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Anhui Liwei Chemical Co., Limited.

Trosifol Colours/Tints

    • Product Name: Trosifol Colours/Tints
    • Factroy Site: Lingwu, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
    • Price Inquiry: sales2@liwei-chem.com
    • Manufacturer: Anhui Liwei Chemical Co., Limited.
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    Specifications
    HS Code 819185
    Product Trosifol Colours/Tints
    Material Polyvinyl butyral (PVB) interlayer
    Colorrange Wide range including transparent, translucent, opaque, and custom colors
    Lighttransmittance Varies by color; clear tints offer high transmission, darker tints reduce transmission
    Uvprotection Blocks over 99% of UV radiation up to 380 nm
    Adhesion Strong bonding to glass and other rigid substrates
    Thicknessoptions Available in 0.38 mm, 0.76 mm, and 1.14 mm and multiples thereof
    Tensilestrength High tear strength and elasticity for impact resistance
    Solarcontrol Colored and tinted interlayers help reduce solar heat gain and glare
    Soundinsulation Provides acoustical damping when laminated with glass, improving with thicker interlayers
    Durability Resistant to moisture, thermal cycling, and yellowing over time
    Applications Architectural glass, facades, balustrades, partitions, automotive, and security glazing

    As an accredited Trosifol Colours/Tints factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.

    Packing & Storage
    Packing Trosifol Colours/Tints is packaged as rolls of PVB interlayer film, typically supplied in protective cartons, with quantities varying by order.
    Container Loading (20′ FCL) 20′ FCL: cartons/pallets loaded tightly, secured, moisture-protected, no mixed goods, stable weight distribution for safe transport.
    Shipping Trosifol Colours/Tints are supplied as rolled interlayers on protective pallets, wrapped to prevent moisture ingress and mechanical damage. They are non-hazardous under standard transport conditions. Use enclosed dry vans or containers, avoid excessive heat, humidity, and sharp impacts. Ensure secure, flat loading to maintain material integrity during transit.
    Storage Store Trosifol Colours/Tints in a cool, dry area away from direct sunlight, UV radiation, and heat sources. Keep rolls in their original, sealed packaging, laid flat horizontally to prevent deformation or sticking. Maintain stable temperatures between 5–30°C and low humidity. Protect from water, dust, and sharp objects. Use first-in, first-out rotation to ensure optimal performance.
    Shelf Life Shelf life: 12 months from date of delivery when stored cool, dry, and in original unopened packaging.
    Application of Trosifol Colours/Tints

    Coloured PVB interlayers are laminated between heat-strengthened or tempered glass panes in unitised curtain wall assemblies where the interlayer supplies both post-breakage retention and a defined spectral transmission window. A typical spandrel build uses 6 mm heat-strengthened outer glass, 0.76 mm Trosifol Colours/Tints interlayer, and 6 mm heat-strengthened inner glass. The laminate is specified against EN 12600 impact-class requirements when installed in areas accessible to occupants. Solar transmittance and reflectance are measured according to EN 410, and colour coordinates are checked under D65 illumination using the 10° standard observer specified in ISO 11664-2. Batch-to-batch drift in facade projects is controlled with spectrophotometers configured for CIE L*a*b* geometry. When installed into a unitised system, the edge seal compatibility with structural silicone must be confirmed, because pigmented PVB can release plasticiser into the sealant contact zone. Interlayer thickness is selected from post-breakage load retention rather than from visual colour intensity. A 0.38 mm single ply is not normally specified for overhead or balustrade retention. Thermal stress analysis of the glass plies must account for the higher solar absorption of dark-tint interlayers. Field investigations from south-facing facade projects have recorded cracking in heat-strengthened outer lites where this absorption was omitted from finite-element stress models.

    Lamination is conducted on a nip-roller line with glass pre-heat between 60 °C and 80 °C, followed by autoclave curing at 130 °C to 140 °C and 11 bar to 13 bar. Pre-layup moisture content is maintained between 0.35 wt% and 0.55 wt%. Production logs from laminating lines processing dark-tint PVB have recorded edge seal failures when the de-airing line speed is not reduced by 10% to 20% relative to clear PVB. The mechanism is increased radiative heat uptake into the pigmented interlayer during pre-nip heating. Nip-roller pressure is set at 4 bar to 6 bar depending on glass width. After autoclave, laminates are held for 24 h at 20 °C to 25 °C before final optical inspection. Edge deletion is performed only when the laminate is intended for structural silicone bonding, and the deletion width is set according to the sealant manufacturer’s joint design guide. Interlayer colour within the vision area is compared against a master standard using a colour difference tolerance of ΔE*ab ≤ 0.5 for large-area facade panels. The darker the tint, the more visible any gel defect or thickness striation becomes, so incoming roll inspection is performed under a light table at transmitted illuminance of 1500 lux to 2000 lux. Coloured PVB interlayers supplied into the European Economic Area are covered by REACH registration obligations. RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU does not apply to architectural laminated glass itself, but it can apply to display cases with integrated electrical lighting.

