditioned to 8–12% moisture before winding to prevent blocking. Tensile strength of conditioned film typically falls in the range 30–50 MPa with elongation 200–300% under ASTM D882-18; tear initiation resistance is assessed by ASTM D1922-19. The critical processing window is narrow: thermal degradation of PVA accelerates above 200°C, while urea or highly alkaline fill formulations can plasticize and destabilize the film during storage. Packaging filled with liquid detergents at pH 7.0–9.0 requires compatibility testing for plasticizer migration and seal peel strength. For food contact film, 21 CFR 177.1670 applies to polyvinyl alcohol film; migration limits depend on the final formulation and food simulant.
Extrusion of 17-99L on a twin-screw extruder with L/D 40:1 requires a temperature profile of 130–190°C and low screw speed to avoid shear heating. Water/glycerol plasticizer mixtures are injected into the melt at 15–25 wt%; vent port vacuum must be maintained below 30 kPa to prevent bubble defects. The main failure modes on converting lines are edge curl due to non-uniform moisture, die lip buildup from partially gelled PVA, and heat-seal jaw contamination. Because 17-99L has high molecular weight, the melt viscosity is higher than low-DP grades; die pressure on a 600 mm coat-hanger die may exceed 12 MPa if melt temperature is below 160°C. Film stored above RH 60% at 25°C begins to block and lose seal strength. Published data for this specific extrusion configuration is limited; pilot-scale start trials are recommended.
Dry-pressed alumina bodies formed from spray-dried granules use 17-99L as a temporary organic binder at 0.5–3.0 wt% based on dry ceramic solids. The binder is first dissolved in deionized water at 85–95°C to a 5–10% solution and added to an aqueous ceramic slip before spray drying. Spray dryer inlet temperature is controlled at 180–240°C, outlet temperature at 90–120°C, and target granule size is 100–300 µm with moisture 0.5–1.5%. Green bodies compacted at 80–150 MPa exhibit three-point bending strength in the range 2.0–4.5 MPa as measured by ISO 14704 on green compacts. The binders within this viscosity band produce dense granule shells and adequate flowability, but high ash content is a limiting variable. Shuangxin 17-99L has ash not exceeding 0.5%, which is acceptable for structural oxide ceramics but not for electronic substrates or transparent ceramics that require ash below 0.05%. Debinding must use a slow ramp of 0.5–2°C/min to 500°C and a hold of 1–2 h; residual carbon can be assessed by thermogravimetric analysis under air. A process conflict arises when binder add-on is increased to improve green strength: above 3.5 wt% the sprayed granules become too hard and fail to deform during pressing, producing laminations after sintering. Conversely, below 0.5 wt%, granule attrition increases and fines segregate in the hopper.
In tape casting of alumina substrates, 17-99L can be used in the organic vehicle at 8–15 wt% of the vehicle solids, with polyethylene glycol 400 and butyl benzyl phthalate as plasticizers. The cast slurry is adjusted to 1500–4000 mPa·s at 20 rpm Brookfield viscosity and deaired under vacuum. Tape thickness of 100–300 µm is cast onto a moving polymeric carrier at 0.5–1.5 m/min. High molecular weight PVA gives good green tape handling but produces higher drying shrinkage and edge curling if the drying rate exceeds 10°C/min. The use of 17-99L in electronic tape is constrained by the same ash specification; in addition, sodium content is not declared below 0.5% and is insufficient for low-temperature co-fired ceramic tape requiring <0.1% alkali residues. For such electronic grades, a lower-ash speciality PVA should be specified.
