| HS Code | 133263 |
| Material | Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) Copolymer |
| Vinyl Acetate Content | 9.5% |
| Melt Index 190 C 2 16 Kg | 2.0 g/10 min |
| Density | 0.930 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 96°C |
| Vicat Softening Point | 74°C |
| Tensile Strength At Break | 18 MPa |
| Elongation At Break | 750% |
| Flexural Modulus | 80 MPa |
| Hardness Shore D | 48 |
| Low Temperature Brittleness | -70°C |
| Freezing Point | 72°C |
As an accredited ELEVATE EB591 Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | ELEVATE EB591 EVA copolymer supplied as free-flowing pellets in 25 kg multiwall paper bags, palletized and stretch-wrapped for safe transport. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL loading: 25 kg bags of ELEVATE EB591 EVA copolymer palletized, shrink-wrapped, and secured to prevent shifting, moisture, and damage. |
| Shipping | ELEVATE EB591 Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer ships as non-hazardous solid pellets in moisture-resistant bags or bulk containers. Keep sealed, dry, and away from excessive heat or ignition sources during transport. Standard covered trailers or containers are suitable. Avoid prolonged storage in direct sunlight to prevent clumping. No special hazard labeling required. |
| Storage | Store ELEVATE EB591 in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight, heat sources, and open flames. Keep containers tightly sealed to prevent moisture absorption and contamination. Avoid storage near strong oxidizers. Recommended storage temperature is below 40°C. Under proper conditions, the product remains stable for twelve months from date of shipment. |
| Shelf Life | Store in a cool, dry area away from sunlight and heat. Typical shelf life is two years from manufacture date. |
ELEVATE EB591 ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer is considered here only in downstream conversion routes with established industrial equipment and published standard frameworks. Application ratios are expressed in parts per hundred resin (phr) or weight percent (wt%). Because EB591 is assigned to the low-to-mid vinyl acetate EVA segment, process temperatures and residence times are controlled to limit deacetylation. Melt flow rate should be verified against ISO 1133-1:2022 and melting range against ISO 11357-3:2018 before line qualification.
In compression-molded EVA foam production, EB591 is compounded at 100 phr as the base resin. The blowing agent azodicarbonamide is dosed at 2.5–4.0 phr, dicumyl peroxide at 0.6–1.2 phr, zinc oxide at 1.0–3.0 phr, stearic acid at 0.5–1.0 phr, and calcium carbonate at 5–20 phr. The addition ratio is set by the need to match peroxide crosslink density with gas evolution; dicumyl peroxide with purity above 98% has a half-life near 1.0 min at 170 °C, while azodicarbonamide decomposes in the 165–175 °C interval. On production-scale 75 L internal mixers and 84-inch two-roll mills, the compound is blended at 110–120 °C and sheeted at 105–110 °C. Preforms are then compression molded at 160–170 °C under 150 kg/cm² for 8–12 min. Batch-to-batch moisture above 0.10 wt% introduces pinholes, and a temperature drift exceeding ±5 °C causes split preforms or incomplete expansion. The terminal article classes are running-shoe midsoles, sandal sheet stock, and die-cut insoles. Compliance is mapped to EU REACH Annex XVII entries 51 and 52 for restricted phthalates, U.S. CPSIA Section 108 for children’s footwear, and the AFIRM RSL for finished consumer goods.
| Formulation component / output property | Low-density midsole | Standard midsole | High-hardness sheet |
|---|---|---|---|
| EB591 (phr) | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Azodicarbonamide (phr) | 3.5–4.0 | 3.0–3.5 | 2.5–3.0 |
| Dicumyl peroxide (phr) | 0.6–0.8 | 0.8–1.0 | 1.0–1.2 |
| Calcium carbonate (phr) | 5–10 | 10–15 | 15–20 |
| Molded density per ISO 845 (g/cm³) | 0.12–0.16 | 0.16–0.20 | 0.20–0.25 |
| Compression set per ISO 1856:2018, 22 h/50% (%) | 25–35 | 30–40 | 35–45 |
A 600 L sigma-blade mixer charged with 35 wt% EB591, 40 wt% C9 hydrocarbon tackifier, 20 wt% Fischer–Tropsch wax, and 0.5 wt% hindered phenolic antioxidant reaches a Brookfield viscosity of 80,000–120,000 mPa·s at 180 °C. The EB591 addition range in packaging hot melts is held between 30 wt% and 45 wt%; below 30 wt% cohesive strength and low-temperature adhesion to LDPE and OPP films are reduced, while above 45 wt% viscosity can exceed the inlet pressure limits of gear pumps and slot-die coaters. Mixing is carried out at 130–160 °C under a nitrogen blanket to limit deacetylation and color drift; the melt is then discharged through a filtration system to a heated rotating drum or directly to a coating head. Terminal product types include case-and-carton sealing adhesives, bookbinding back glue, and edgebanding hot melt. For indirect food packaging, the formulation must comply with FDA 21 CFR 175.105 and FDA 21 CFR 175.125. For EU food-contact use, the adhesive falls under EU 10/2011 only when the final package meets overall migration limits and the adhesive layer is not in direct contact or is separated by a functional barrier. Processing above 210 °C is not recommended because EVA deacetylation accelerates and the melt viscosity decreases non-uniformly.
