| HS Code | 600822 |
| Product Name | Kuraray Mowital G 16 |
| Chemical Name | Polyvinyl butyral |
| Physical Form | White to light yellowish powder |
| Specific Gravity | 1.1 |
| Bulk Density | Approximately 300-500 kg/m³ |
| Viscosity | Approximately 16 mPa·s (10% in ethanol at 20°C) |
| Butyral Content | Approximately 70-80% |
| Acetyl Content | Approximately 1-4% |
| Hydroxyl Content | Approximately 17-23% |
| Softening Point | Approximately 100°C |
| Acid Number | <1 mg KOH/g |
| Water Content | <2% |
| Solubility | Soluble in alcohols, ketones, esters, glycol ethers; insoluble in water |
As an accredited Kuraray Mowital G 16 factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Kuraray Mowital G 16 is supplied as free-flowing granules in 25 kg multi-layer paper bags with polyethylene lining. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL container loaded with Kuraray Mowital G 16, packed in 25 kg bags on pallets, secured and moisture-protected. |
| Shipping | Kuraray Mowital G 16 is a polyvinyl butyral resin shipped as non-hazardous powder/granules. Pack in sealed multi-layer bags on pallets, protected from moisture and heat. No UN classification required, so standard dry-freight shipping applies. Avoid dust dispersion; use grounded equipment and store in a cool, ventilated area during transit. |
| Storage | Store Kuraray Mowital G 16 in a cool, dry area in its original, tightly sealed container. Protect from moisture, direct sunlight, and excessive heat or humidity. Avoid open flames and ignition sources. Under proper conditions, shelf life is typically at least two years. Keep away from incompatible materials and ensure good ventilation. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is typically 2 years when stored unopened in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight. |
Kuraray Mowital G 16, a polyvinyl butyral resin with a polyvinyl acetate content below 2 wt% and a glass transition temperature near 70 °C, is incorporated into two-component wash primers only after complete dissolution in organic solvent. The resin is dissolved at 7–10 wt% in a solvent mixture consisting of 40–60 wt% methyl ethyl ketone, 10–20 wt% n-butanol, and 10–20 wt% xylene. Phosphoric acid at 85% concentration is added at 0.8–1.5 wt% of total formula after the polymer solution has been fully homogenized to avoid localized gel formation. Chromium(VI) compounds are avoided and replaced with zinc phosphate or zinc aluminum phosphate at 3–6 wt% to satisfy REACH Annex XVII Entry 47. Application viscosity is adjusted to 20–25 s with a DIN 4 mm flow cup. Dry-film thickness is controlled at 5–10 µm because films above 15 µm show solvent entrapment and adhesion loss under ISO 2409 cross-cut testing. On aluminum 2024-T3 clad substrates, the primed surface is topcoated with epoxy polyamide or aliphatic polyurethane within 8 h; longer exposure is avoided because atmospheric moisture competes for the acid-activated interface. Scribe creep after 1000 h neutral salt spray per ASTM B117 is evaluated according to ASTM D1654. Qualified aerospace and industrial maintenance systems are accepted only when underfilm corrosion from the scribe does not exceed 2 mm. The primer is also used on galvanized steel coils prior to coil coating, where dry-film thickness is limited to 5 µm to prevent dielectric interference with subsequent welding operations.
In non-aqueous tape casting of alumina, barium titanate, and LTCC glass-ceramic powders, Kuraray Mowital G 16 is introduced as a pre-dissolved binder solution rather than as dry powder to avoid fish-eye defects. A typical slurry contains 100 parts by weight of ceramic powder, 8–12 parts of Mowital G 16, 2–5 parts of benzyl butyl phthalate or dibutyl phthalate, and 0.5–1.5 parts of a phosphate ester dispersant. The solvent system is a 60:40 toluene-to-ethanol mixture adjusted to a solids loading of 45–55 wt%. Ball milling is performed in a nylon-lined jar with 3 mm zirconia media for 24–48 h; the milled slurry is degassed under vacuum at 50–100 mbar until visible bubble evolution ceases. The practical upper binder loading is governed by binder burn-out rather than slurry viscosity. Above 14 parts per hundred of ceramic, thermogravimetric analysis shows a high-mass-loss event between 220 °C and 420 °C, and residual carbon can exceed 0.5 wt% at 600 °C unless oxygen flow is raised. Burn-out dwell steps are therefore programmed at 280 °C, 360 °C, and 450 °C with heating rates of 0.5–1.0 °C/min. Doctor-blade gaps are set between 80 µm and 300 µm, with carrier speeds of 0.5–2.0 m/min and two-zone drying at 35 °C and 65 °C. Tape thickness is verified per ISO 4593 across the web. Finished multilayer ceramic capacitors using nickel inner electrodes require a dielectric layer thickness after sintering of 3–10 µm; the green tape must not contain pinholes detectable by light-table inspection at 10× magnification. Published data for this specific Mowital G 16 ceramic configuration is limited in public sources. Production slurry formulations are therefore qualified by batch-level burn-out curves, green density, sintered density, and porosity measurements rather than by supplier-derived generalized tables.
