| HS Code | 443998 |
| Product Name | GOHSENOL P-610 |
| Chemical Family | Polyvinyl alcohol |
| Cas Number | 9002-89-5 |
| Appearance | White to pale yellow powder or granules |
| Odor | Slight characteristic odor |
| Degree Of Hydrolysis | 88 ± 1 mol% |
| Viscosity | 45 ± 5 mPa·s (4% aqueous solution at 20°C) |
| Ph | 5.0–7.0 (4% aqueous solution) |
| Residual Acetyl Group | Approximately 12 mol% |
| Volatile Content | ≤ 5.0 wt% |
| Ash Content | ≤ 0.7 wt% |
| Bulk Density | 0.45–0.60 g/cm³ |
| Solubility | Soluble in hot water; practically insoluble in organic solvents |
| Melting Point | Approximately 180–200°C (thermal decomposition may occur) |
As an accredited GOHSENOL P-610 factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | GOHSENOL P-610 is packaged in 25 kg multi-layer paper bags with polyethylene liners, ensuring safe handling and moisture protection. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | GOHSENOL P-610 loaded as 20′ FCL, palletized bags secured, with proper dunnage and ventilation to ensure safe transit. |
| Shipping | GOHSENOL P-610 is a polyvinyl alcohol resin supplied as white granular powder in sealed multi-layer bags, palletized and stretch-wrapped for transit. It is non-hazardous under international transport regulations, not subject to dangerous goods requirements. Protect from moisture, humidity, and sharp impacts during shipping; ensure dry, ventilated storage and avoid dust generation. |
| Storage | Store GOHSENOL P-610 in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from heat, open flames, and direct sunlight. Keep the container tightly closed to prevent moisture absorption and contamination. Avoid storing near oxidizing agents. Maintain moderate humidity and use proper labeling. Under these conditions, the product remains stable for its indicated shelf life. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life: 2 years from manufacture date when stored in original, unopened container under cool, dry conditions. |
In vinyl acetate-ethylene dispersion reactors operated at 40–80 °C, the protective colloid is first dissolved in demineralised water at 80–90 °C to a concentration of 8–12 wt% before the aqueous phase is charged to the pressure vessel. GOHSENOL P-610 is selected from the narrow hydrolysis band of 87–89 mol% and the 5.0–7.0 mPa·s 4 % solution viscosity band because the residual acetate units maintain interfacial activity at the vinyl acetate-water boundary without generating the excessive air entrainment observed with fully hydrolysed, higher-molecular-weight grades. The medium molecular weight reduces the low-shear viscosity plateau at high solids while retaining sufficient chain length to form a sterically stabilising layer around polymerising particles. In production-scale 10 m³ stainless steel reactors fitted with internal cooling coils and anchor impellers operating at 1.5–2.5 m/s tip speed, the aqueous PVOH phase is mixed with vinyl acetate monomer at a monomer-to-water ratio from 45:55 to 60:40. Addition of 2–6 wt% PVOH based on monomer is typical for final dispersion viscosities between 1,000 mPa·s and 12,000 mPa·s at 20 rpm on a Brookfield RVT viscometer. The polymerisation is initiated by sodium persulfate at 0.1–0.5 wt% on monomer, either thermally at 70–80 °C or as a redox couple with sodium metabisulfite at 40–55 °C. Buffer salts such as sodium bicarbonate or sodium acetate maintain pH between 4.0 and 5.5; excursions below pH 3.0 promote acid-catalysed transesterification of the PVOH backbone and reduce cold-water clarity. Process records from multi-reactor campaigns show that a sharp increase in agitator torque during the first 30 min of monomer addition usually precedes reactor fouling, especially when the PVOH feed concentration exceeds 10 wt% or when the vinyl acetate addition rate exceeds the jacket heat-removal capability. In such cases, the particle size distribution broadens from 0.2–1.0 µm to above 3.0 µm and the shear stability of the finished dispersion, assessed by ISO 2555 after 30 min at 10,000 s⁻¹, deteriorates. The same grade can be used in vinyl acetate-acrylic and styrene-acrylic dispersions where PVOH concentrations of 1–4 wt% on monomer reduce coagulum and improve mechanical stability, though compatibility with anionic surfactants must be checked when the surfactant dose exceeds 2 wt%.