Halogen-free sheathing compounds based on EB591 are compounded with 100 phr EB591, 120–180 phr fine precipitated alumina trihydrate, 20–50 phr magnesium dihydrate, 1.0–2.0 phr aminosilane coupling agent, 5–10 phr zinc borate, and 1.0–1.5 phr hindered phenol/phosphite stabilizer. The compound is produced on a co-rotating twin-screw extruder with L/D 40:1–52:1, screw speed 300–600 rpm, and a barrel temperature profile of 110/120/130/140/150/150/145/140 °C. Underwater pelletizing is used to maintain a pellet surface suited to downstream single-screw sheathing extrusion. The final sheathing is applied through a 90 mm single-screw extruder with L/D 30:1 and a crosshead die at melt temperature 140–160 °C. At ATH loading above 180 phr, tensile strength per IEC 60811-501 can fall below 10 MPa and elongation at break below 150%; above 50 phr magnesium dihydrate, smoke suppression improves but surface finish deteriorates. The compound is pre-dried at 70–80 °C for 4 h if moisture uptake exceeds 0.10 wt%. Terminal products include low-voltage power cable sheathing, control cable jacketing, and flexible conduit. Compliance is assessed against IEC 60754-1 and IEC 60754-2 for halogen gas and pH, EN 50267-2-1 and EN 50267-2-2, UL 94 V-0 at 3.0 mm thickness, RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU, and REACH SVHC screening.
EB591 is incorporated in the sealant layer of three-layer coextruded blown or cast film at 20–40 wt% when blended with LDPE or LLDPE, or at 100% for low-seal-temperature medical pouches and frozen-food lamination. The vinyl acetate comonomer reduces crystallinity, lowering seal initiation to 80–95 °C and widening the hot-tack window on vertical form-fill-seal lines. The film is produced on a three-layer blown line with die gap 1.8–2.0 mm, blow-up ratio 2.2:1–3.0:1, melt temperature 175–200 °C, and frost line height 300–600 mm; the sealant surface is corona treated to 38–42 mN/m for lamination or printing. Above 40 wt% EB591, film blocking can occur on contact winding, and below 20 wt% the seal initiation reduction becomes marginal. Terminal products are frozen vegetable bags, bag-in-box liners, and medical device pouches. For EU direct food contact, compliance is evaluated under EU 10/2011 with a specific migration limit for vinyl acetate of 12 mg/kg food simulant; for U.S. food contact, the film is covered by FDA 21 CFR 177.1350, and for medical packaging, ISO 11607-1:2019 applies to the finished pouch seal integrity.
In a 44:1 L/D co-rotating twin-screw extruder configured with a side stuffer and vacuum venting, EB591 is fed as the carrier resin at 60–80 wt% of a pigment or additive masterbatch, with the active pigment or additive at 20–40 wt% and an external wax lubricant at 3–5 wt%. Barrel temperatures are kept between 140 °C and 180 °C, screw speed is 300–600 rpm, and specific mechanical energy is held at 0.15–0.25 kWh/kg. The EVA carrier accepts higher filler and pigment loadings than neat LDPE carriers and disperses polar additives without excessive viscosity rise. The terminal product is masterbatch granulate, subsequently let down at 2–5 wt% in polyolefin film, EVA foam, and halogen-free cable compounds. For masterbatch intended for food-contact packaging, the final article must meet EU 10/2011 or FDA 21 CFR 177.1350 depending on the destination market; the masterbatch itself is supplied under ISO 9001:2015 quality management with REACH registration and RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU screening for electrical and electronic applications. Deacetylation is the limiting failure mode; sustained melt temperature above 190 °C or residence time above 90 s can generate acetic acid, causing pigment color shift and pellet porosity.