    When EN 356 P4 and EN 12600 1B1 Are Required from a Single Tinted Interlayer Build

    Security glazing for entry doors and attack-resistant partitions is specified when a single laminate must retain glass fragments under repeated impact. A four-sided supported panel with 6 mm glass, 1.52 mm Trosifol Colours/Tints interlayer, and 6 mm glass is often evaluated for EN 356 P4 and EN 12600 1B1, but the actual classification depends on glass type, edge engagement, and interlayer adhesion. The pigmented interlayer does not replace the need for multi-ply build-ups under higher attack ratings. EN 356 P5 and P6 classifications generally require multi-layer PVB or PVB/polycarbonate combinations. The thickness and colour stability of the tinted interlayer under impact are evaluated by measuring glass fragment adhesion after drop testing. The test specimen is conditioned at 20 °C to 25 °C for at least 4 h before impact. The impactor mass and drop height are defined in EN 12600. The laminate must retain the bulk of glass fragments on the interlayer and must not show a tear larger than the specified limit. For detailed security performance, published data for Trosifol Colours/Tints in EN 356 multi-layer stacks is limited, and each glass build is tested by the fabricator or an accredited laboratory. The interlayer is also checked for pummel adhesion to verify that the colour pigments do not suppress adhesion to the glass surface. Adhesion levels below a pummel value of 3 are associated with poor fracture retention; values above 8 can indicate excessive adhesion and reduced impact energy absorption. A pummel test is run on coupons taken from the same autoclave batch.

    Laminators processing security builds with Trosifol Colours/Tints report that the tinted PVB film is stiffer at room temperature than clear PVB at the same thickness, particularly for dark blue and green. The layup room is therefore maintained at 18 °C to 22 °C and 25% RH to 35% RH to reduce curl. Multiple plies are cut and interleaved in the same orientation to prevent colour banding. The autoclave cycle for thick multi-layer builds is extended to 150 min to 180 min to ensure full wet-out at the glass surface. De-airing for 1.52 mm single-ply coloured interlayers is more critical than for 0.76 mm clear films, because higher melt viscosity at the edge seal can trap air. Vacuum-ring or vacuum-bag de-airing is used for curved security glazing. After autoclave, the laminate edge is inspected under a 10x magnifier for bubbles larger than 0.5 mm in diameter within 20 mm of the edge.

    For laminated roof systems, the pigmented PVB layer is placed between the outboard glass and the inboard glass. The outer pane is usually 2.1 mm or 2.6 mm clear, low-iron, or solar-control glass. The inboard pane may be thin soda-lime or chemically strengthened aluminosilicate. Interlayer thickness for automotive overhead applications frequently falls between 0.76 mm and 1.52 mm. Trosifol Colours/Tints is processed on automotive lamination lines with de-airing at controlled 20% RH to 30% RH. ECE R43 governs optical transmittance requirements for windscreens; for roof glazing, visible light transmittance may be lower, but the laminate must not introduce visible colour streaks. Colour homogeneity is checked by visual inspection under diffuse light and by spectrophotometer readings at five points across the pane. The interlayer is qualified for UV stability under prolonged xenon-arc exposure per ISO 4892-2. Solar transmission is measured from 300 nm to 2500 nm. Dark-tint interlayers reduce visible transmission and can lower solar heat gain coefficient when paired with infrared-reflective coated glass. The total solar heat gain coefficient depends on the coating stack and glass composition, not on the PVB tint alone. Any adhesion promoter applied to the PVB surface must be selected to avoid shifts in colour coordinates after autoclaving. The autoclave cycle for automotive roof laminates often requires 135 °C to 140 °C. After lamination, edge seal inspection is performed at 10x magnification to detect air inclusions caused by incomplete de-airing.