At converting speeds above 1,000 m/min, surface size viscosity at the point of transfer must remain below 300 mPa·s at 100 s⁻¹ and 60 °C; otherwise the film splits unevenly and causes skip coating on the blade edge. GOHSENOL P-610 is cooked in a continuous jet cooker at 110–130 °C for 5–15 min at solids between 6 wt% and 12 wt%. When blended with oxidised corn starch at a dry weight ratio of 1:5 to 1:10, the PVOH fraction raises the surface pick strength of coated recycled board without pushing size press viscosity into an unmanageable range. Typical size press pickup is 0.5–1.5 g/m² dry PVOH per side. The resulting Cobb values measured under ISO 535 are commonly 20–30 g/m² on coated greyboard used for frozen-food packaging. The grade also functions as an optical brightener carrier; because the polymer film reduces quenching of the stilbene-based brightener at the surface, mills can reduce brightener dosage by 10–20 % relative to a starch-only formulation. This observation is supported by surface brightness measurements under ISO 2470-1 from coated board trials, although absolute response depends on base sheet ash and calendering conditions. A process limitation occurs when the cooked size solution is held above 80 °C for more than 8 h: mild hydrolysis of the PVOH backbone lowers solution viscosity, and the pickup drifts downward unless automatic solids control is in place. For applications requiring direct food contact, the dried size layer falls under 21 CFR 176.170 as a component of paper and paperboard in contact with aqueous and fatty foods, provided the PVOH meets the general migration limits applicable in the target market.
When high-density cotton/polyester warp yarns are sized on a production slasher at 40–100 m/min, the size-box temperature is held at 80–90 °C and the add-on is controlled between 8 wt% and 15 wt% on dry yarn weight. A typical size mix contains GOHSENOL P-610 at 60–100 parts, modified starch at 20–50 parts, acrylic size at 5–15 parts and a wax-based lubricant at 0.5–1.0 part. The 87–89 mol% hydrolysis window gives the dried film sufficient cold-water releasability for later desizing while retaining adhesion to polyester-rich yarns that would reject fully hydrolysed PVOH as a brittle film. Slasher operators monitor the size-box solids refractometrically between 6 wt% and 12 wt% and maintain drying cylinder surface temperatures at 120–140 °C. Yarn tensile strength after sizing, measured under ASTM D2256, typically increases by 5–12 % over unsized yarn, while elongation at break remains within 1–3 percentage points of the control to avoid warp break on high-speed air-jet looms running above 800 picks/min. Desizing is performed in a three-box open-width washer at 70–90 °C; residual starch is removed with amylase and the PVOH-containing wash water is captured for ultrafiltration recovery. Hard water above 200 mg/L CaCO₃ equivalent can reduce film clarity and increase size penetration variability, so softened or demineralised water is preferred for the cook vessel.
The 87–89 mol% hydrolysis range places the dissolution onset of unplasticised PVOH in cold water between 20 °C and 35 °C, whereas fully hydrolysed PVOH above 98 mol% requires water temperatures above 70 °C. GOHSENOL P-610 is formulated into aqueous casting solutions at 15–25 wt% solids with glycerol at 10–20 phr and sorbitol at 5–10 phr. The solution is filtered through 10 µm absolute-rated bag filters and degassed under vacuum of at least -0.08 MPa for 30–60 min before slot-die coating onto a stainless steel belt. Drying tunnels are zoned from 60 °C to 120 °C over 8–15 min, producing 30–80 µm film with residual moisture of 2–6 wt% as measured by Karl Fischer titration. Unplasticised PVOH has a dry-state glass transition temperature near 75–85 °C; plasticisation with glycerol at 10–20 phr depresses the film Tg to below ambient, which influences sealing and blocking. At 40 µm thickness, dissolution time in 10 °C water is strongly plasticizer-dependent; published data for this specific grade configuration is limited, and plant-scale trials are required before setting release specifications. Heat-seal jaw temperatures between 140 °C and 180 °C, pressures of 0.3–0.6 MPa, and dwell times of 0.5–1.5 s produce seam strengths that exceed 10 N/15 mm when tested under ISO 527-3. The film must not be exposed to borate-containing detergents or to polyvalent metal salts before sealing because borate crosslinks the diol units and increases insolubility. Storage at relative humidity above 60 % increases blocking tendency; predrying of the resin before dissolving is required when ambient RH exceeds 60 % and causes caking. For detergent unit-dose applications, compatibility testing under 21 CFR 177.1670 and EU Regulation 10/2011 is required if the film is considered a direct or indirect food-contact layer in export markets.
