| HS Code | 525326 |
| Appearance | white milky liquid |
| Solid Content Percent | 54.5-56.5 |
| Viscosity Mpa S | 500-1500 |
| Ph | 4.5-6.5 |
| Glass Transition Temperature Celsius | -5 |
| Minimum Film Forming Temperature Celsius | 0 |
| Particle Size Micrometers | 0.2-0.5 |
| Residual Vinyl Acetate Percent | ≤0.1 |
| Density G Cm3 | 1.05-1.10 |
| Freeze Thaw Stability | good |
| Mechanical Stability | excellent |
| Film Property | flexible with good adhesion |
As an accredited GW-705 VAE Emulsion factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | GW-705 VAE Emulsion is packaged in 200 kg drums, 1,000 kg IBC totes, or bulk tankers. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL: GW-705 VAE Emulsion loaded in flexitanks or drums, secured, ventilated, and stowed safely for transport. |
| Shipping | GW-705 VAE Emulsion ships in sealed, moisture-proof drums or bulk containers. Protect from freezing and extreme heat; ideal storage 5–35°C. Ensure secure labeling, prevent leakage, and avoid prolonged sunlight exposure during transit. |
| Storage | Store GW-705 VAE Emulsion in tightly sealed original containers in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight and heat sources. Maintain temperatures between 5°C and 35°C to prevent freezing or coagulation. Keep containers upright and protected from damage. Use within shelf life; stir gently before use. Avoid contact with incompatible chemicals. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is typically 6 months from manufacture when stored sealed at 5–35°C, protected from freezing and direct sunlight. |
In hardwood finger-jointing plants operating cold-press assembly cycles, GW-705 VAE emulsion is post-compounded with a polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) protective colloid and a latent acid catalyst—typically aluminium chloride hexahydrate at 0.3–0.8 wt% on emulsion solids—to achieve EN 204 D3 water resistance without the formaldehyde release associated with conventional UF-modified PVAc systems. The base formulation involves 100 parts GW-705 (55±1% solids), 8–15 parts of a 10% aqueous PVOH solution (degree of hydrolysis 88%, viscosity 25–30 mPa·s as 4% solution at 20°C), 12–20 parts of 200-mesh calcium carbonate filler, and 0.5–1.0 part of a silicone defoamer. The catalyst triggers partial acetalisation between PVOH hydroxyls and the acetate groups of the VAE, raising the wet shear strength after 4-hour cold water immersion at 23°C to above 2.5 N/mm². Mixing is performed in a planetary disperser under vacuum (-0.08 MPa) to eliminate entrained air, which would otherwise cause microfoam in the glue line and reduce bonding surface contact. The adhesive is applied by double-sided roller coater at a coat weight of 120–150 g/m² for oak and beech staves with a moisture content held between 8% and 12%. Open time at 20°C and 60% RH ranges from 12 to 18 minutes, after which pressure of 0.7–1.0 MPa is applied via hydraulic platen press for a minimum of 2 hours at ambient temperature, followed by a 24-hour stacking cure before planing. Premature viscosity rise due to aluminium chloride has been observed when batch temperatures exceed 28°C during summer operations; chilled mixing jackets and short residence times in the holding tank are mandatory. The finished laminated beam or finger-jointed board meets D3 requirements per EN 204:2016 and also passes the JIS K 6806 boiling water test when a post-addition of 3 phr of a water-dispersible polymeric MDI is introduced just before application, migrating the system towards D4 durability for non-structural window scantlings.