    Bent roof glass is produced on gravity sag-bending tooling before lamination. The interface between the bent glass and the coloured PVB is sensitive to shape deviation. A gap larger than 0.15 mm between the two plies at the edge leads to insufficient edge seal during vacuum de-airing. Curved automotive roofs are therefore checked with a digital feeler gauge after bending. The PVB film is pre-cut and can require thermal relaxation at 10 °C to 15 °C for 24 h to reduce shape memory. Assembly fixtures for roof laminates align the glass within ±0.5 mm. After autoclave, the cross-section of the laminate is inspected for interlayer thickness reduction at the edge. The reduction should be less than 5% of nominal thickness. These limits are typical for automotive PVB laminating lines and are verified against supplier processing recommendations.

    Compliance matrix for Trosifol Colours/Tints laminate downstream segments
    Application segmentRequired performanceStandard or test methodTypical glass buildColour/tint function
    Unitised facade spandrelPost-breakage retention, solar transmittanceEN 12600, EN 410, ISO 11664-26 mm HS / 0.76 mm tint / 6 mm HSColour match and visual screening
    Security door and partitionImpact penetration resistanceEN 356, EN 12600, 16 CFR 12014–6 mm glass / 1.52 mm tint / 4–6 mm glassFragment retention and privacy
    Automotive roof glazingOptical quality, UV resistanceECE R43, FMVSS 205, ISO 4892-22.1 mm glass / 0.76 mm tint / 2.1 mm glassSolar attenuation and colour consistency
    Interior partition and retail displayImpact safety, colour stabilityEN 12600, ANSI Z97.1, ASTM D10035 mm glass / 0.76 mm tint / 5 mm glassAesthetic differentiation and safety
    Rail vehicle side windowImpact retention, fire-smoke behaviourEN 15152, EN 45545-24 mm glass / 0.76 mm tint / 4 mm glassVisual screening and light control

    What Cleaning and Edge-Seal Limits Apply to Dark-Tint PVB in High-Touch Interiors?

    Interior partition systems with exposed coloured PVB edge margins are frequently cleaned with alcohol-based disinfectants. Polyvinyl butyral is not resistant to prolonged contact with ethanol, isopropanol, or ketones. The exposed edge of a Trosifol Colours/Tints interlayer should be protected by a suitable edge seal or laminated into a finished profile that prevents direct liquid contact. Failure to seal edges in high-touch installations leads to extraction of plasticiser and whitening at the edge. The aesthetic defect is caused by solvent penetration along the glass-interlayer interface. Cleaning compatibility should be specified in the project maintenance manual. For full-surface cleaning of glass, the interlayer is not directly exposed. For replacement of ceramic frit in spandrel glass, the coloured interlayer offers a uniform back-painted appearance but without the abrasion resistance of fired enamel. The scratch resistance of the back surface is determined by the inner glass lite, not by the interlayer. When edge-deleted panels are used in structural glazing, the exposed notch must be sealed against moisture and cleaning agents. The sealant must be neutral cure silicone; acid-cure silicones release acetic acid during curing and can etch the PVB edge. This edge etching changes colour coordinates and reduces edge adhesion. Published data for PVB chemical compatibility indicates that alcohol concentrations above 30% by volume may cause edge attack. Specific Trosifol Colours/Tints data for all disinfectant formulations is limited.

    Colour stability in interior laminates is evaluated using a UV-through-glass test because the colour interlayer is shielded by the front glass. The relevant test method is based on ISO 11431 with exposure through a 4 mm soda-lime glass pane. The colour change after exposure is measured as ΔE*ab. For decorative interior glass, a ΔE*ab value below 1.0 after 1000 h of solar exposure is typically desirable. In high-humidity interiors such as pool enclosures, edge sealing is also required to prevent moisture ingress. Moisture penetration above 0.6 wt% in the PVB edge zone causes bubbling and delamination during solar heating. The edge seal must be applied before the panel reaches the construction site. Sealant compatibility tests are performed by immersion of small laminated coupons in the cleaning solution for 24 h at 20 °C to 25 °C, followed by adhesion and colour measurement.