In aqueous ceramic tape casting for alumina substrates and multilayer ceramic capacitors, the binder must provide green strength without raising burnout ash above the tolerance of the dielectric system. A typical suspension is prepared by dispersing 100 parts ceramic powder in water with 0.1–0.5 part anionic dispersant, then adding GOHSENOL P-610 as a 3–7 wt% solution to achieve 3–7 parts PVOH per hundred parts ceramic. The slurry is adjusted to 1,500–3,500 mPa·s at 20 rpm on a Brookfield RVT viscometer before doctor-blade casting at gaps of 50–250 µm. Carrier speeds of 0.5–5 m/min and staged air-flotation drying from 60 °C to 100 °C produce green tape with thicknesses from 25 µm to 250 µm. Green tensile strength measured under ISO 527-3 typically falls between 1 MPa and 3 MPa for PVOH-bound tape, but published data for this specific P-610 grade in low-temperature co-fired ceramic formulations is limited; a laboratory tape-cast trial is mandatory before production lot approval. Burnout is performed in air or nitrogen between 350 °C and 500 °C with a ramp rate below 2 °C/min through the exothermic region to avoid lamination cracking. The grade must meet ash-content limits below 0.5 wt% and sodium content below 0.1 wt% when used in capacitor dielectric tape where residual alkali ions degrade insulation resistance.
Remoistenable gum for envelopes, labels and stamp coatings is compounded as a 10–25 wt% aqueous solution of PVOH with dextrin, glycerol and preservative. GOHSENOL P-610 can be used as the primary film former where the dried coating must remain non-tacky at ambient humidity below 65 % RH and then develop tack after remoistening. High-speed label converting lines at 200–400 m/min require coating viscosity between 1,000 mPa·s and 5,000 mPa·s at 20 rpm on a Brookfield RVT viscometer; drift above the upper limit causes pattern roll starvation, and drift below causes strike-through into release liner. The solution is prepared in jacketed mixers at 70–80 °C and held at 40–50 °C during application. For food-contact adhesive uses, the formulation must conform to 21 CFR 175.105, which governs adhesives used as components of packaging; extractives are tested by the methods referenced in the regulation. In polyvinyl acetate wood adhesive production, the same PVOH grade is used as a protective colloid at 3–5 wt% on monomer. The resulting emulsion is compounded with polyvinyl alcohol, calcium carbonate filler and defoamer; Brookfield viscosity is adjusted by PVOH level rather than by additional thickener. Open time on high-porosity substrates is controlled between 5 s and 15 s by the water-retention characteristics of the PVOH film. Borax must not be added to PVOH-based remoistenable coatings because it crosslinks adjacent diol units and produces an irreversible gel that cannot be redissolved by the end-user.
| Application zone | Regulatory or standard reference | Test method | Typical parameter verified |
|---|---|---|---|
| Remoistenable adhesive for food packaging | 21 CFR 175.105 | FDA extraction cell | Total extractives, chloroform-soluble fraction |
| Paper and paperboard size layer | 21 CFR 176.170 | Migration testing under intended use | Specific migration limits in target market |
| Water-soluble film | 21 CFR 177.1670 | Film dissolution and migration | Residual monomer, dissolution time |
| Emulsion viscosity stability | ISO 2555 | Brookfield rotational viscometry | Viscosity at 20 rpm, 23 °C |
| Film tensile response | ISO 527-3 | Tensile test at 23 °C, 50 % RH | Tensile strength, elongation at break |
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GOHSENOL P-610 is a partially hydrolysed polyvinyl alcohol supplied by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation in the Gohsenol series. The grade is identified by the manufacturer code P-610, which denotes a mid-viscosity, partially saponified PVOH rather than a direct specification of degree of polymerisation. Published manufacturer data list degree of saponification at 86.0–89.0 mol%, corresponding to residual acetyl content of 11.0–14.0 mol%, and a viscosity of 10.0–13.0 mPa·s for a 4% aqueous solution at 20°C. The product appears as a white to pale-yellow granular powder. Aqueous 4% solution pH is 5.0–7.5, volatile matter is below 5.0%, and ash as Na₂O is below 0.5% when tested according to JIS K 6726. These properties place P-610 in the partially hydrolysed PVOH band, where residual acetate groups disrupt interchain hydrogen bonding and reduce crystallinity relative to fully hydrolysed grades.