| Durability Class | Pre-treatment | Test Condition | Minimum Shear Strength (N/mm²) |
|---|---|---|---|
| D1 | None | 20°C/ 65% RH | ≥ 10 |
| D2 | 4 days at 20°C/ 65% RH + 4 days cold water soak | Cold water immersion 4 days | ≥ 8 |
| D3 | 4 days at 20°C/ 65% RH + 4 hours cold water soak | Wet test after 4 h immersion at 23±2°C | ≥ 2 |
| D4 | 4 days at 20°C/ 65% RH + 6 hours boiling + 2 hours cold water | Wet test immediately after cold water | ≥ 4 |
GW-705 VAE emulsion serves as a submicron tie layer between LDPE and pre-printed paperboard for aseptic liquid packaging on extrusion coating lines running at 150–300 m/min. The emulsion is diluted with deionised water to 30–35% solids and combined with 0.1–0.3% (on total liquid) of a nonionic acetylenic diol wetting agent to ensure uniform spreading on clay-coated SBS board. A gravure cylinder with a 100–120 lines/cm screen transfers 2–3 g/m² dry coat weight onto the web; immediate drying in a gas-fired tunnel oven at 80–100°C within a 2–3-second window precedes the polyethylene extrudate curtain. The molten LDPE at 320–330°C is dropped from a slot die directly onto the primed surface, where the VAE layer softens and interlocks with the oxidised polyethylene, achieving peel bond strengths of ≥ 3.5 N/15mm measured per ASTM F904. Operational trouble arises when plate-out deposits on the gravure cylinder cause streaky coating; continuous doctoring and weekly caustic cleaning are standard countermeasures. The VAE primer must comply with FDA 21 CFR 176.170 (components of paper and paperboard in contact with aqueous and fatty foods) and 176.180 (dry foods), with migration of vinyl acetate monomer below 0.01 mg/dm² under EU Regulation 10/2011 simulants. End articles include gable-top milk cartons, ice cream tubs, and hot-drink cups where the VAE layer is not detectable by the end user but prevents delamination during the high-speed forming and filling steps.
For biodegradable flushable wipes and absorbent core wrap, GW-705 is formulated into a foamable binder concentrate containing 100 parts emulsion, 2–4 parts of a vegetable-based carboxylmethyl cellulose (CMC) thickener, 0.5–1.0 part ammonium stearate foam stabiliser, and 8–12 parts of a water-soluble polyamide-epichlorohydrin (PAE) wet-strength resin. The compound is foamed via a dynamic foam generator to a blow ratio of 6:1 to 10:1 and applied by a kiss-roll or slotted nozzle onto a low-grammage carded web (30–60 gsm) at a dry add-on of 6–8% by fibre weight. Through-air drum drying at 120–130°C for 8–12 seconds evaporates water and triggers the latent crosslinking of PAE with carboxyl groups on the cellulose and the VAE, developing wet tensile strength exceeding 2.5 N/5cm in the cross-machine direction after simulated storage in aqueous surfactant solution. The finished nonwoven is tested for skin irritation and cytotoxicity according to ISO 10993-5 and -10, and must be listed under OEKO-TEX Standard 100 product class I (baby articles). A practical production limit is the binder migration during foam collapse on high-speed lines above 200 m/min; pre-wetting the web with a fine water spray before foam application has been found to reduce z-direction binder gradient by 40%. Final products include toilet-moist wipes, diaper acquisition layers, and feminine hygiene topsheet substrates where flushability is tested per EDANA/INDA GD4 disintegration guidelines.
In automotive and office modular carpet backing, GW-705 VAE is compounded at 25–30% of the total wet compound alongside 200–400 phr of limestone filler (d₅₀ ≤ 5 µm), 2–4 phr of polyacrylate dispersing agent, 1–2 phr of melamine-formaldehyde crosslinker (methylated, ultra-low free formaldehyde <0.1%), and associative ASE thickener to a final viscosity of 25–35 Pa·s (Brookfield RVT, spindle 6, 20 rpm). The mix is delivered continuously to a knife-over-roll coater set at a gap of 0.6–0.8 mm on a needlepunch polyester scrim weighing 120–180 gsm. Multi-zone convection drying starts at 120°C and peaks at 150°C to activate the melamine crosslinker without over-curing the top surface, which would impair mechanical adhesion of the secondary bitumen or hot-melt adhesive. Tuft bind strength measured per ISO 4919 consistently reaches 25–32 N/5cm, outperforming carboxylated SBR systems that exhibit thermal yellowing and Delta-E values above 3.0 after 500 hours of QUV-B accelerated weathering (ASTM G154). Formaldehyde emission is controlled below 10 mg/kg according to ISO 14184-1:2011, satisfying AgBB and GREENGUARD Gold certification for indoor air quality. A common field failure—edge curl after humidity cycling—has been traced to insufficient carboxylation degree in the VAE; GW-705’s acid number of 3–5 mg KOH/g provides sufficient ionic crosslink density to maintain dimensional stability. The coated roll is finished into 50×50 cm carpet tiles or die-cut automotive mats.
