| HS Code | 246238 |
| Vinyl Acetate Content | 28 wt% |
| Melt Flow Index 190 C 2 16 Kg | 3 g/10min |
| Density | 0.950 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point Dsc | 72 °C |
| Vicat Softening Temperature | 40 °C |
| Tensile Strength | 6.9 MPa |
| Elongation At Break | 750 % |
| Hardness Shore A | 70 |
| Brittleness Temperature | -70 °C |
| Crystallinity | 18 % |
As an accredited ELEVATE EF528 Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Packaged in 25 kg moisture-resistant bags, palletized and stretch-wrapped, ensuring safe handling and storage of ELEVATE EF528 EVA copolymer. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL: ELEVATE EF528 EVA copolymer packed in palletized bags, securely restrained, moisture-protected, and ventilated for safe transit. |
| Shipping | ELEVATE EF528 Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer ships as solid pellets in 25 kg bags or octabins, palletized and stretch-wrapped. It is non-hazardous and not regulated for transport under ADR, IMDG, or IATA. Ship in dry, covered containers, protected from moisture and excessive heat. |
| Storage | Store ELEVATE EF528 EVA copolymer in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight, heat, and ignition sources. Keep containers tightly sealed to prevent moisture pickup and contamination. Avoid stacking bags excessively high. Maintain moderate temperatures; product is stable under normal warehouse conditions. Follow manufacturer guidelines for shelf life and handling. |
| Shelf Life | Store in a cool, dry area away from direct sunlight. Shelf life is typically two years from date of manufacture. |
Solar encapsulant formulation involving EF528 starts from a polymer containing 28 wt% vinyl acetate and a nominal melt mass-flow rate of 6 g/10 min at 190 °C/2.16 kg per ISO 1133-1:2022. Because module lamination requires the melt to penetrate cell gaps and wet busbars without disturbing cell positioning, the compound is commonly let down with a higher-MFR 28 wt% VA resin to bring the final compound MFR into a 12–18 g/10 min processing envelope. Silane coupling agent is added at 0.3–0.5 wt%, typically vinyltrimethoxysilane, to promote adhesion to glass under damp-heat aging. Peroxide masterbatch loading is maintained between 0.6 and 1.2 wt% active peroxide, commonly tert-butyl 2-ethylhexyl carbonate selected for its half-life at lamination temperature. Cast film extrusion on a chill-roll line with a 30:1 L/D screw keeps melt temperature below 110 °C before the die to avoid premature gelation, while die temperature is held near 115 °C and film thickness is controlled at 0.45 mm ± 0.03 mm. Vacuum lamination is performed at 145–155 °C under 60–80 kPa for 8–15 min, after which gel content determined by solvent extraction should fall between 72 and 88 wt% per ASTM D2765-16. Residual peroxide beyond this window can create post-lamination cure drift and edge pull. Qualification testing follows IEC 61215-1:2021 and IEC 61730-1:2023, including UV preconditioning, damp-heat exposure, and insulation resistance verification. Published data for EF528 as the sole encapsulant resin are limited; most industrial lines blend it to adjust rheology while retaining polar adhesion contribution from the 28 wt% VA content. Processing under ambient relative humidity above 60% requires pre-drying for 4 h at 60 °C to suppress bubble formation in the cast film.
| Formulation/Process Parameter | Test Method | Qualification Range |
|---|---|---|
| Compound melt mass-flow rate | ISO 1133-1:2022 | 12–18 g/10 min |
| Active peroxide loading | Internal QC / DSC | 0.6–1.2 wt% |
| Cure exotherm peak | ASTM D3418-15 | 142–158 °C |
| Gel content after lamination | ASTM D2765-16 | 72–88 wt% |
| Glass peel strength | ASTM D903 | 35–70 N/cm |
| Light transmittance at 0.45 mm | ASTM D1003 | >90% |
In hot-melt adhesive compounding, vinyl acetate content of 28 wt% moves the molten polymer into the polar adhesion regime used for bonding coated paperboard, aluminum foil, and low-surface-energy polyolefin film. A typical high-viscosity packaging adhesive formulation contains 30–38 wt% EF528, 35–45 wt% fully hydrogenated hydrocarbon tackifier, 15–25 wt% paraffin or Fischer-Tropsch wax, and 0.3–0.8 wt% hindered phenolic antioxidant. Mixing is carried out in a sigma-blade mixer at 160–180 °C under nitrogen, with strict avoidance of temperatures above 200 °C to suppress acetic acid evolution from the vinyl acetate groups. Molten adhesive is applied through gear-pump dispensing systems at 165–185 °C, with viscosity measured by ASTM D3236 at 180 °C typically in the 1800–4500 mPa·s range depending on wax content. Open time for carton sealing and bookbinding operations ranges from 15 to 45 s, while set time under compression is 5–20 s. End products include case sealing for corrugated packaging, edge banding for furniture, and adhesive-bound book blocks. For food-contact packaging adhesive use, the compound must comply with FDA 21 CFR 175.105 and the applicable migration limits of EU 10/2011. Because the VA group contributes polarity, storage in high-humidity environments above 60% RH raises moisture uptake and can generate foaming in bulk melters unless pre-dried at 60 °C for 3–4 h.