Primary application areas documented in supplier technical literature include emulsion polymerisation protective colloid, remoistenable and water-borne adhesives, paper coating cobinders, textile warp sizing, and temporary film support. Processing differs from fully hydrolysed PVOH because P-610 can be cold-slurried. Direct addition of dry powder to hot water is not recommended because surface gelation forms insoluble skins around undissolved particles. Production-scale dissolution is typically carried out by metering the powder into a vortex in cold water at 20–25°C using a high-shear disperser or venturi eductor. Batch-to-batch variation in viscosity and saponification can alter protective colloid behaviour; incoming QC against JIS K 6726 is therefore required before use in polymerisation or adhesive compounding.
| Property | Published value for GOHSENOL P-610 | Test basis |
|---|---|---|
| Degree of saponification | 86.0–89.0 mol% | JIS K 6726 titration |
| Viscosity, 4% aqueous solution at 20°C | 10.0–13.0 mPa·s | JIS K 6726 Brookfield method |
| pH, 4% solution | 5.0–7.5 | glass electrode method |
| Volatile matter | <5.0% | JIS K 6726 oven drying |
| Ash as Na₂O | <0.5% | JIS K 6726 ignition |
| Appearance | white to pale-yellow granule/powder | visual inspection |
Because the numerical suffix is a grade code, users should not calculate molecular weight directly from the designation 610. Instead, rheology and saponification data should be used for substitution decisions. The mid-viscosity band provides a balance between cohesive strength in adhesive films and manageable solution viscosity in coating or sizing baths. Compared with low-viscosity partially hydrolysed grades, P-610 contributes higher solution viscosity at equivalent solids and is selected when binding strength or adhesive tack is more important than maximum solids loading. Compared with fully hydrolysed PVOH of similar viscosity, P-610 dissolves at lower temperature and exhibits lower water resistance after drying.
The degree of saponification controls the fraction of residual acetate groups and therefore controls dissolution temperature, film tensile behaviour, and humid-ageing resistance. P-610 enters solution at 20–40°C under agitation, whereas fully hydrolysed PVOH with a saponification value of 98.0–99.0 mol% typically requires heating to 80–90°C for complete dissolution. In solution-cast film evaluations performed under ASTM D882-18, partially hydrolysed PVOH films of this type generally show lower tensile strength and higher elongation than fully hydrolysed grades of comparable viscosity; however, grade-specific published tensile data for P-610 film is limited and must be generated by the end user. The residual acetyl groups also reduce oxygen barrier performance measured under ISO 15105-2 and increase sensitivity to absorbed moisture. Consequently, P-610 is not a direct substitute for fully hydrolysed PVOH in barrier film, water-resistant sizing, or any application where low oxygen transmission rate and high wet strength are controlling specifications.
When a fully hydrolysed grade is used in the same viscosity band, solution preparation requires steam-jacketed cook tanks, whereas P-610 can be dispersed in cold water and then transferred without prolonged heating. This property is advantageous in adhesive and paper coating plants where heat-sensitive co-ingredients or lack of steam infrastructure limit cook temperature. The lower crystallinity of P-610 also reduces the tendency to form strong gels on cooling, although concentrated solutions can still form weak physical gels after storage at 5–10°C.
| Product class | Degree of saponification | Viscosity, 4% at 20°C | Dissolution temperature | Typical application bias |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GOHSENOL P-610 | 86.0–89.0 mol% | 10.0–13.0 mPa·s | 20–40°C | adhesives, paper coating, emulsion polymerisation |
| Fully hydrolysed PVOH in same viscosity band | 98.0–99.0 mol% | 10.0–13.0 mPa·s | 80–90°C | barrier films, water-resistant sizing |
| Low-viscosity partially hydrolysed PVOH | 86.5–89.0 mol% | 4.8–5.8 mPa·s | 20–40°C | high-solids binders, spray-dried powders |
The comparative bands in the table are representative industrial property ranges, not specifications for named third-party grades. Selection between P-610 and a low-viscosity partially hydrolysed grade is made by balancing required wet-tack strength against the viscosity ceiling of the downstream coater, size box, or adhesive applicator. Because P-610 sits in the 10.0–13.0 mPa·s band, it is not normally the first choice for high-solids spray-dried binders or for formulations that require low viscosity at high solids. In such cases, a 4.8–5.8 mPa·s partially hydrolysed grade is preferred.