Interior matt wall paints formulated with VAEs rarely exceed 15 g/L VOC when coalescents are completely substituted by the internal plasticisation of ethylene comonomer segments. GW-705 at 55% solids is post-added to the pigment grind base, typically constituting 12–18% by total formula weight. In a standard 2000-litre pilot trial, the grind phase is produced by high-speed disperser (tip speed 18–22 m/s) combining 18% titanium dioxide (ISO 591, type R-2), 22% talc (d₅₀ ≈ 7 µm), 20% natural calcium carbonate, 0.5% sodium polyacrylate dispersant, and 0.2% non-silicone defoamer in water. Once the Hegman grind reads 6–7, the batch is let down under low shear with GW-705 emulsion, 2–3% propylene glycol for open-time stability, and a combination of HEUR (hydrophobically modified ethoxylated urethane) and HASE (hydrophobically modified alkali-swellable emulsion) thickeners to establish a Stormer viscosity of 95–105 KU and an ICI cone-and-plate viscosity of 1.5–2.5 poise at 25°C. Wet scrub resistance tested per ISO 11998 using a 200-cycles abrasion procedure records weight loss below 10 mg/cm² for sheen-5 finishes, compliant with GB 18582-2020 interior architectural coatings limits and the EU Decopaint Directive 2004/42/EC phase II (category A/a). The absence of alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEO) and the ethylene-vinyl acetate backbone ensure REACH compliance and allow the paint to contribute to LEED v4.1 low-emitting materials credits. During production, post-addition of the VAE must be timed after the grind temperature falls below 40°C to prevent thermal destabilisation of the latex; in-line heat exchangers are used for batches above 1000 kg.
GW-705 VAE emulsion is the liquid component in a two-part flexible cementitious waterproofing slurry applied to concrete, masonry, and gypsum substrates. The liquid part consists of 100 parts GW-705, 5–10 parts water, 0.3 part biocide (CMIT/MIT blend), 0.5 part mineral oil defoamer, and 1.0 part of a polycarboxylate ether superplasticiser to maintain workability at low water/cement ratios. The powder part comprises 40–45% ordinary Portland cement CEM I 42.5R, 50–55% graded quartz sand (0.1–0.6 mm), and 3–5% microsilica fume to densify the transition zone. Batching is done on-site: the liquid is poured into a pot, the powder is added gradually while mixing with a slow-speed drill (400–600 rpm) for 3–4 minutes until a lump-free, brushable consistency is obtained. The mix has a pot life of 45–60 minutes at 23°C; beyond this period, viscosity climbs steeply due to cement hydration accelerated by the acidic emulsion. Application is by notched trowel or medium-bristle brush in two coats to a total dry film thickness of 1.5–2.0 mm, with a 6-hour intercoat interval under 23°C/50% RH. After 28-day standard curing, adhesion to concrete measured by pull-off test (EN 1542) yields values between 1.5 and 2.2 MPa, always with cohesive failure in the substrate. Crack bridging performance under EN 14891 (method A.5 for liquid-applied water impermeable products) exceeds 0.9 mm at -10°C when the polymer/cement ratio (p/c) is kept at 0.45. Lower ratios (<0.35) result in insufficient flexibility, while higher ratios (>0.55) depress compressive strength below the 15 MPa threshold for floor applications. The Table below records the p/c dependency of critical mechanical properties.
| p/c by mass | Compressive Strength (MPa) EN 12190 | Adhesion (MPa) EN 1542 | Crack Bridging at -10°C (mm) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0.35 | 22.6 | 1.4 | 0.45 |
| 0.45 | 18.8 | 1.8 | 0.92 |
| 0.55 | 13.1 | 2.0 | 1.15 |
The final system is resistant to static water pressure up to 0.5 bar for 24 hours and is routinely specified for bathroom wet-rooms, balcony refurbishment, and concrete planter boxes. Electrochemical compatibility with embedded steel in reinforced structures has been verified by half-cell potential mapping, with no corrosion-promoting effect when the emulsion contains less than 0.05% chloride ions.