When 17-99L is fed to polyvinyl butyral synthesis, the 98.0–99.0 mol% hydrolysis level and 25.0–31.0 mPa·s viscosity define the acetalization rate and the final PVB molecular weight. The PVA is dissolved in deionized water at 8–12% solids and acidified with hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid to pH 0.5–1.5. Butyraldehyde is added at 0.62–0.75 mol per mole of vinyl alcohol, and the reaction is held at 50–75°C under high-shear dispersion to control particle size. Acetalization proceeds to a target residual hydroxyl content of 18–23 mol% in the PVB resin, which is controlled by infrared spectroscopy and titration. The high degree of polymerization of 17-99L increases interlayer tear strength but lowers melt flow; therefore PVB resin from this grade may require plasticizer levels of 28–38 phr of triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate or dioctyl phthalate for sheet extrusion. The glass transition temperature of the plasticized PVB is typically in the range 30–40°C. Finished laminated glass interlayers must meet mechanical and optical requirements under ECE R43 and ISO 16933:2007 for impact and penetration resistance. Residual free butyraldehyde in the resin must be below 100 mg/kg; residual hydrochloric acid is neutralized and washed to <0.05% ash. The main process conflict is that high-molecular-weight PVA forms highly viscous aqueous solutions even at 10% solids, which limits pumping and can create local overheating. If the reaction temperature exceeds 85°C before sufficient acetalization, crosslinked PVB particles and yellow color can form. Published data for this specific 17-99L PVB configuration is limited; reactor trials typically start with lower solids of 8%.
Batch-to-batch variation in residual sodium acetate and ash from the PVA can affect the thermal stability of PVB film in long-term ultraviolet exposure. The ash specification of ≤0.5% is sufficient for general safety glass but may not satisfy photovoltaic encapsulant film where sodium migration is a reliability concern. The particle size distribution of the PVA feed also controls the initial dissolution time; screening through 80 mesh before dissolution in the charging vessel reduces fish-eye defects. The high crystallinity of 17-99L extends dissolution time at 80°C; charging must be done slowly under high agitation to prevent lumps. After acetalization, the resin is precipitated, neutralized with sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, washed with deionized water to conductivity below 10 µS/cm, and dried at 45–60°C to moisture 0.5–1.5%. The final PVB is not characterized by a single standard; shear modulus and optical haze are measured by methods aligned with automotive interlayer specifications.
In spiral paper tube and core winding, 17-99L serves as a wet-tack modifier for starch or dextrin adhesives at 10–30 parts per 100 parts base adhesive solids. The hot adhesive is applied by doctor roll or scraper bar to plies of recycled paperboard at line speeds of 80–200 m/min. The addition of 17-99L raises the cohesion of the wet bond during the forming mandrel wrap, reducing ply delamination on high-torque cores. Viscosity at application temperature 60–70°C is maintained between 3000 mm²/s and 8000 mm²/s; above this range, starved transfer occurs. Because the fully hydrolyzed PVA has strong film strength after cooling, core compressive strength under axial load test improves. The relevant test method for paper tube axial strength is often mill-specific rather than standardized; ring crush of incoming paperboard is measured by ISO 12192 or TAPPI T 822. The operational boundary is drying capacity: PVA-modified adhesives require greater heat input to remove water from the outer ply, and line speed may be limited by dryer length. If line speed is not reduced, moisture trapped between plies causes mold growth or seam opening in high-humidity storage. For indirect food contact, adhesive components should be evaluated under 21 CFR 175.105.
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Shuangxin 17-99L PVA (also listed as PVA 100-27L in procurement documentation) is a fully hydrolysed polyvinyl alcohol resin carrying a nominal degree of polymerisation of 1700 and an alcoholysis degree of 99.0–100.0 mol%. The alternate grade designation PVA 100-27L reflects a nominal solution viscosity of 27 mPa·s in a 4% aqueous solution at 20 °C; the 100 prefix is associated with fully hydrolysed chemistry in some supplier nomenclature systems, while the L suffix is used by the vendor to denote a low-ash or low-volatile variant. Published data for this exact suffix is limited, and release values should be confirmed against the producer certificate of analysis. As supplied, the material is a granular solid with release limits for volatile matter at ≤5.0 % and ash at ≤0.7 % by mass. The fully hydrolysed backbone gives high crystallinity, low cold-water solubility, and a dissolution temperature above 88 °C. The routine release properties and corresponding Chinese national test methods are listed below.
| Property | Specified range | Test method |
|---|---|---|
| Alcoholysis degree | 99.0–100.0 mol% | GB/T 12010.6-2010 |
| Viscosity, 4% aqueous solution at 20 °C | 25.0–31.0 mPa·s | GB/T 12010.3-2010 |
| Volatile matter | ≤5.0 % | GB/T 12010.5-2010 |
| Ash | ≤0.7 % | GB/T 12010.4-2010 |
| pH at 20 °C | 5–7 | GB/T 12010.8-2010 |
The dual designation does not indicate a blend; both designations refer to the same fully hydrolysed product class. Where the two names appear together, 17-99L is the Chinese domestic grade designation and 100-27L is used in export documentation. Laboratories should cross-check the lot number and certificate of analysis because suffix usage can differ between production sites.