Compounding of laminated safety glass interlayer begins with pre-drying the PVB resin to a residual moisture content below 0.2 wt% because higher moisture levels generate bubbles during sheet extrusion at 140–180 °C. Kuraray Mowital G 16 is dry-blended with triethylene glycol bis(2-ethylhexanoate) at 25–35 phr and fed to a co-rotating twin-screw extruder with an L/D ratio of 40:1. Barrel temperatures are profiled from 120 °C in the feed section to 175 °C at the die, with melt filtration through a 40 µm screen pack. The extruded sheet is calendered to 0.38 mm, 0.76 mm, or 1.52 mm nominal thickness. Thickness variation across a 2 m web is held below ±5% per EN ISO 12543-2:2021. The PVB sheet is stored at 18–22 °C and 20–30% RH before lamination because PVB is hygroscopic. Moisture uptake above 0.4 wt% reduces adhesion to silane-treated float glass and produces haze after autoclave lamination. Lamination is conducted in an autoclave at 1.1–1.4 MPa and 135–140 °C for 60–120 min. Interlayer adhesion is evaluated by pummel testing under ECE R43; impact resistance and optical performance are assessed by ANSI Z26.1:2012 and EN 12543-3. Final products include automotive windshields, laminated side glass, and security glazing systems. The main processing incompatibility is with excessive free water and with low-molecular-weight amines, which can hydrolyze residual acetate groups and cause local haze formation after lamination. The sheeting line must therefore avoid amine-containing slip additives and use only approved anti-blocking agents that do not plasticize the interlayer.
Mowital G 16 is dissolved at 10–15 wt% in a solvent blend of ethyl acetate and isopropanol at 70:30 to produce a heat-seal lacquer for yogurt and dairy lidding foil. The dry coating weight is maintained at 2–5 g/m² on 35–40 µm aluminum foil using a reverse gravure coater. Plasticizer content, typically dibutyl sebacate or acetyl tributyl citrate, is limited to 5–15 phr because higher levels reduce seal initiation temperature but cause blocking on the reel. Seal strength is measured on a heat-seal tester at 160–190 °C, 0.3 MPa, and 0.5 s dwell against oriented polystyrene or polypropylene cup rims. Minimum seal strength is specified at 5 N/15 mm. The coating must maintain peelable behavior after exposure to 4 °C storage and 40 °C/50% RH shelf storage without loss of seal integrity. Migration testing is performed according to EU Regulation 10/2011 with fatty food simulant D1 and aqueous simulant A. Compliance is documented by an EU 10/2011 declaration of conformity for the final package. Because PVB is alcohol-soluble but water-resistant, the dried lacquer survives filling-line condensation while still allowing solvent recovery from the coater exhaust. Coatings are dried in a forced-air oven with a first zone at 50 °C and a second zone at 85 °C. The chosen resin concentration is limited by thermal seal activation; concentrations above 15 wt% lower seal initiation too far and increase the risk of blocking during reel storage at ambient temperatures above 30 °C.