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The GW-705 VAE emulsion is a high-solids, carboxylated vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer dispersion stabilized with a polyvinyl alcohol protective colloid. Non-volatile content determined by ISO 3251 (2 h, 105°C) falls within 54–56%. Viscosity, measured on a Brookfield RVT viscometer at 20 rpm and 25°C, ranges from 1,500 to 4,000 mPa·s. pH (ISO 976) is controlled at 4.0–5.5. Residual monomer content remains below 0.1% for vinyl acetate and below 30 ppm for ethylene. The minimum film-forming temperature (MFFT) determined according to ASTM D2354 is approximately 0°C, reflecting an ethylene content of 15–20 wt% in the copolymer backbone, which depresses the glass transition temperature (Tg) to below 10°C by differential scanning calorimetry (ISO 11357-2). The emulsion is supplied with a biocide package that ensures in-can preservation for 12 months when stored between 5°C and 30°C in sealed containers. The surfactant/polyvinyl alcohol stabilization mechanism yields a shear-thinning flow profile with a low-shear structure recovery time of under 2 seconds, making GW-705 suitable for high-speed roll-coating and spray application where immediate film integrity after shear is critical.
When evaluated for paper-to-paper and paper-to-aluminium foil lamination at line speeds exceeding 300 m/min, the ethylene-compensated copolymer architecture of GW-705 eliminates the requirement for external coalescents or phthalate plasticizers. In contrast, PVAc homopolymer emulsions demand 8–15% dibutyl phthalate addition to achieve comparable flexibility, which introduces VOC burdens and potential migration issues under EU 10/2011 food-contact regulations. EVA dispersions, while internally plasticized, often present coarser particle size distributions (D50 > 1.2 µm versus GW-705’s 0.6–0.9 µm as measured by laser diffraction, ISO 13320) and can coalesce prematurely on chilled laminating rollers. The carboxyl functionality present in GW-705 allows controllable alkalisation with 0.5–1.5 wt% aqueous ammonia or sodium hydroxide to raise pH to 6.5–7.5, triggering a viscosity build to 12,000–25,000 mPa·s without caseating the colloid; this rheology shift improves wet tack development within the 0.8–1.2 seconds dwell time typical of rotary laminators. The reduction in hydroxyl-containing functional groups relative to fully hydrolysed PVAc also lowers equilibrium moisture uptake of the cured film from 8–12% to 3–5%, diminishing edge curl in thin-gauge packaging.
| Property | GW-705 VAE | PVAc Homopolymer (D4 grade) | EVA Dispersion (45% ethylene) | Test Method |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solids content | 54–56% | 50–52% | 50–53% | ISO 3251 |
| Viscosity (initial) | 1,500–4,000 mPa·s | 8,000–12,000 mPa·s | 400–800 mPa·s | ISO 2555 |
| MFFT | 0°C | 17°C | −10°C | ASTM D2354 |
| Plasticizer demand | none | 8–15% on binder solids | none | — |
| Dry-film water uptake (24 h) | 3–5% | 8–12% | 2–4% | ISO 62 |
| Surface tack development (open time) | 6–10 s | 3–5 s | 15–25 s | lab peel jig, 23°C/50% RH |
In a production-scale trial on a 900 m/min corrugated laminator with a 40 g/m² wet coat weight and a 120°C heated nip, GW-705 maintained stable foam levels below 2% entrained air by volume without additional defoamer, while a standard EVA dispersion required continuous defoamer addition at 0.15–0.25% to avoid micro-foam defects visible under microscopy at 10× magnification. Batch-to-batch viscosity variation remained within ±1,000 mPa·s over 12 consecutive production lots, eliminating the need for in-line viscometer compensation that had been necessary with the previous PVAc-based system.