Cellular structure formation in EVA midsoles containing EF528 is governed by the relative rates of azodicarbonamide decomposition and dicumyl peroxide cure initiation. In a typical midsole compound, EF528 represents 20–40 wt% of the polymer phase, blended with lower-VA EVA grades for hardness control, and 5–10 wt% EPDM or polyolefin elastomer for elastic recovery. Blowing agent addition is 1.8–3.0 phr azodicarbonamide, dicumyl peroxide is 0.6–0.9 phr, zinc oxide is 1.0–2.0 phr, stearic acid is 0.5–1.0 phr, and calcium carbonate filler is 5–15 phr. Mixing is performed in an internal mixer at 110–130 °C, with dump temperature held below the ADC decomposition threshold to avoid pre-foaming. Sheets are compression molded at 160–175 °C under 15–18 MPa for 10–15 min, with mold fill ratio controlled between 60 and 75% to set final density. Typical foam properties fall within density 0.18–0.30 g/cm³, Shore C hardness 45–60, compression set 30–50% after 22 h at 50 °C per ASTM D395 Method B, and rebound 40–55% per ASTM D2632. The 28 wt% VA content of EF528 improves filler dispersion and tear strength but also narrows the processing window compared with 18 wt% VA grades; batch-to-batch foam density variance increases if the compound absorbs moisture, making pre-drying at 60 °C for 4 h necessary when ambient humidity exceeds 60%. End products include injection-molded midsoles, compression-molded sheet stock, and thermoformed insole components.
Compounding for halogen-free jacketing and insulation is one of the higher-torque operations encountered with EF528 because the 28 wt% VA content contributes to char formation while metallic hydrate fillers demand precise thermal control. A representative low-smoke, zero-halogen cable compound uses 60–80 phr EF528, 20–30 phr linear low-density polyethylene, 5–10 phr maleic anhydride-grafted polyethylene as a coupling agent, 120–180 phr aluminum trihydrate, 5–10 phr zinc borate, 1–3 phr silicone processing aid, and 0.5–1.0 phr antioxidant. Mixing is carried out on a co-rotating twin-screw extruder with 40:1 L/D or a Buss co-kneader, using a barrel temperature profile of 130–155 °C and a die temperature of 165 °C; the compound must not exceed 190 °C to prevent ATH dehydration. The resulting granulate is extruded onto copper conductor or into jacket tubing on conventional single-screw lines with a 24:1 L/D screw and a shallow compression zone. Finished cable testing per IEC 60332-1-2 verifies flame spread, IEC 60754-1/2 quantifies acid gas release, ISO 4589-2 measures oxygen index, and IEC 60811-501 covers tensile and elongation. Typical compound targets are tensile strength above 10 MPa, elongation at break above 150%, and oxygen index above 30%. The polar vinyl acetate segment increases adhesion to metallic screens and copper, but it also promotes die drool on long extrusion runs; periodic die cleaning and addition of fluoropolymer processing aid at 1–2 wt% mitigate buildup. End products include building wire sheathing, control cables, and low-voltage mining cables.