The principal structural difference between 17-99L and partially hydrolysed PVA grades such as 17-88 is the residual acetate group content. A fully hydrolysed resin with an alcoholysis degree of 99.0–100.0 mol% contains 0–1.0 mol% residual acetate groups, whereas a 17-88 grade retains approximately 12 mol% acetate groups. The acetate groups disrupt interchain hydrogen bonding and reduce crystallinity; the result is that 17-88 hydrates and dissolves in water at 20–40 °C, while 17-99L develops a clear solution only after heating to 88–95 °C. This dissolution temperature differential changes process design. Coating and sizing lines switching from 17-88 to 17-99L must raise storage-tank and jacketed-kettle temperatures and must manage higher hot-solution viscosity at equivalent solids. Fully hydrolysed films also show greater resistance to room-temperature re-wetting, which is relevant when dried film is exposed to condensation or alkaline paper converting environments. Conversely, partial hydrolysis improves wetting and adhesion to hydrophobic surfaces, so 17-88 is preferred for cold-water adhesive systems where re-solubility is an advantage.
Preparation of a 10 wt% stock solution at production scale involves dispersing the powder in cold demineralised water at 25–35 °C under agitation before heating to 90–95 °C. Direct addition of dry powder to hot water produces gel shells and fisheyes that require extended holding and can blind 100–150 µm filter cartridges. In a 5,000 L jacketed vessel equipped with a 45°-pitched blade turbine running at 80–120 rpm, complete dissolution is typically observed within 60–90 min at 90–95 °C. After cooling, a 4% solids solution should fall within 25.0–31.0 mPa·s at 20 °C when checked by Brookfield viscometer; values outside this window commonly indicate either moisture uptake during storage or thermal-mechanical chain scission. Vacuum deaeration at 20–30 kPa absolute is applied before film casting or precision coating to remove entrained air that otherwise forms craters and streak defects. Centrifugal or cartridge filtration to 50–100 µm is recommended downstream of the letdown tank to remove residual gel particles.
Substitution of 17-99L for partially hydrolysed 17-88 in paper surface sizing raises the working bath temperature from 30–50 °C to 80–95 °C. The fully hydrolysed film exhibits higher tensile stiffness and lower elongation at break, which improves surface pick resistance but increases brittleness; plasticisers such as glycerol or PEG 400 are therefore incorporated at 5–15 phr. In textile warp sizing, the high crystallinity of 17-99L maintains yarn abrasion resistance at low humidity but can produce size shedding if the drying section exceeds 140 °C. Production lines using 17-99L commonly set the size box temperature at 85–90 °C and doctor blade pressure between 150–400 kPa depending on machine speed. Residence time above 95 °C should not exceed 120 min because hydrolysis and oxidation reduce viscosity, and batch-to-batch variation in ash below 0.7 % can alter film clarity on coloured grades. The higher solution viscosity also reduces penetration into unbleached recycled fibre, so the internal sizing chemical demand may need adjustment to maintain ash retention.
In polyvinyl acetate emulsion polymerisation, 17-99L is used as a protective colloid at 2–8 wt% on monomer. The fully hydrolysed grade produces higher aqueous-phase viscosity per unit mass than 17-88 and yields emulsions with larger particle sizes if the colloid addition is not adjusted. Dried films from 17-99L-containing adhesives resist re-dissolution in cold water but remain alkali-sensitive. Formulators using borax or boric acid should exercise caution because syneresis or gelation can occur at concentrations above 0.1 wt% of wet adhesive. The grade is also used for hot-water-soluble film where solubility is required only above 80 °C; published data for this specific configuration is limited, and laboratory dissolution trials are required before line qualification. For caustic-strippable temporary coatings, the fully hydrolysed grade provides controlled solubility in dilute sodium hydroxide at 0.5–2.0 mol/L, but swelling rate depends on film thickness and plasticiser content.