Film formation kinetics in GW-705 are governed by the coalescence of its sub-micron particles under an ambient evaporative flux of 0.12–0.18 kg/m²·h at 23°C and 50% RH. The polymer’s low MFFT obviates the addition of Texanol or butyl carbitol, which are typically required at 3–5% on binder solids in acrylic copolymer emulsions for adhesion to cold-rolled steel surfaces at temperatures below 10°C. Adhesion testing per ISO 4624 (dolly pull-off) on degreased steel panels yielded cohesive failure within the film at 3.2 MPa after a 7-day ambient cure, with no interfacial separation detected. However, published data for this specific configuration on alkaline-pretreated aluminium is limited; preliminary testing indicates that a 1% addition of an epoxy-silane adhesion promoter (3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane) improves wet pull-off values from 0.8 MPa to 2.1 MPa after 24-hour water immersion at 40°C (ISO 2812-2).
In polyacrylic acid (PAA)-based thickener systems, alkali addition converts carboxylic acid groups to polyacrylate salts, swelling the thickener domains. GW-705’s inherent carboxylation on the copolymer backbone contributes an additional ionomeric networking effect once neutralised above pH 7.0. This dual mechanism produces a steep viscosity ramp of 3,000–18,000 mPa·s with only 0.5 pH unit shift between 6.8 and 7.3, a slope that is 2–3 times steeper than observed with non-carboxylated VAE thickened solely by external associative polyurethanes. On production high-speed dispersers equipped with a 450 mm diameter Cowles blade operating at 1,200 rpm, improper addition of 25% aqueous ammonia in a single shot triggered localised gel particles exceeding 500 µm that necessitated a 40-mesh bag filtration step. The corrective protocol adopted across multiple adhesive plants involves pre-dilution of the alkali to 5% concentration and metered injection over 8–12 minutes under 400–600 rpm agitation with a pitch-blade turbine, maintaining temperature below 35°C. Failure to control exotherm during neutralisation in batch sizes above 2,000 litres has resulted in irreversible viscosity loss to below 800 mPa·s due to colloidal destabilisation, a failure mode not observed in surfactant-only stabilised acrylic dispersions.
GW-705 is frequently utilised as the binder in D3 interior wood adhesives conforming to EN 204. The emulsion exhibits compatibility with ground calcium carbonate (GCC, D50 ≈ 5 µm) up to 45 wt% on total formulation mass while retaining a viscosity below 15,000 mPa·s and a tensile shear strength on beech of 4.8 MPa after 7-day conditioning at 23°C/50% RH. When filler content is pushed to 50–55% to reduce raw material cost per kilogram, a performance cliff-edge emerges: wet shear values after 4-hour cold-water soak (EN 204 D3 condition) decline from 2.1 MPa to 0.9 MPa, below the 1.0 MPa pass mark for D3 classification. Microscopy of the fractured bondline reveals filler particle-packing that physically displaces the polymer from the interface, creating continuous channels for water wicking. This effect is aggravated by GW-705’s relatively low hydrophilic character; the polymer cannot re-swell and re-seal the channels on re-drying as effectively as a fully hydrolysed PVAc would. Formulators operating double-ribbon blenders with a 500 kg batch capacity have mitigated this issue to some extent by pre-pasting the GCC with 2% of a water-soluble epoxysilane oligomer prior to binder let-down, restoring wet shear to 1.4 MPa at 52% filler loading, though the treatment adds €0.12–0.15/kg to formulated adhesive cost.
The rate of inter-particle diffusion and polymer chain entanglement in GW-705 films cast at 200 µm wet thickness has been characterised by tracking the disappearance of the particle boundary via atomic force microscopy. Complete coalescence occurs within 20–25 minutes at 23°C, compared with 40–50 minutes for a commercial acrylic copolymer of equivalent MFFT. The faster diffusion is attributed to the lower molecular weight between entanglements (Me ≈ 4,500 g/mol) typical of VAE copolymers versus 7,000–9,000 g/mol for all-acrylic compositions. In cool climates, where substrate temperatures may drop to 5–8°C during early morning shifts, GW-705 maintains film integrity; however, efflorescence of the polyvinyl alcohol stabiliser can appear as a hazy bloom on dark substrates if the relative humidity during the first 15 minutes of drying exceeds 85%. Pre-conditioning the substrate to 12–14°C with infrared panel heaters rated at 3 kW/m² eliminates this cosmetic defect. Comparatively, EVA dispersions of similar particle size do not develop bloom but require a minimum substrate temperature of 15°C to form a crack-free film, restricting their use in unheated packaging halls.