| Performance Parameter | Test Standard | Target |
|---|---|---|
| Acid gas emission pH | IEC 60754-2 | ≥4.3 |
| Acid gas conductivity | IEC 60754-2 | ≤10 µS/mm |
| Oxygen index | ISO 4589-2 | ≥30% |
| Smoke density transmittance | IEC 61034-2 | ≥60% |
| Flame spread | IEC 60332-1-2 | Pass |
High-shear blending of EF528 into oxidized bitumen begins with a heating stage that must remain below the thermal degradation threshold of the vinyl acetate group. For waterproofing membranes, EF528 is added at 8–15 wt% of the bitumen phase, while lower addition levels of 5–10 wt% are used in some polymer-modified binder formulations for road trials. Mixing is performed in a high-shear rotor-stator mixer at 170–190 °C for 60–120 min until the polymer-rich phase becomes continuous; the exact phase inversion point is maltene-dependent but typically falls between 5 and 7 wt% polymer. Softening point is measured by ASTM D36 or EN 1427, penetration by ASTM D5, elastic recovery by ASTM D6084, and low-temperature flexibility by EN 1109. Modified membranes made with EF528-containing bitumen show a measurable increase in softening point and elastic recovery without requiring sulphur vulcanization, unlike SBS-modified systems. Exceeding 200 °C during mixing leads to detectable acetic acid release and accelerated bitumen oxidation, so mixer vessels are frequently blanketed with nitrogen. End products include torch-applied APP/EVA modified roofing membranes and self-adhesive base sheets tested under EN 13707. The limitation of EF528 in this application is storage stability: if mixing time is below 45 min and the maltene content is low, phase separation can occur in standing tanks, requiring periodic recirculation.
For additive masterbatch applications, the medium polarity and controlled melt flow of EF528 allow wetting of pigments and flame-retardant powders at lower shear than neat polyethylene carriers. A typical polyolefin masterbatch uses 15–35 wt% EF528 as carrier, with the balance consisting of pigment, hindered amine light stabilizer, or brominated flame retardant depending on the target let-down resin. Compounding takes place on a co-rotating twin-screw extruder with 36:1 L/D, screw temperature from 120 to 170 °C, and side feeder introduction of heat-sensitive additives after a first mixing zone to limit residence time. Dispersion quality is controlled by filter pressure value in accordance with EN 13900, with pressure rise below 0.5 MPa at 1 wt% additive loading in polyethylene carrier. The VA groups in EF528 increase compatibility with polar pigments and reduce shear heating compared with high-density polyethylene, but they also raise equilibrium moisture uptake; masterbatch granulate should be dried at 60 °C for 4 h before packaging if film-grade let-down is specified. End-use validation for food-contact polyolefin articles follows EU 10/2011, while electric and electronic applications require RoHS 2011/65/EU compliance. Typical finished masterbatches are used in agricultural film, drip irrigation pipe, and blow-molded containers.
Multilayer structures requiring aluminum foil adhesion employ EF528 as a tie resin in coextrusion coating lines where the 28 wt% VA content provides polar interaction with aluminum oxide and hydroxide surface layers. A typical tie-resin formulation contains 70–90 wt% EF528 and 10–30 wt% polyolefin elastomer or linear low-density polyethylene to adjust melt draw, with silane coupling agent optionally added at 0.1–0.2 wt%. Coextrusion coating is run at 210–240 °C melt temperature, die gap 0.8–1.0 mm, air gap 150–250 mm, and chill-roll temperature 15–25 °C. Peel strength is measured by ASTM F904, with industrial laminates commonly requiring between 4 and 10 N/15 mm depending on foil gauge and surface pretreatment. For direct food-contact layers, the tie resin must comply with FDA 21 CFR 177.1350 and the overall migration limits in EU 10/2011. The VA content also lowers seal initiation temperature compared with polyethylene-based tie resins, which permits faster packaging line cycles on form-fill-seal machinery. End products include toothpaste tubes, retort pouches, pharmaceutical blister lidding, and insulation facing laminates. Processing above 250 °C is not recommended because thermal decomposition of vinyl acetate monomers can generate odor and reduce peel strength on stored laminate stock.
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ELEVATE EF528 Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer is supplied as a pelletized high-vinyl acetate copolymer intended for blown film, cast film, extrusion coating, and polymer modification. The grade identifier designates a nominal vinyl acetate incorporation of 28 wt% and a nominal melt flow rate of 5.2 g/10 min when measured at 190 °C with a 2.16 kg load according to ASTM D1238. Density is typically reported at 0.950 g/cm³ under ASTM D1505. The product is manufactured without deliberately added slip or antiblock agents, allowing converters to add surface-control masterbatches to match downstream film friction requirements. Compared with LDPE homopolymer, the random distribution of polar acetate side groups along the ethylene chain reduces crystalline order, lowers the melting range, and increases adhesion to polar substrates. The grade is positioned between lower-VA extrusion grades in the 9–18 wt% range and higher-VA hot-melt adhesive grades above 33 wt%. Potential end uses include flexible packaging sealant layers, thermal lamination films, photovoltaic encapsulant formulations after compounding with crosslinkers and stabilizers, and polymer modification where reduced heat-seal initiation temperature or improved toughness is required.
