| HS Code | 583171 |
| Tensile Strength | ≥1600 MPa |
| Elastic Modulus | ≥40 GPa |
| Elongation At Break | 6–8% |
| Fiber Diameter | 10–15 μm |
| Fiber Length | 6 mm, 12 mm, 18 mm, 24 mm |
| Density | 1.29–1.31 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 220–230°C |
| Thermal Decomposition Temperature | above 250°C |
| Alkali Resistance | excellent in concrete alkaline environment |
| Acid Resistance | good |
| Moisture Content | less than 3% |
| Chemical Composition | high-strength high-modulus polyvinyl alcohol monofilament |
| Appearance | pale yellow or off-white monofilament fibers |
| Dispersibility | excellent in concrete mixing |
| Specific Surface Area | medium grade suitable for cementitious reinforcement |
As an accredited Sinopec-SVW CD-I-High Strength High Modulus PVA Fiber（HSHM PVA Fiber） for Concrete factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Packaged in moisture-proof woven bags with polyethylene inner lining, each containing 20 kg of Sinopec-SVW CD-I HSHM PVA Fiber for concrete. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL container loading of Sinopec-SVW HSHM PVA Fiber for concrete, packed in bags, ensures safe, efficient transport. |
| Shipping | Shipped as dry, palletized PVA fiber in woven polypropylene bags or cartons, protected from moisture. Transported via standard sea freight containers, truck, or rail. Not classified as dangerous cargo. Keep dry and ventilated, avoid rain exposure and bag tearing during loading/handling. Store away from direct sunlight. |
| Storage | Store Sinopec-SVW CD-I High Strength High Modulus PVA Fiber for Concrete in a dry, cool, well-ventilated area. Keep in original sealed packaging to prevent moisture absorption and contamination. Avoid direct sunlight, high temperatures, and open flames. Do not stack excessively or compress; handle gently to prevent fiber damage. Shelf life is typically two years when stored properly. |
| Shelf Life | Store in a dry, cool place. Shelf life is 24 months from date of manufacture when kept in original unopened packaging. |
In strain-hardening cementitious composite (SHCC) production—also termed engineered cementitious composite (ECC) in design documents—the Sinopec-SVW CD-I high-strength high-modulus polyvinyl alcohol fiber is introduced at a volumetric dosage of 2.0 vol%, equivalent to approximately 26 kg/m³ at a fiber density of 1.30 g/cm³. The surrounding matrix is deliberately formulated without coarse aggregate; a typical production mix consists of Portland cement, Class F fly ash or ground granulated blast-furnace slag, condensed silica fume, and fine silica sand with a maximum particle size of 250 µm. Water-to-binder ratio is held between 0.23 and 0.27, and a polycarboxylate-based high-range water reducer is metered at 6–10 kg/m³ to compensate for the additional fiber surface area. In precast plants the downstream manufacturing sequence uses a high-shear pan mixer with slow dry blending of sand, binder, and fiber for 45–60 s before water and admixture are added; adding the fiber before complete dispersion of the high-range water reducer has been observed to induce fiber balling in vertical-shaft mixers. After placement, the composite is consolidated by rodding or low-frequency external vibration at 1–2 mm amplitude, and moist curing is maintained for 7 d at 20–25°C or accelerated by steam at 60°C for 48 h. Finished component categories include seismic coupling beams, link slabs between bridge girders, high-deformation dam spillway facings, and repair collars around exposed pile caps. Compliance is anchored to ASTM C1116/C1116M-10a Type III for synthetic fiber reinforcement, flexural toughness is evaluated under ASTM C1609/C1609M-19a at a net deflection of L/150, and European supply references EN 14889-2:2006 for polymer fibers for concrete.