In weaving loom size applications, where the requirement is a stiff yet flexible film that must be removed by enzymatic desizing, GW-705 has been formulated with 0.5% (on dry weight) of a proprietary ethoxylated fatty alcohol defoamer and applied via a 4-roll sizing box at 70°C. The emulsion’s thermal stability at 70°C for 8 hours under continuous circulation through a 200-µm screen filter was confirmed; viscosity drift remained below 5% of initial value, and no grit formation exceeding 50 mg/kg was detected in a 40-µm sieve test (ISO 4576). In contrast, typical polyvinyl alcohol solutions used for the same purpose register a 15–20% viscosity drop over the same period due to shear-induced chain scission.
| Regulation / Standard | Relevant Clause / Test | GW-705 Status |
|---|---|---|
| FDA 21 CFR 175.105 | Adhesives used in food packaging with a functional barrier | Compliant; extractives below 50 ppm in 10% ethanol simulant |
| EU 10/2011 (overall migration) | 10 days at 40°C, aqueous simulant | ＜10 mg/dm² in a 30 g/m² dry film laminate |
| REACH (EC) No 1907/2006 | Monomer residuals, biocides, SVHC screening | No substances of very high concern (SVHC) above 0.1% w/w |
| EN 71-3 | Migration of heavy metals from toy coatings | Sb ＜5 mg/kg, As ＜3 mg/kg, Ba ＜100 mg/kg, Cd ＜0.5 mg/kg, Cr ＜10 mg/kg, Pb ＜5 mg/kg, Hg ＜0.5 mg/kg, Se ＜10 mg/kg — all below Category III limits |
| RoHS 2011/65/EU | Lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, PBBs, PBDEs | Below maximum concentration values by weight in homogeneous material |
| ASTM D6866 | Biobased carbon content | 24–27% (ethylene-derived portion originates from bioethanol in select production campaigns) |
Pigment compatibility with GW-705 is broad for phthalo blue, titanium dioxide, and synthetic iron oxides, but formulations containing zinc oxide at concentrations above 0.5% on total weight exhibit a progressive viscosity increase of 200–400 mPa·s per day during storage at 40°C, mirroring the zinc-ion crosslinking phenomenon documented for carboxylated styrene-butadiene latices. A chelating agent such as tetrasodium EDTA at 0.05% (solution basis) arrests this drift, provided it is introduced to the water phase before the addition of zinc oxide pigment. Inadequate pre-dilution of GW-705 with process water before let-down in high-pH silicate paints (pH > 11) results in shock precipitation of the polyvinyl alcohol stabiliser, forming irreversible rubbery grains that clog filter screens in the paint-filling line. A pre-mix of 2 parts water to 1 part emulsion by volume, stirred for 5 minutes at 300 rpm, before combining with the alkaline pigment slurry, is standard practice on a 1,500-litre dissolver platform to prevent such instability.
When GW-705 substitutes SBR latex as the binder for tufted carpet secondary backing on a 3-metre wide coating line operating at 12 m/min, the lower odour profile and absence of residual styrene monomer result in a total VOC emission of ＜25 µg/m³ after 48 hours in a 1 m³ chamber test (ISO 16000-6), compared with 120–180 µg/m³ for typical carboxylated SBR. The dry coat weight must be increased from 450 g/m² to 520 g/m² to achieve equivalent tuft lock values of 35 N (ISO 4919), a drawback attributable to GW-705’s lower cohesive energy density. Pre-curing at 130°C for 90 seconds in a multi-zone impingement oven with 25% fresh-air intake eliminates surface tack and prevents blocking on the collection jumbo roll. Trials on a production-scale tenter-frame dryer revealed that maintaining web temperature within a ±3°C window during the initial flash-off zone is critical to avoid skin-over and subsequent blistering in the final backing layer.