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ELEVATE EB591 is an ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymer supplied in pellet form. The product is specified as a medium-vinyl-acetate grade with a nominal vinyl acetate content of 18 wt% and a melt mass-flow rate of 2.0 g/10 min at 190 °C/2.16 kg according to ISO 1133-1:2022. EB591 is used in flexible packaging sealant webs, cast and blown film, injection-molded footwear components, profile extrusion, foam compounds, and adhesive formulations where low-temperature sealing, flexural toughness, filler wetting, and polar-substrate adhesion are required. The grade differs from lower-vinyl-acetate ethylene copolymers by providing a lower heat-seal initiation temperature and lower modulus, and it differs from higher-vinyl-acetate grades by retaining greater pellet flow, lower tack, and reduced tendency to generate acetic acid at equivalent melt temperatures. These differences are driven by the concentration of acetate comonomer units that disrupt polyethylene crystallinity, but the specific performance boundaries of EB591 are set by the supplier’s lot-release limits and the final converter’s screw configuration, die design, and thermal profile.
Lot-release documentation for EB591 typically controls vinyl acetate content within 17.5–18.5 wt% and melt flow rate within 1.8–2.2 g/10 min. The manufacturer’s certificate of analysis remains the controlling document for a given batch. Density is reported near 0.940 g/cm³ by ISO 1183-1:2019, with Shore D hardness near 40 by ISO 868:2003 and a DSC peak melting point near 86 °C by ISO 11357-3:2018. Pellet surface treatment may include an antiblock or slip package at supplier-specified levels to improve feeding and downstream coefficient of friction. Moisture content is controlled below 0.10 % after drying; condensation at high relative humidity remains a processing concern because hydrolysis of the acetate group can generate acetic acid and reduce melt stability at elevated temperatures.
The following values are typical laboratory data for the medium-vinyl-acetate class; EB591-specific lots may differ within the manufacturer’s specification envelope.
| Property | Test method | Typical value |
|---|---|---|
| Vinyl acetate content | FTIR internal | 18 wt% |
| Melt mass-flow rate | ISO 1133-1:2022 | 2.0 g/10 min |
| Density | ISO 1183-1:2019 | 0.940 g/cm³ |
| DSC peak melting point | ISO 11357-3:2018 | 86 °C |
| Shore D hardness | ISO 868:2003 | 40 |
| Pellet moisture | Karl Fischer internal | <0.10 % |
In cast film coextrusion, EB591 is frequently placed as a sealant skin layer on LLDPE or PP core webs. Processing on a 90 mm main extruder with a 250 mm coat-hanger die and chill-roll temperatures of 15–20 °C can produce seal-initiation temperatures near 85 °C, but published data for this specific configuration is limited. The practical melt-temperature window of 185–220 °C is narrower than linear low-density polyethylene because the vinyl acetate groups require lower temperature to avoid thermal decomposition. On high-speed cast lines, output is limited by melt-pressure fluctuations if the feed throat is not kept below 40 °C; pellet bridging and variable screw-fill reduce thickness uniformity. Adding 0.5–1.0 wt% of a silica-based antiblock in the skin layer is sufficient to reduce blocking while preserving seal strength.
Compounding EB591 on a 50 mm co-rotating twin-screw extruder with an L/D ratio of 44:1 and vacuum venting at barrel 9 typically requires barrel temperatures from 130 °C in the feed zone to 190 °C at the die, with screw speeds in the 300–500 rpm range. The melt exhibits moderate shear-thinning; the consistency index and power-law index should be determined by capillary rheometry at the intended processing temperature because published data for EB591-specific shear viscosity is limited. High-shear dispersion of calcium carbonate, talc, or blowing agents into EB591 is practicable, but the residence time at 190 °C or above should be kept below 10 min to suppress vinyl acetate hydrolysis. Adding 0.1 wt% of a hindered phenolic antioxidant and 0.05 wt% of a phosphite stabilizer is common; amine-based antistats should be avoided because they can catalyze ester degradation and cause yellowing in compounded pellets.
Because the vinyl acetate sequences in EB591 reduce crystalline order, the tensile and flexural responses are less rigid than a 0.935 g/cm³ LDPE. Tensile strength measured on 2 mm compression-molded plaques according to ISO 527-2:2012 is typically below 20 MPa, with elongation at break above 700 %; the exact value depends on cooling rate, test speed, and additive loading. The lower crystallinity also reduces the yield stress and increases environmental stress-crack resistance in flexible packaging applications. When the material replaces a 9 wt% VA EVA at equal melt flow, the heat-seal initiation temperature falls by approximately 20 °C, while the coefficient of friction and blocking tendency increase unless surface slip is added. This shift is the main reason EB591 is selected for low-temperature sealing layers rather than for stiff overwrap films.