During vinyl acetate emulsion polymerisation, P-610 functions as a steric stabiliser and as a substrate for graft copolymerisation. The residual acetate groups alter interfacial activity relative to fully hydrolysed PVOH, which affects nucleation rate, particle size distribution, and final latex viscosity. Particle size is measured by dynamic light scattering under ISO 22412:2017, and latex viscosity is measured under ISO 2555. Addition levels in emulsion polymerisation are commonly in the range of 2.0–4.0 wt% on total monomer, but the exact level is set by target latex particle size, acceptable viscosity build, and reactor heat removal capacity. In a 2,000 L stainless steel reactor with an anchor agitator at 60–80 rpm, the colloid solution is pre-charged or added as a delayed feed to maintain a stable monomer emulsion. Published data for this specific reactor configuration is limited, and users calibrate grafting behaviour against their own initiator and feed profile.
Incoming P-610 viscosity and saponification should be checked before each polymerisation campaign. A shift of 10–20% in solution viscosity can change pre-charge rheology and alter monomer droplet size. For process control, viscosity is measured at 20°C and 20 rpm using a Brookfield viscometer under ISO 2555. Uncontrolled addition of dry powder to the reactor pre-charge is a known production failure mode because partially hydrated particles act as gel seeds and increase screen plugging. The solution should be filtered through a 100 µm screen before transfer to the reactor to remove undispersed granules.
In remoistenable adhesive formulations, P-610 is prepared at 10–15% solids in cold water and blended with plasticiser, humectant, or synthetic polymer latex. Viscosity is adjusted with controlled borate addition because sodium tetraborate forms didiol complexes with the 1,2-diol residues of partially hydrolysed PVOH. The gel threshold is pH-dependent and formulation-dependent; at pH above 8, crosslinking accelerates rapidly and Brookfield torque can rise from approximately 1,000 mPa·s to a non-flowable gel with less than 0.5% additional borate relative to solution mass. Borate is therefore introduced as a dilute 1–2% aqueous solution under continuous pH monitoring and high-shear mixing. The ash content below 0.5% reduces insoluble residues that can deposit on applicator rolls and reduce adhesive clarity.
For food-contact adhesive applications, the finished formulation must meet FDA 21 CFR 175.105; bulk PVOH is not itself a finished food-contact article. Final compliance is the formulator’s responsibility and should include migration testing where the adhesive is applied to packaging. REACH status should be confirmed against the current safety data sheet because polymer exemption is evaluated under REACH Article 2(9). RoHS compliance for bulk PVOH resin is not a meaningful statement; finished articles must be assessed under the relevant electrical and electronic equipment directive.
Paper coating colour formulations containing P-610 as a cobinder are prepared by dispersing pigment, latex, starch, and PVOH solution with a high-shear mixer. Dry pick resistance is evaluated under TAPPI T 514 om-14; wet pick resistance is assessed separately because P-610 remains water-sensitive after drying. The low ash residue limits doctor-blade deposits and calender contamination in production coating runs. In offline blade coating, addition of 0.5–2.0 parts P-610 per 100 parts pigment is a representative loading range; optimisation is made against coat weight, porosity, smoothness, and print gloss. Published data for this specific configuration is limited because pigment type and latex compatibility dominate the response surface.
P-610 contributes film strength and helps control binder migration during drying. Unlike starch-only cobinders, it forms a continuous film with greater dry pick resistance at equal coat weight. However, because of cold-water solubility, unmodified P-610 is not used where wet-pick resistance is the controlling specification. In that case, a fully hydrolysed PVOH or a crosslinked synthetic binder is required.
Textile sizing operations use P-610 at 5–10% solids in a size box held at 50–60°C. Viscosity is maintained at 50–150 mPa·s by dilution and temperature control, measured with a Brookfield viscometer under ISO 2555. Low ash below 0.5% is significant because size residues on heddles, reeds, and drying cylinders reduce weaving efficiency. Desizing after weaving is carried out in hot water at 80–90°C; P-610 desizes more readily than fully hydrolysed PVOH because of its cold-water solubility, but effluent monitoring is required because residual PVOH contributes to chemical oxygen demand. In plant-scale operation, size-bath viscosity drift is more often caused by water evaporation than by PVOH degradation, so continuous refractive index or density compensation is used to hold solids within ±0.5%.
In melt extrusion trials and hot-melt compounding, pre-drying at 50–60°C for 2–4 h is required when the powder has been exposed to relative humidity above 60%. Moisture uptake above 5.0% reduces melt viscosity and can generate bubble defects. Barrel temperatures for unplasticised PVOH are set below the degradation onset; grade-specific published data for P-610 in melt extrusion is limited. The product is not intended for prolonged processing above 200°C without thermal stabiliser. Processors using P-610 as a water-soluble sacrificial layer should verify dissolution rate in the final geometry rather than relying on powder solubility data alone.