When compressive strength requirements exceed 120 MPa, the HSHM PVA fiber is generally specified as secondary micro-reinforcement in hybrid systems with short steel fiber or as the sole fiber in non-magnetic and lightweight architectural ultra-high-performance concrete. A dosage of 0.5 vol% introduces 6.5 kg/m³ and is compatible with the high-shear Eirich or planetary counter-current mixer used for UHPC batch production; at this addition the fiber does not displace the required silica fume content of 15–25% by cement mass. The production process starts with 2 min of dry mixing of cement, silica fume, and 0.2–0.4 mm quartz sand, after which a two-part high-range water reducer is added with the total mixing water at a water-to-binder ratio near 0.19. UHPC elements are then cast under continuous vibration or allowed to self-consolidate without vibration, and heat-cured at 80°C for 72 h; autoclave cycles above 160°C are not recommended for unreinforced fiber formulations unless tensile retention is confirmed on extracted specimens. Relevant specifications are ASTM C1856/C1856M-17 for UHPC, ASTM C1609 for flexural toughness, and EN 14889-2:2006 for CE marking of polymer fibers. Terminal component forms include thin-shell architectural panels, acoustic façade fins, street furniture, non-magnetic manhole covers, and bridge-deck link slabs where conductive fiber interference must be avoided. A documented boundary condition is the loss of self-consolidating properties above approximately 1.0 vol% of this fiber in mix designs with paste volume below 600 L/m³; published mill-level data for CD-I in thin-shell UHPC exposed to freeze-thaw and deicing salts is limited, so pre-qualification testing under ASTM C666/C666M and ASTM C672 is required.
For wet-mix shotcrete applied in rock support and underground headings, the CD-I fiber is cut to 6 mm length and dosed at 0.5–0.8 vol% (6.5–10.4 kg/m³) to avoid blockage in 50 mm delivery hoses and to preserve pumpability. At the batch plant the fiber is introduced into the coarse aggregate stream before cement and water are added; the mix is discharged to a truck mixer and rotated at 10–12 rpm for 8–10 min to distribute the fibers. The wet-mix shotcrete machine is operated at air pressure between 6 bar and 8 bar, with an accelerator pump injecting alkali-free or low-alkali set accelerator at the nozzle at 3–6% by weight of cement, adjusted to early-strength targets and groundwater ingress. The high-modulus fiber reduces rebound loss by retaining aggregate in the plastic layer, but rebound figures are accelerator-specific; field trials are required to establish comparative values for sodium-silicate and alkali-free systems. Sprayed linings containing HSHM PVA fiber are assessed for panel toughness under ASTM C1550-12a, the fiber is certified to EN 14889-2:2006 as a structural polymer fiber, and shotcrete execution follows ACI 506R-16 and EN 14487-1:2005. The resulting terminal products include primary tunnel support linings, rock-slope stabilization shells, adit portals, and blast-resistant ground-support layers. The practical upper dosage in robotic spray trains is limited to approximately 10.4 kg/m³; above this level hose surging has been reported in hard-rock headings with aggregate moisture above 5%.
Under this thickness constraint, the CD-I fiber is incorporated at 0.8 vol% (10.4 kg/m³) into a low-shrinkage, polymer-modified cementitious repair mortar. The base binder typically combines Portland cement, silica fume at 5–8% by cement mass, and a styrene-butadiene or acrylic polymer dispersion at 5–10% by cement mass; the fiber cut is kept at 6 mm to permit trowel finishing and broom-texture overlay surfaces. Substrate preparation proceeds by shotblasting or milling to a minimum concrete surface profile of CSP 5, and the substrate is brought to saturated surface-dry condition before placement. The repair mortar is mixed in a forced-action paddle mixer for 3 min and applied by screed and trowel in lifts not exceeding 40 mm; edge feathering is prohibited. Curing conforms to ACI 308R and uses wet burlap for 7 d or a membrane curing compound meeting ASTM C309. The hardened repair system is tested for length change under ASTM C157/C157M, while the cementitious repair product falls under EN 1504-3:2006, with structural repair specified as class R4. Terminal product categories include bridge-deck overlays, ramp and balcony top-surface reconstruction, concrete T-beam soffit patches, and pile-cap edge repairs. Where traffic re-opening is required before 24 h, the fiber dosage must be reconciled with accelerator packages because high-viscosity overlay mortars mixed above 500 rpm can retain air and reduce deicer scaling resistance.