On high-speed blown-film towers using a 75 mm grooved-feed extruder and a 200 mm monolayer or coextruded die, EB591 can be run at blow-up ratios of 2.0:1 to 3.0:1 and melt temperatures of 180–210 °C. The lower melting point relative to low-VA EVA permits faster sealing at lower jaw temperatures; seal initiation is observed near 85 °C on a heat-seal tester with 0.5 N/mm² pressure and 0.5 s dwell, although lot-to-lot variation and seal-bar calibration influence the absolute value. Film blocking is controlled by adding 0.3–0.5 wt% of a synthetic silica or 0.2 wt% of a migratory amide slip, but the latter can reduce seal strength if bloom covers the seal interface. Decomposition during bubble-break or die-lip hesitation is avoided by maintaining die temperatures below 220 °C and purging with polyethylene at shutdown. At RH > 60%, pellets should be dried with dehumidified air at 55 °C for 4 h to remove surface moisture; undried resin can produce melt fluctuation and bubbles in film.
Processing differences appear most clearly in injection molding. EB591 flows satisfactorily in hydraulic or electric injection-molding machines with clamp forces above 800 kN per 300 cm³ shot volume, using barrel profiles from 160 °C to 200 °C and holding pressures of 30–50 MPa. Compared with 28 wt% VA EVA, EB591 exhibits shorter demolding tack-free time and lower gas generation during mold filling of foam formulations. Compared with 9 wt% VA EVA, EB591 demonstrates better knit-line toughness and lower injection pressure due to its lower melting point and lower crystallinity. In structural foam, addition of 0.5–1.2 wt% azodicarbonamide or 0.7 wt% sodium bicarbonate/citric acid endothermic blowing agent can reduce density to 0.25–0.35 g/cm³, but published data for EB591-specific expansion ratios is limited and should be verified on the target press.
EB591 occupies a process-viscosity and comonomer midpoint between low-VA EVA grades such as 9 wt% VA and high-VA EVA grades such as 28 wt% VA at equivalent melt flow. The table below summarizes typical comparative values. Higher vinyl acetate content further depresses crystallinity, lowers Shore hardness, improves filler wetting and adhesion, but increases tack, reduces pellet flow, and raises acetic acid generation if overheated. Lower vinyl acetate content raises stiffness, melt temperature, and tensile strength but reduces low-temperature flexibility and requires more aggressive seal-bar temperatures. EB591 is therefore used where a single resin must provide adequate seal performance without the blocking and handling penalties associated with 25–28 wt% VA grades.
| Property | EB591 | Low-VA EVA | High-VA EVA |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominal vinyl acetate content | 18 wt% | 9 wt% | 28 wt% |
| Melt mass-flow rate | 2.0 g/10 min | 2.0 g/10 min | 2.0 g/10 min |
| DSC peak melting point | 86 °C | 98 °C | 70 °C |
| Shore D hardness | 40 | 50 | 28 |
| Heat-seal initiation temperature | 85 °C | 105 °C | 70 °C |
In peroxide-crosslinked foam or wire-insulation compounds, EB591 is blended with 0.8–1.5 wt% dicumyl peroxide and 0.3 wt% blowing agent in a two-roll mill or twin-screw extruder operating below the peroxide decomposition threshold of approximately 140 °C. The vinyl acetate groups participate in both radical-initiated chain extension and scission; the gel fraction after curing at 175 °C for 15 min is typically lower than a comparable LDPE because acetate groups can terminate macroradicals. A 65 mm CV vulcanization line with 2.5 MeV electron-beam dose of 10–15 Mrad has been reported for similar EVA compounds, but published data specific to EB591 is limited. The cure curve should be derived by moving-die rheometer at 175 °C with 0.5° arc to determine optimum crosslink density and scorch time.
Batch-to-batch retention of 2.0 g/10 min MFR and 18 wt% vinyl acetate is important in compounding operations because a variation of ±0.3 g/10 min can shift melt pressure by 5–8 % at constant screw speed on a 90 mm single-screw extruder. Closed-loop gravimetric feeding, feed-throat temperature control, and vacuum venting are used to reduce output drift. The material is not hygroscopic in the manner of polyamide or PET, but surface moisture from cold-storage condensation must be removed before processing. Drying at 55 °C for 4 h with dehumidified air at a dew point of -40 °C is sufficient to restore pellet feed consistency.
Food-contact suitability is commonly assessed under FDA 21 CFR 177.1350 for ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymers and EU Regulation (EU) No 10/2011, with overall migration limits applied to the final article. EB591 as a raw resin can be compliant when the converted package meets the stated food type, temperature, time, and thickness restrictions; compliance is not intrinsic to the pellet alone. For medical packaging, the absence of animal-derived components and heavy metals is typically confirmed by lot-level documentation, and sterilization compatibility is limited to gamma or electron-beam doses below the dose at which discoloration and embrittlement are observed. Ethylene-vinyl acetate formulations are not recommended for repeated autoclave cycles above 121 °C because the acetate comonomer can hydrolyze and reduce mechanical integrity.