    In display-case and retail fixture applications, the laminate must satisfy both safety glazing codes and merchandising requirements for colour consistency. The typical assembly uses 4 mm or 5 mm heat-strengthened glass with a 0.76 mm Trosifol Colours/Tints interlayer. The laminate is fall-tested to ANSI Z97.1 or classified according to EN 12600. The coloured interlayer is placed on the inside face of the front glass so that direct impact occurs against the clear glass surface. This arrangement protects the PVB from scratching and reduces visible edge damage. Retail display glazing is frequently edge-polished and left exposed, so the interlayer edge must be flush with the glass edge within ±0.3 mm. If the PVB is over-trimmed more than 0.5 mm, the resulting groove collects dust and lifts. If the PVB protrudes, it attracts finger marks and is difficult to clean. Display case manufacturers perform a light transmittance test on every batch to verify that the tint does not skew product appearance. The test is performed in accordance with ASTM D1003 using the procedure for transmission haze. Haze values above 1.5% for a coloured interlayer are not acceptable in high-end retail display applications. For large panel displays, the interlayer is inspected for optical distortion caused by thickness variation. The thickness variation is verified by micrometer at 10 points per roll. The final laminate is checked in a dark room using high-intensity slit-lamp illumination to detect gels and pigment agglomerates. Pigment agglomerates larger than 0.3 mm are rejected in edge-lit display panels.

    Impact Retention and Fire-Smoke Behaviour in Rail Glazing Are Evaluated with Different Test Sequences

    Rail vehicle side windows and marine cabin glazing are produced in short batch runs with high documentation overhead. The lamination build is usually 4 mm chemically strengthened glass, 0.76 mm Trosifol Colours/Tints interlayer, and 4 mm chemically strengthened glass. Impact performance is verified according to EN 15152 for railway glazing. Fire-smoke behaviour may be assessed under EN 45545-2 for rail vehicles, but the coloured PVB interlayer is not a fire-rated barrier. If the glazing is located in a fire boundary, the laminate must use a fire-resistant interlayer or be evaluated as a complete assembly. The tinted PVB contributes mass and some smoke, so the assembly must meet the specified hazard level for the vehicle area. Published data for Trosifol Colours/Tints in EN 45545-2 assemblies is limited; the laminator is responsible for testing the exact glass build. In marine interiors, impact safety and colour fastness are confirmed against the vessel classification society requirements, which often reference ISO 12543 and ISO 614 for glazing. The edge seal in rail and marine installations must survive repeated thermal cycling from -20 °C to 60 °C. The test sequence is based on 10 cycles of 4 h at each temperature. After thermal cycling, the laminate is inspected for edge delamination and colour shift. For tinted PVB, the edge seal should be a polyurethane or neutral cure silicone system. Butyl tape alone is not recommended for exposed edges in washdown areas.

    Quality assurance for rail and marine batches includes a Part Traceability File that records glass heat treatment furnace logs, PVB roll lot, autoclave cycle temperature and pressure chart, and adhesion coupon results. The adhesion test for PVB laminates is the pummel test, and the results are normally retained for 10 years. For marine applications, salt-spray exposure is performed according to ISO 9227 for 1000 h on edge-sealed coupons. After salt-spray exposure, the edge seal must show no creep greater than 2 mm and no interlayer whitening beyond 1 mm from the cut edge. These limits are applied as internal acceptance criteria because the classification societies do not always define exact pass values for coloured PVB.

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    Certification & Compliance
    More Introduction

    Trosifol Colours/Tints is a pigmented polyvinyl butyral (PVB) interlayer product for laminated safety glass. The material is supplied in roll form and is manufactured as a plasticized PVB sheet incorporating organic and/or inorganic colour pigments. Standard film thicknesses are 0.38 mm, 0.76 mm, 1.14 mm, and 1.52 mm; multiple plies can be stacked to create intermediate build-ups. Because the colorant system changes both spectral absorption and heat transfer during lamination, the processing parameters for a coloured make-up are not identical to those for unpigmented PVB. The product's mechanical behaviour after lamination is governed by the same PVB matrix used in Trosifol Clear, but the colorant package can alter tear propagation energy and adhesion equilibrium in ways that require lot-specific verification. Published data for colorant-specific thermal conductivity is limited; project-specific lamination trials on the intended glass stack are necessary before cycle time is fixed.

    No separate sub-model designation is used in the product datasheet; the specification is written by colour reference, thickness, and roll width. Roll widths are slit to order, with standard architectural widths up to 3210 mm depending on the colour reference. Luminous transmittance and colour coordinates are determined after lamination to EN 410:2011; haze is measured under ASTM D1003-21. Color is controlled in the CIE 1976 L*a*b* system with D65/10° illuminant/observer. A neutral grey tint at 0.76 mm will reduce luminous transmittance relative to clear PVB, but no single transmittance value can be assigned to the product family because pigment concentration differs among colour references. Opaque colours are used where visual transmission through the spandrel must be near zero; translucent tints are used for solar control and aesthetic modulation. Haze values below 1.5% are commonly specified for the clear PVB matrix; tinted and opaque grades may exceed that level due to pigment scattering. The batch-to-batch colour tolerance is expressed as a ΔE*ab limit; the actual limiting value should be taken from the lot certificate.