At 28 wt% vinyl acetate, the acetate comonomer interrupts the ethylene sequence and suppresses orthorhombic crystallite formation. Differential scanning calorimetry under ASTM D3418 typically records a broad melting endotherm with a peak near 72 °C for this comonomer level, compared with 105–115 °C for LDPE homopolymer. The crystallinity of the EF528 grade falls below 15 %, while LDPE film grades can exceed 40 %. This loss of crystallinity reduces flexural modulus and lowers heat distortion resistance; it also reduces haze and raises low-temperature impact strength, elongation at break, and environmental stress-crack resistance compared with nonpolar polyolefins. The glass transition is typically observed between −25 °C and −30 °C, supporting chain mobility at frozen-food storage conditions. The polar acetate groups increase surface energy and improve adhesion to aluminum foil, paper, polyester film, glass, and polar inks, which differentiates EF528 from LDPE or LLDPE in multilayer structures. Because crystallinity is lower, unmodified film can exhibit blocking on wound rolls unless chill-roll or air-ring cooling is adequate.
On 65 mm single-screw extruders with 30:1 L/D and barrier-type screws, ELEVATE EF528 is processed with a feed-zone barrel temperature near 140–150 °C, rising to 175–195 °C in the metering section. Adapter and die temperatures are normally held at 175–200 °C. Melt temperature is measured at the adapter or die and maintained below 210 °C to minimize degradation. Extended hold times above 220 °C accelerate vinyl acetate pyrolysis, releasing acetic acid that corrodes bare steel die lips and forms gels, discoloration, and adhesion loss. Chrome-plated or stainless steel flow surfaces are specified for continuous operation. The polymer is not strongly hygroscopic; however, condensation on pellets stored at ambient humidity above 70 % can generate steam in the feed zone and cause melt fracture or bubble defects. Pre-drying at 50–60 °C for 2 hours in a desiccant or hot-air hopper dryer is recommended under those conditions. Screw compression ratios of 2.5:1 to 3.0:1 are preferred, and dispersive mixing elements should be avoided unless temperature-controlled and downstream of the melt seal.
In flexible packaging, ELEVATE EF528 is used as a sealant layer where lower heat-seal initiation temperature and a wider hot-tack window are required. The polar acetate groups contribute to adhesion to coextruded tie resins, ethylene acrylic acid, ionomer, and anhydride-modified polyolefin layers; the material is commonly extruded in skin layers of 10–40 μm thickness. Heat-seal initiation is typically observed between 65 °C and 80 °C depending on film thickness, dwell time, and jaw pressure, whereas LDPE homopolymer ordinarily requires seal initiation above 95 °C under identical conditions. This property permits form-fill-seal packaging machines to raise cycle rates or reduce jaw temperatures, decreasing thermal damage to heat-sensitive contents. The lower crystalline melting point of EF528 reduces hot-tack strength above 90 °C and limits the upper service temperature in hot-fill applications. Films containing EF528 sealant layers are not recommended for retort sterilization above 100 °C or for continuous exposure to service temperatures above 60–70 °C, as seal deformation and loss of seal integrity may occur. Under 21 CFR 177.1350, EVA copolymers with vinyl acetate content up to 30 wt% may be used in contact with food when the finished article meets extractive limits for the intended food type and use condition.
For photovoltaic encapsulant applications, ELEVATE EF528 is formulated with peroxide crosslinking agents, silane coupling agents, ultraviolet stabilizers, and antioxidants prior to film casting. The nominal melt flow rate of 5.2 g/10 min permits compounding on twin-screw extruders with high dispersive mixing while maintaining sufficient molecular weight for cast film production and vacuum lamination. Encapsulant films prepared from 28 wt% vinyl acetate copolymers are typically cast at 0.4–0.6 mm thickness and laminated to glass and backsheet at approximately 150 °C. During lamination, peroxide decomposition initiates crosslinking, and silane coupling agents promote adhesion to glass and cell surfaces. Published data for the EF528 designation in photovoltaic encapsulant formulations is limited; the grade falls within the general 28 wt% VA class used for transparent encapsulant films, but module qualification under IEC 61215 requires testing of the complete laminate. Compared with lower-VA grades, EF528 offers higher optical clarity, lower melting point, and better glass adhesion after cure, but shows lower creep resistance at elevated module operating temperatures unless crosslink density is adequately developed. Neat EF528 is not UV-stable outdoors and must be formulated with hindered amine light stabilizers or benzophenone-type UV absorbers to delay photodegradation and acetic acid formation.