A temporary protective coating based on Kuraray Mowital G 16 functions as a dry, peelable mask for anodized aluminum profiles and polished stainless steel sheet during transport, bending, and installation. The resin is dissolved at 15–25 wt% in an ethanol/ethyl acetate blend at 50:50 and applied by airless spray or roller coater to a dry-film thickness of 20–50 µm. Acetyl tributyl citrate or dibutyl sebacate is added at 5–10 phr to reduce shrinkage-induced edge lifting during outdoor storage. Peel adhesion is deliberately maintained between 0.5 N/25 mm and 2.0 N/25 mm according to ISO 8510-2 so that the film removes as a coherent sheet after 6 months of exposure to UV and rain. Films thinner than 15 µm tear during removal because of UV-embrittled surface layers. Films thicker than 60 µm retain solvent and block when coiled. Drying is performed in a two-zone oven at 45 °C and 75 °C with forced air. The coating is not recommended for copper alloys because residual acid species from the PVB and environmental humidity can generate localized blue-green corrosion under the film. Hardness of the dried film is measured by ASTM D2240 and is typically held between 25 Shore D and 40 Shore D to balance removal ease against accidental tear during fabrication.
In high-speed flexographic printing of snack packaging and pressure-sensitive labels, Mowital G 16 serves as a co-binder that raises adhesion to corona-treated BOPP, PET, and nitrocellulose-based ink films without plasticizer migration. The ink vehicle contains PVB at 4–8 wt% of total formula, with nitrocellulose at 6–10 wt%, a polyurethane at 0–4 wt%, and a citrate plasticizer at 0–3 wt%. Pigment-to-binder ratio is held between 0.8:1 and 1.2:1. Application on a flexographic press with 360–600 LPI anilox rolls and 150–300 m/min web speed requires a viscosity of 18–25 s on a DIN 4 mm cup. Surface tension of BOPP and PET is set by corona treatment to 38–42 mN/m before printing. Adhesion is checked by tape pull per ASTM D3359 method B and should reach 5B. In extrusion lamination with LDPE, the ink-to-primer bond is tested according to ASTM F904; failure mode should be film tear, not adhesive delamination. The PVB resin is added as a pre-dissolved 25 wt% solution in ethanol/ethyl acetate 50:50 to avoid high-shear viscosity spikes during ink let-down. Residual solvent content in the printed film is monitored by headspace gas chromatography and must stay below the limits of EU Regulation 10/2011 for the package structure. Water-based flexographic systems are not recommended with this resin because PVB precipitates below 70% alcohol content and produces unstable viscosity in high-pH press-side aqueous blends.
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Kuraray Mowital G 16 is a polyvinyl butyral resin manufactured by catalytic condensation of polyvinyl alcohol with n-butyraldehyde. The grade is supplied as a dried, free-flowing grain with controlled residual hydroxyl and acetate functionality. The polymer backbone consists of vinyl butyral, vinyl alcohol, and vinyl acetate repeat units, and the ratio of these units determines solubility parameter, glass transition, adhesion to polar substrates, and crosslinking response. The product is incorporated into solventborne and solvent-free binder systems where polar adhesion, rapid solvent release, and controlled rheology are required. CAS registry number 63148-65-2 applies to the polyvinyl butyral polymer class. Non-volatile content, ash content, acid value, and solution viscosity are specified for each production lot; the release limits are provided in the current manufacturer certificate of analysis. Published data for this specific configuration is limited to Kuraray technical bulletins, but the class-wide behavior of polyvinyl butyral resins is well documented in polymer coatings literature.
In high-ethanol flexographic ink dilutions, solvent tolerance is governed primarily by residual polyvinyl alcohol content, degree of acetalization, and molecular weight. Residual hydroxyl groups create hydrogen-bonding density that controls viscosity stability, re-solubility of partially dried films, and tolerance for water in alcohol/ester blends. For Mowital G 16, the residual hydroxyl fraction is controlled within a defined band to balance ethanol compatibility against water resistance. A higher hydroxyl fraction increases compatibility with ethanol-rich diluents and improves adhesion to corona-treated polyolefin surfaces at wetting tensions of 38–42 mN/m as measured by ASTM D2578; the same functionality can raise moisture sensitivity above 85% relative humidity. Residual acetate groups act as internal plasticizer segments, and acetate levels above 5 wt% can reduce film hardness and blocking resistance, while acetate levels below 1 wt% may increase high-shear melt stiffness. The viscosity grade represented by the suffix 16 is selected to supply controlled flow behavior in ketone/alcohol co-solvent systems with solids loadings between 35% and 60% by weight. Water tolerance in ethanol is generally maintained up to 20% by weight for polyvinyl butyral resins with typical residual hydroxyl contents, but grade-specific cloud points must be confirmed experimentally.