    PropertyTest methodReported typical range for plasticized PVB interlayers
    DensityISO 1183-1:20191.07–1.10 g/cm³
    Tensile strengthISO 527-3:201820–28 MPa
    Elongation at breakISO 527-3:2018> 200%
    Moisture content after conditioningKarl Fischer titration per ISO 15512:20190.4–0.6%
    HazeASTM D1003-21< 1.5% for clear PVB; tinted and opaque values are colour-specific

    The interlayer must be stored in sealed moisture-proof packaging at 5–25°C. Conditioning before laminating is carried out in a clean layup room at 18–22°C and 23–28% relative humidity. The PVB moisture content at layup is controlled between 0.4% and 0.6%; values above 0.6% increase the risk of bubble formation during autoclaving. If relative humidity exceeds 60%, pre-drying or longer conditioning at controlled RH is required before the film is placed between glass plies. Rolls that have been exposed to ambient air for more than 30 min should be returned to sealed storage until the surface moisture equilibrates. These boundaries apply to unpigmented PVB as well; the higher surface temperature of dark tints during infrared heating does not remove the need for moisture control.

    When Colorant Packages Modify the Autoclave Heat Profile

    High-absorption colour layers change the heat transfer within the glass stack during autoclave processing. In a conventional two-stage vacuum bag or nip-roller de-airing line followed by an autoclave at 12–14 bar and 135–140°C, unpigmented PVB requires a defined time-temperature curve to reach full adhesion. Dark-coloured interlayers absorb infrared radiation more strongly than clear PVB; therefore the outer glass surface and the interlayer edge may heat faster than the core. On production-scale lamination lines with 3.2 m autoclave diameter, operators report residual edge bubbles when the heating ramp for dark tints is copied directly from clear PVB settings. This failure mode is consistent with premature edge sealing before the central interlayer has reached the required flow temperature. The boundary condition is not a fixed temperature but a stack-specific balance of vacuum hold time, heating rate, and autoclave pressure. Vacuum hold times of at least 12–20 min are commonly used for thick coloured stacks before autoclave pressure is applied; a slower ramp of 10–20% relative to clear PVB may be required. Because spectral absorption varies by pigment, infrared pyrometer readings taken at the glass surface do not reliably indicate interlayer core temperature. Thermocouple-instrumented dummy stacks are the appropriate verification method.

    What Distinguishes Colours/Tints from Structural and Acoustic Interlayers?

    Trosifol Colours/Tints is a standard plasticized PVB interlayer, not a structural interlayer. The standard PVB matrix has a glass transition temperature between 20°C and 30°C and a relatively low shear modulus at long load durations; it is not formulated to supply the same post-breakage stiffness as Trosifol Structural or SentryGlas. The colorant system does not convert the product into an acoustic interlayer; transmission loss remains a function of the glass mass-spring-mass system and requires an acoustic PVB core if high sound insulation is specified. Compared with Trosifol Clear, the coloured product differs only in spectral absorption and visual transmission; the base adhesion and lamination process are within the same PVB processing envelope. Compared with cast-in-place liquid resin laminates, the roll-fed PVB process provides better thickness control because the film is manufactured to a nominal thickness, but liquid resin may be specified for certain double-curvature applications where sheet-fed interlayers require complex cutting patterns. As with all plasticized PVB, the product is viscoelastic; its effective shear modulus is rate- and temperature-dependent. Structural calculations must use the appropriate interlayer shear-transfer coefficient for the selected load duration and temperature, not a single elastic modulus.

    Acoustic performance is not an inherent property of the coloured PVB layer. Transmission loss through a laminated glass make-up depends on the glass thicknesses, interlayer damping, and cavity width in an insulating glass unit. For high sound insulation ratings, the colour film may be combined with an acoustic PVB core or a multi-ply interlayer stack; the coloured film alone should not be specified to meet a sound transmission class without testing under the relevant standard. Solar gains are determined by the spectral data of the complete make-up; selection of a tint should be based on the total solar transmittance calculated under EN 410:2011 or ISO 9050:2003, not on visible appearance alone.