| Application track | Dosage by volume | Mass equivalent | Fiber cut | Compliance anchors |
| Strain-hardening cementitious composite | 2.0 vol% | 26 kg/m³ | 12 mm | ASTM C1609, EN 14889-2 |
| Ultra-high-performance concrete | 0.5 vol% | 6.5 kg/m³ | 8 mm | ASTM C1856, EN 14889-2 |
| Wet-mix shotcrete | 0.5–0.8 vol% | 6.5–10.4 kg/m³ | 6 mm | ASTM C1550, EN 14487-1 |
| Repair mortar | 0.8 vol% | 10.4 kg/m³ | 6 mm | EN 1504-3 |
| Fiber-cement board | 1.0–1.5 wt% | 10–18 kg/m³ | 6 mm | BS EN 12467 |
| Industrial slab-on-grade | 0.5 vol% | 6.5 kg/m³ | 12 mm | ASTM C1116, EN 14889-2 |
Hatschek-formed and extruded fiber-cement board production subjects the CD-I fiber to high-shear slurry dewatering and multiple press cycles; under these conditions the fiber is dosed at 1.0–1.5 wt% of total dry solids, equivalent to roughly 10–18 kg/m³ in board density terms. In the Hatschek process, the fiber is dispersed in a dilute water slurry with cellulose pulp, cement, silica fume, and calcium silicate filler at 3–6% solids before thin films are deposited on rotating sieve cylinders and consolidated by stack pressing. For extruded plank production on a twin-screw extruder with an L/D ratio of 20:1, the mix is forced through a 60 mm die at moisture contents of 20–25%, and the fiber is pre-dispersed in a separate mixing tank to prevent die-face build-up. Board curing includes saturated steam at 0.7 MPa and 160°C for 8–12 h or low-pressure steam at 60–70°C for 24 h; autoclave cycles above 170°C require validation of fiber tensile retention because partially hydrolyzed PVA grades can undergo property drift under prolonged saturated steam. Product compliance follows BS EN 12467:2012 for fiber-cement flat sheets, with fire classification tested to EN 13501-1 and indoor emission testing carried out under the relevant national transposition of EN 16516. Terminal products include ventilated façade panels, soffit boards, fire-rated internal partition boards, and mechanically fixed roof sarking boards.
For logistics warehouses and cold-room floors, the CD-I fiber is batched at 0.5 vol% (6.5 kg/m³) in ready-mix concrete with a target slump of 150 ± 25 mm and aggregate size not exceeding 20 mm, delivered by truck chute or pump. This dosage profile is used when welded wire mesh is deleted from the slab design and joint spacing is fixed by rack load-transfer patterns. Laser-guided strike-off follows, and the surface is closed with power floats; because the fiber is hydrophilic, surface fuzzing may appear if the first float pass occurs after the bleed water has evaporated. The fiber cut of 6 mm or 12 mm is selected according to slab depth, with 12 mm fibers limited to slabs above 150 mm thick to permit adequate cover and finishing. Execution is governed by ACI 302.1R-15 for floor and slab construction, while hardened slab performance uses ASTM C1609 flexural toughness parameters at L/150 deflection, and curing follows ASTM C171 with wet cover or membrane compounds. The fiber specification is checked against ASTM C1116/C1116M Type III and EN 14889-2:2006; surface flatness and levelness are measured as F-numbers under ASTM E1155-20. Terminal products include freezer floors, rack-supported warehouse slabs, jointless transit-shed floors, and vehicle maintenance bays. Slab designers normally cap the substitution ratio at 0.5 vol% when conventional power-float finishing is required above 25°C; higher dosages demand extended wet curing to avoid early surface crazing.
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Sinopec-SVW CD-I High Strength High Modulus PVA Fiber (HSHM PVA Fiber) for Concrete is a polyvinyl alcohol monofilament supplied in cut lengths for direct addition to portland-cement-based matrices. The CD-I designation identifies a concrete-specific grade produced by wet spinning, hot drawing, and acetalization, which raises tensile stiffness and limits the water sensitivity of unmodified polyvinyl alcohol. Manufacturer-published quality data for this concrete grade typically list a monofilament diameter of approximately 0.04 mm, cut lengths of 6 mm, 8 mm, and 12 mm, a density of 1.30 g/cm³, tensile strength of at least 1400 MPa, and tensile modulus of at least 35 GPa. Elongation at break is reported in the 6–9% range. The resulting aspect ratio ranges from 150 for the 6 mm fiber to 300 for the 12 mm fiber at the stated diameter.