Production-scale manufacture of pigment concentrates using Mowital G 16 commonly employs high-speed dissolvers or rotor–stator mixers with tip speeds in the range of 18–25 m/s. For gravure and flexographic preparations, the resin is pre-dissolved in ethanol/ethyl acetate at 40–45°C under sealed vacuum to prevent solvent loss. On a 200 L inline dissolver, batch-to-batch viscosity drift is controlled by limiting moisture uptake during storage below 0.5% by weight. When bulk containers are stored at relative humidity above 60%, pre-drying at 45–50°C for 2–4 h is required before letdown. For carbon black mill bases, grind gauges according to ISO 1524 should read below 10 µm after 30 min at a tip speed of 12 m/s. Overgrinding can cause re-agglomeration when the solvated binder layer undergoes thermal degradation; mill-base temperature should not exceed 50°C. On a triple-roll mill with roll gaps set to 15–25 µm, shear forces are sufficient to disperse phthalocyanine blue pigments to 5 µm, whereas higher-viscosity PVB grades can approach the hydraulic pressure limit of the mill.
The grade designation Mowital G 16 identifies the polyvinyl butyral chemistry and a mid-range solution viscosity. The letter G denotes a granular particle morphology with lower bulk density and controlled particle size distribution, which reduces feed blockage in gravimetric dosing screws compared with fine powder forms. The numeric suffix 16 is an internal viscosity-grade marker and should not be interpreted as a molecular weight value. The polymer consists of vinyl butyral, vinyl alcohol, and vinyl acetate repeating units, with the vinyl butyral fraction typically above 75% by weight for resin of this class. Residual vinyl acetate is controlled because excessive acetate disrupts crystallinity and lowers tensile modulus; residual vinyl alcohol is controlled because it governs polar adhesion and crosslink density. Dissolution rate in methyl ethyl ketone at 40°C under high shear can be completed in 60–90 min for granular resin of this particle size distribution.
| Parameter | Test method | Control range or limit | Functional consequence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Non-volatile content | DIN EN ISO 3251 | ≥98.0% by weight | Reduces formulation volatility and batch viscosity drift |
| Ash content | ISO 3451-1 | ≤0.1% by weight | Minimizes abrasive residue in gravure cylinders |
| Viscosity, 10% in ethanol, 20°C | ISO 3219 | 10–18 mPa·s | Determines letdown viscosity and ink transfer |
| Acid value | ISO 2114 | ≤0.5 mg KOH/g | Controls interaction with basic pigments |
| Glass transition temperature | ISO 6721-11 | 55–70°C | Influences film hardness and blocking resistance |
| Density | ISO 2811-1 | 1.07–1.10 g/cm³ | Supports solids-to-volume conversion in coating formulas |
| Residual acetate content | Internal method | ≤2.5 wt% | Limits long-term plasticization drift |
The control ranges shown above represent industrial polyvinyl butyral resin of this grade class; lot-specific certificate values remain the governing specification for commercial use.
In two-component wash primers based on phosphoric acid and epoxy or phenolic co-reactants, Mowital G 16 is selected for rapid solvent release and controlled acid reactivity. The polyvinyl butyral resin functions as the film-forming binder that suspends zinc tetroxychromate or zinc phosphate pigments while maintaining adhesion to blasted carbon steel under ISO 12944-4. Because acidic formulations can hydrolyze acetal linkages, the resin is incorporated after the acid component has been diluted with isopropanol and water; solution pH is maintained above 3.5 to limit backbone hydrolysis. Under these conditions, pot life is controlled by the reaction of residual hydroxyl groups with the phenolic resol rather than by resin degradation. Spray application through air-assisted airless systems at 0.12–0.18 MPa material pressure yields dry film builds of 10–15 µm per pass without sagging on vertical steel. The dry film thickness of 8–12 µm must be maintained to avoid through-film porosity in salt spray exposure. After 7 d neutral salt spray testing according to ISO 9227, intact PVB-bound wash primers reduce underfilm corrosion spread on cold-rolled steel when applied over zinc phosphate conversion coatings.