    The interlayer has an operational temperature range limited by PVB viscoelasticity. Above 50°C continuous service, the shear transfer reduces markedly; laminated glass used in overheated façade cavities must be checked with the correct interlayer modulus for the design temperature. This is a shared limitation of standard PVB interlayers and is not unique to Trosifol Colours/Tints. In contrast, ionoplast interlayers retain higher stiffness at elevated temperatures, which is a design difference when specifying photovoltaic modules or overhead glazing with high solar gain. Compared with ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) interlayers, standard PVB requires moisture conditioning and autoclave pressure to achieve full optical clarity and adhesion. EVA may be processed by vacuum-bag lamination without an autoclave, but the selected interlayer system must be matched to the production equipment and the required safety glazing classification.

    Spandrel Zones, Façade Overlaps, and Protective Glazing

    Opaque colours within the range are specified for spandrel glazing where the interlayer must block visual access to insulation, brackets, and service zones. The pigmented PVB layer is laminated behind the glass surface, so the colour layer is protected from abrasion and weathering; this differs from externally applied silicone paint or exposed ceramic frit, which is applied to or fired on the glass surface. In curtain wall spandrels, the laminated make-up must be checked for thermal stress because a high-absorption colourant raises the temperature of the glass ply under solar irradiance. Annealed monolithic glass may require heat-strengthened or tempered glass according to EN 1863 or EN 12150 when the absorbed energy exceeds the annealed glass thermal stress resistance. The appropriate method for thermal stress evaluation is a finite-element calculation based on spectral absorption data and boundary conditions; a single colour reference cannot be assigned one safe value for all projects. When laminated to safety glazing standards, the make-up may be classified under EN ISO 12543-2 and tested for impact performance under EN 12600:2002; the resulting classification depends on glass type and thickness, not on the interlayer alone.

    Replacing Clear PVB with Pigmented PVB in Laminated Balustrades

    In balustrade and partition applications, a coloured PVB interlayer can be substituted for clear PVB if the glass make-up is otherwise unchanged. The substitution should not be made without revising the structural calculation because the interlayer shear-transfer coefficient may be affected by the pigment and by the operating temperature of the glass. At temperatures above 30°C, the shear modulus of plasticized PVB decreases; under sustained railing loads, the effective coupled glass action is lower than under short-duration impact. The coloured interlayer does not provide additional edge retention or post-breakage stiffness beyond that of a standard PVB interlayer. For balustrades with high post-breakage retention requirements, a multi-ply build-up with a structural interlayer may be required. The product is supplied with a standard PVB adhesion promoter system; adhesion is assessed by the pummel test or by lap-shear tests on laminated small specimens. High humidity during storage or improper nip-roller de-airing can reduce local adhesion; edge adhesion failures have been observed on lines where high-speed nip roller settings were not adjusted for thicker multi-ply stacks.

    Thermal Stress in Annealed Glass After Colorant-Induced Solar Absorption

    When a dark-coloured interlayer is used in an insulated glass unit or a single-glazed façade, the absorbed solar energy increases the temperature difference between the centre and edge of the glass ply. If the edge is shaded by the frame and the centre is exposed, the edge stress can exceed the residual annealing level and cause thermal breakage. The standard procedure for evaluating that risk is based on ASTM E2431-12 or equivalent finite-element thermal stress analysis. The required input data include the spectral transmittance, reflectance, and absorptance of the complete laminated make-up, not just the interlayer. A colour reference with visible transmittance near 20% may have a significantly different solar absorptance than one with the same visible transmittance but a different pigment composition. Therefore, colour substitution must be checked using the spectral data package of the selected colour reference. Heat-strengthened glass to EN 1863 or tempered glass to EN 12150 raises the allowable thermal stress; however, heat-treatment may introduce roller-wave distortion that must be considered when a thick pigmented PVB interlayer is used in point-supported glazing.

    Amine-containing sealants and cleaning agents should not be allowed to contact the interlayer edge or the laminate edge seal. Amine migration can alter PVB adhesion and cause edge yellowing or delamination. The laminated edge should be sealed or detailed so that volatile organic compounds cannot condense in the interlayer layer. In spandrel zones where silicone sealants are used, the sealant must be neutral-cure rather than acetoxy-cure if the edge is in direct contact with the PVB edge; the specific sealant compatibility should be confirmed with the sealant supplier and the interlayer manufacturer. For interior installations, the product is an article under Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (REACH); substances of very high concern are not intentionally added in the standard formulation. The product is outside the scope of RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU unless the laminated glass is incorporated into electrical and electronic equipment covered by the directive.