The values in Table 1 are representative manufacturer-reported data. They do not replace incoming-fiber verification, because filament diameter, length distribution, and surface oiling can vary between production campaigns.
| Property | Reported value | Test basis |
| Monofilament diameter | 0.04 mm | Optical microscopy |
| Cut length | 6 mm, 8 mm, 12 mm | Sieve classification |
| Density | 1.30 g/cm³ | Pycnometry |
| Tensile strength | ≥ 1400 MPa | Single-filament tensile, ASTM D3822 or ISO 5079:2020 |
| Tensile modulus | ≥ 35 GPa | Single-filament tensile |
| Elongation at break | 6.0–9.0% | Single-filament tensile |
| Hot water shrinkage | ≤ 2.0% | Manufacturer quality specification |
| Moisture content | ≤ 0.5% | Gravimetric drying |
Moisture content is specified because polyvinyl alcohol is hygroscopic and surface wetness changes flowability through dosing equipment.
The functional difference is primarily the combination of high tensile modulus and controlled elongation. Standard textile-grade PVA fibers generally have lower molecular orientation and therefore lower tensile strength and modulus. CD-I fiber is drawn to higher orientation, yielding a tensile modulus above 35 GPa, which is higher than standard PVA and far higher than fibrillated polypropylene, whose tensile modulus is typically between 3.5 GPa and 5.0 GPa. In a cracked cementitious matrix, this higher modulus permits greater stress transfer across a crack at the same opening. Polypropylene fibers are therefore used mainly for controlling plastic shrinkage cracking, whereas CD-I grade is used in hardened-state crack-bridging and strain-hardening applications when dosed at 1.5–2.0 vol%.
Compared with hooked-end steel fibers, CD-I has lower tensile modulus than steel at 200 GPa, but its density of 1.30 g/cm³ is much lower than that of steel at 7.85 g/cm³. At a dosage of 1 vol%, the CD-I fiber mass is approximately 13 kg/m³, whereas the same volume fraction of steel fiber requires approximately 78.5 kg/m³. The PVA fiber surface is also hydrophilic and develops chemical adhesion to cement paste, while steel fibers rely mainly on mechanical anchorage and friction. Steel fibers introduce corrosion concerns in cracked and chloride-exposed concrete; PVA fiber is non-corroding. However, the lower modulus of PVA relative to steel means that the post-crack residual strength at equal volume fraction is generally lower unless the fiber volume is optimized for the specific matrix.
AR-glass strands have tensile modulus near 72 GPa and tensile strength above 1.0 GPa, but their elongation at break is typically 2–4%. The lower elongation limits energy absorption under impact. CD-I PVA has lower modulus than AR-glass but higher elongation and a non-brittle failure response, while avoiding corrosion and the high density of steel. Published data for the specific surface treatment and single-filament pullout energy of this commercial grade in a given mix design is limited, so comparative values should be confirmed by project-specific bond testing.
| Property | Sinopec-SVW CD-I HSHM PVA | Standard PVA staple | Fibrillated polypropylene | Hooked-end steel |
| Density | 1.30 g/cm³ | 1.30 g/cm³ | 0.91 g/cm³ | 7.85 g/cm³ |
| Tensile strength | ≥ 1.4 GPa | 0.6–0.9 GPa | 0.3–0.6 GPa | 1.1–1.5 GPa |
| Tensile modulus | 35–40 GPa | 20–25 GPa | 3.5–5.0 GPa | 200 GPa |
| Elongation at break | 6–9% | 12–15% | 15–25% | 3–5% |
| Cement-matrix interaction | Hydrophilic, adhesion plus friction under pullout | Hydrophilic, lower bond stiffness | Hydrophobic, low bond, primarily plastic-shrinkage control | Mechanical anchorage and friction |
At addition rates between 1.5 vol% and 2.0 vol%, the CD-I fiber mass in a concrete or mortar mixture is 19.5 kg/m³ to 26.0 kg/m³ based on a fiber density of 1.30 g/cm³. The workability response is not linear with dosage because the monofilament surface area increases paste-phase viscosity. In twin-shaft compulsory mixers, a dosing sequence that places the fiber after dry blending of aggregates and cementitious materials but before the complete water addition is used to limit agglomeration. A typical sequence involves adding 60–70% of the mixing water containing polycarboxylate-ether high-range water reducer after fiber introduction, mixing for 120–180 s, then adding the remaining water while visually inspecting for fiber balls. Dosage rates above 2.5 vol% in conventional ready-mix equipment frequently produce non-uniform distribution unless matrix viscosity is optimized and fiber addition is controlled to prevent localized wetting.