For ceramic green sheet production, Mowital G 16 is dissolved in methyl ethyl ketone/ethanol cosolvent to a nominal solids content of 8–12% by weight and combined with plasticizer and alumina or barium titanate powder. The binder system must deliver pseudoplastic flow with low-shear viscosity between 800–1,500 mPa·s at 1 s−1 for tape casting at doctor blade gaps of 150–300 µm; excessive yield stress causes streaking and non-uniform green density. Doctor blade speeds of 0.5–2.0 m/min are typical, with green tape thickness from 50–500 µm. Thermogravimetric analysis indicates clean burnout of polyvinyl butyral binders of this class between 250°C and 450°C in air. Residual carbon above 0.05% after burnout is unacceptable for barium titanate multilayer capacitor tape, and sodium or potassium ions above 50 ppm can impair dielectric performance. Lamination pressure above 20 MPa at 70°C is applied after solvent drying to consolidate multiple green sheets.
Residual polyvinyl alcohol in Mowital G 16 supplies reactive secondary hydroxyls for covalent network formation. In phenolic/PVB blends, cure proceeds through condensation of phenolic methylol groups with PVB hydroxyls; typical cure schedules are 20–30 min at 150–180°C. Excess phenolic levels above 15 phr on resin solids increase crosslink density but reduce elongation to break; below 5 phr, the film behaves as a thermoplastic with limited solvent resistance. With isocyanate co-reactants, the stoichiometric ratio is calculated against hydroxyl value; the resin is pre-dried below 0.05% moisture because water consumes isocyanate and generates carbon dioxide bubbles. For isocyanate-crosslinked PVB films, tensile strength according to ASTM D638-14 may increase from 20 MPa to 35 MPa as crosslinker addition approaches 1.0 equivalent relative to hydroxyl, while elongation at break can fall below 10%. These values are class-wide for plasticized PVB films and not grade-specific. Storage stability of uncured blends is compromised above 90°C; viscosity rises rapidly because of oligomerization and acetal oxidation. Alkyl phosphate stabilizers at 0.1–0.3 wt% extend pot life in solventborne coil primers. Amine-functional additives should be avoided because they can catalyze aldol condensation or accelerate acetal hydrolysis. Prolonged exposure to aqueous acid below pH 3.0 causes measurable polymer backbone degradation.
Differences from other Mowital grades include particle morphology, solution viscosity, and hydroxyl partition. In contrast to higher-viscosity Mowital B 45 M and B 60 T grades, Mowital G 16 permits higher non-volatile content at equivalent application viscosity and is therefore used in direct-gravure and flexographic ink systems. In screen printing inks, replacing a fraction of a higher-viscosity PVB with Mowital G 16 shifts the shear viscosity ratio at 1 s−1 to 100 s−1 downward, allowing ink passage through 120–180 mesh screens without flooding. In contrast to low-hydroxyl PVB copolymers, Mowital G 16 retains sufficient polar functionality for adhesion to anodized aluminum without primer. For adhesive applications where lap shear strength is evaluated by ASTM D1002, formulations containing Mowital G 16 and bisphenol A epoxy resin exhibit cohesive failure in the PVB-rich phase; published data for this specific configuration is limited. Mowital G 16 is not intended as a safety-glass interlayer resin and should not be used as a substitute for PVB film grades regulated under ISO 12543-2. Food-contact applicability must be verified separately, because residual monomers and process additives may be regulated under EU Regulation 10/2011 or FDA 21 CFR 175.105.
On gravure and flexographic printing lines, Mowital G 16 is typically dissolved to 15–25% solids in ethanol/ethyl acetate/propylene glycol monomethyl ether blends and reduced at the press with ethanol to a discharge viscosity of 18–28 s in a DIN 4 flow cup according to DIN 53211. The dried ink film remains re-solubilizable in the same alcohol/ester blend, allowing idle stations to be cleaned without aggressive solvents; however, prolonged contact with water-based overprint varnishes can soften the print if residual hydroxyl content is too high. Anilox roll selection is constrained by the solvated coil size of the resin; cells below 10 µm depth may produce insufficient fluid transfer at high printing speeds. Direct rotogravure cylinders with cell depths of 30–45 µm and cell volumes of 8–12 cm³/m² are typical for solventborne PVB inks. At pressroom humidity above 70%, moisture absorption can extend drying time and cause blocking; slow solvents should be reduced accordingly. The product should be stored sealed in a dry warehouse at 5–30°C, away from direct sunlight and ignition sources, because fine PVB dust can form explosive mixtures in air.