In coating applications requiring permanent water resistance, 17-99L is crosslinked with glyoxal at 0.5–2.0 wt% based on resin solids or with ammonium zirconium carbonate at 1–3 wt%. The crosslinking reaction is pH-sensitive; glyoxal reactivity increases under acidic conditions at pH 4–5, while ammonium zirconium carbonate requires pH 8–9. Pot life decreases with temperature, so formulated baths should be held below 30 °C and used within 8 h. Crosslinked films resist re-wetting but become thermoset-like and cannot be re-dissolved; this is an important difference from uncrosslinked 17-88-based films that can be removed with cold water.
Thermoplastic conversion of 17-99L requires plasticisation because the crystalline melting region is above the onset of thermal degradation. Typical compounds contain 10–25 phr glycerol, sorbitol, or trimethylolpropane and are produced on a twin-screw extruder with L/D 30:1, barrel zones at 150–190 °C, and screw speeds of 200–300 rpm. Melt temperatures above 200 °C produce yellowing and gel particles. Cast film of 40–60 µm thickness can show oxygen transmission rates below 1.0 cm³·m⁻²·d⁻¹·bar⁻¹ at 0% relative humidity by ASTM D3985, but the barrier property deteriorates rapidly above 60% relative humidity. Plasticiser migration kinetics also alter barrier and mechanical properties over time; films should be conditioned at 50% relative humidity and 23 °C before tensile testing under ASTM D882. Typical slot-die cast-film operations run a 1,200 mm die with 0.6–0.8 mm die gap and a casting roll held at 40 °C; draw resonance is controlled by keeping the air gap below 20 mm and adjusting melt viscosity through water content.
The release limit for ash at ≤0.7 % is not merely a purity marker; it reflects residual sodium acetate from saponification. At film extrusion temperatures, excess ash can accumulate on die lips as a white deposit and increase haze in cast films. Volatile matter above 5.0 % reduces feed consistency and can generate steam pressure in the extruder vent, causing surging. Converters should therefore verify as-received moisture by loss-on-drying or Karl Fischer titration and store the resin at relative humidity below 60 %. Sieve residue is monitored to control fisheye formation: over-coarse granules dissolve slowly, while excessive fines below 0.075 mm create dust and hydration agglomerates. Typical process specifications include ≤2.0 % retained on 0.25 mm and ≤10.0 % passing 0.075 mm; however, the producer’s certificate of analysis is the controlling document for the Shuangxin designation.
Within the fully hydrolysed series, higher-numbered grades such as 20-99 and 26-99 have degree-of-polymerisation values above 1700 and correspondingly higher solution viscosity at equivalent solids. They are selected where dry film toughness and water resistance must increase, but they require lower coating solids and longer dissolution times. In contrast, lower-viscosity fully hydrolysed grades such as 13-99 or 14-99 dissolve more easily and allow higher solids, but produce lower tensile strength films. The 17-99L grade occupies a mid-range position: at 4% solids its 25.0–31.0 mPa·s viscosity provides sufficient film build in sizing and adhesive applications without excessive high-shear viscosity during pumping. Selection between 17-99L and 20-99 should be based on rheological measurements at the intended solids, not on dry-film data alone.
Because the fully hydrolysed backbone is hygroscopic, resin storage requires a dry environment with ambient relative humidity below 60 %; pre-drying at 80–90 °C for 2–4 h is recommended if the volatile content exceeds 5.0 %. The product is incompatible with strong oxidising agents, concentrated halogens, and aldehydes that can crosslink and produce insoluble gels. Aqueous solutions support microbial growth, and batches held longer than 24 h at ambient temperature should be preserved or cooled to 5–10 °C. The grade should not be combined with amine-based additives in high-pH formulations if viscosity stability is a critical requirement. Because public literature for the Shuangxin 17-99L / PVA 100-27L designation is limited, final qualification should use vendor certificate-of-analysis data and plant-scale trials.