For structural engineered cementitious composites, the product is used at 2.0 vol% in combination with low water-to-cementitious-material ratios, supplementary cementitious materials, and fine aggregates without coarse aggregate in some formulations. The exact mixture design varies with matrix fracture toughness, because the transition from strain-softening to multiple cracking requires fiber bridging stress to exceed matrix first-cracking stress. Flexural toughness is commonly measured under ASTM C1609/C1609M four-point bending, while compressive strength testing follows ASTM C39/C39M or EN 12390-3. The use of CD-I fiber does not replace primary steel reinforcement in load-bearing members; contribution to structural capacity must be validated through large-scale testing and design codes such as ACI 544 or conformity under EN 14889-2:2006.
In slab-on-grade applications, CD-I is often specified at 0.5–1.0 vol% for crack-width control and impact resistance. At these lower dosages, the fiber does not require major mix redesign, but the water reducer demand can still increase because the hydrophilic surface adsorbs water and dispersant molecules. Comparative trial batches with an equal-slump reference mix are necessary to isolate the fiber’s effect on fresh-state workability from the effect of the adjusted high-range water reducer.
Because the CD-I grade has an aspect ratio up to 300, it is classified as a micro-fiber in ASTM C1116/C1116M-23. The high aspect ratio improves crack spacing but also increases the minimum paste volume needed to coat the fiber surfaces; therefore the product is not a direct mass substitute for steel fiber. A matrix with paste volume below approximately 0.35 m³/m³ may not adequately coat the additional fiber surface at dosages above 1.5 vol%, producing fiber agglomeration and reduced post-crack flexural toughness.
Humidity control is a defined operational boundary because polyvinyl alcohol is hygroscopic. Storage in sealed packaging is required when ambient relative humidity exceeds 65%. If packaging is exposed and fiber moisture content rises above 0.5%, flow through dosing equipment is impaired and the fiber may clump during addition. Manufacturer handling guidance commonly recommends pre-drying at 60°C for 4 h before use under such conditions. Drying above 80°C is not recommended for ordinary concrete-grade PVA fiber because it may alter the surface finish and affect fiber–matrix interfacial bond.
In service, the fiber is cold-water-insoluble, but prolonged hydrothermal exposure above 120°C can reduce tensile retention depending on acetalization degree and matrix alkalinity. Published data for this specific configuration is limited for high-pressure steam curing above that threshold; therefore autoclave cycles for high-strength precast elements should be qualified by residual flexural or tensile testing on fiber-reinforced specimens. In normal moist curing and ambient service below 80°C, the acetalized high-modulus PVA fiber is considered resistant to portland cement pore solution; however, strong oxidizing or strong acid environments fall outside the intended use envelope.
The fiber–matrix interface governs whether the CD-I grade ruptures or pulls out during crack opening. Because the fiber surface is hydrophilic, it bonds strongly to calcium-silicate-hydrate phases. A controlled surface oiling content is applied by the manufacturer to limit chemical adhesion and promote slip. If the surface oiling content is too low, fibers may fracture before developing full pullout resistance; if it is too high, interfacial friction may be insufficient. This parameter is therefore part of incoming-fiber quality control in precast production. Acceptance testing should include cut-length distribution by sieve analysis, single-filament tensile response under ASTM D3822 or ISO 5079:2020, and concrete performance testing under ASTM C1116/C1116M-23 Type III synthetic fiber requirements. In the European regulatory framework, batch conformity is assessed under EN 14889-2:2006 for polymer fibers used in concrete.
Differences from other synthetic fibers also appear in volumetric efficiency. Because PVA has a density near that of cement paste and a high surface energy, it does not float to the surface during vibration as some polypropylene fibers do. This reduces production rejects in slip-formed and extruded concrete elements. However, the same hydrophilic behavior increases water demand and may require a higher polycarboxylate-ether dispersant dose than a polypropylene-fiber mix of equal workability. Comparative tests in the same mix design without accommodating this property will penalize the PVA fiber unfairly; the comparison must be made at equal fresh-state workability after adjusting the high-range water reducer.