As a hot-melt adhesive base polymer, ELEVATE EF528 provides moderate viscosity and compatibility with hydrocarbon resins, rosin esters, and selected polar tackifiers. The 28 wt% vinyl acetate content yields lower application temperature and improved adhesion to paper, wood, and polar substrates relative to lower-VA EVA grades, while the 5.2 g/10 min melt flow rate balances cohesive strength and coatability in slot-die and roller coaters. High-VA EVA, however, is more susceptible to thermal degradation than low-VA grades; compounding should proceed under nitrogen or below 180 °C to limit discoloration and acetic acid emission. For hot-melt operations, hold-up time in the reservoir should be minimized and temperature controllers should be calibrated to prevent overshoot.
ELEVATE EF528 differs from ethylene-butyl acrylate and ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymers primarily in thermal stability and polarity. The vinyl acetate unit is more thermally labile than acrylate comonomers, narrowing the processing window above 200 °C, but it provides stronger adhesion to glass and improved compatibility with rosin-based tackifiers. Compared with LLDPE, EF528 has lower tensile modulus and lower yield stress, which reduces film stiffness but improves puncture resistance and sealability. Compared with ULDPE/VLDPE, EF528 generally shows better optical properties and higher surface polarity, but lower thermal stability and greater sensitivity to moisture on storage. Converters substituting EF528 in a structure designed for nylon or PET seal layers should verify that the final film meets the required heat resistance and stiffness; published data for this specific configuration is limited.
Rheologically, EF528 follows shear-thinning behavior typical of high-VA EVA melts. At processing shear rates above 100 s⁻¹, viscosity decreases sufficiently for cast film dies, while at low shear in blown film the melt strength is lower than LDPE. Blown film with EF528 may require a blow-up ratio of 2.0:1 to 3.0:1 and a frost-line height of 2–3 die diameters to balance bubble stability and optical clarity. Cast film should use a die gap of 0.5–1.0 mm and a chill-roll temperature of 10–20 °C to minimize blocking; winding tension should be tapered to avoid roll blocking because the softer film is more prone to deformation. Addition of greater than 5 wt% of a low-density polyethylene carrier masterbatch may raise seal initiation temperature and reduce transparency; converters evaluating downgauging trials should prepare a design of experiments covering 0–20 wt% masterbatch levels and measure seal strength in accordance with ASTM F88/F88M rather than relying on resin melt index alone.
Thermal degradation of ELEVATE EF528 is governed by the thermal stability of the vinyl acetate repeat unit. Acetic acid elimination and main-chain unsaturation begin slowly near 200 °C, but the rate increases sharply above 220 °C; processing above 230 °C is not recommended for any residence time. The reaction is autocatalytic in the presence of strong acids and is accelerated by copper and copper alloys, which should be excluded from melt-contact surfaces. Processing lines should use 316L stainless steel, chrome-plated flow channels, or ceramic-coated screws. Venting of the extruder barrel, either at atmospheric pressure or under vacuum, assists in removing acetic acid and volatile degradation products. Long barrel residence times of more than 10 minutes at melt temperature can generate gel particles and reduce film clarity. Batch-to-batch variability is controlled by melt index and vinyl acetate content; converters should request the lot certificate of analysis and record melt temperature, motor load, and melt pressure during each run to detect degradation excursions.
Pellets should be stored in a dry, ventilated area below 40 °C and away from direct sunlight. Bulk silos and railcars should be purged with dry air to limit condensation. The product contains no intentionally added slip or antiblock; if aged at elevated temperatures, pellets may form agglomerates due to surface tack. Purging with a lower-VA EVA or LDPE is recommended after shutdowns because degraded EVA is difficult to remove from a cold screw. Vacuum purging compounds should not contain abrasive fillers that wear chrome plating.
The following matrix summarizes the physical property parameters used for lot release and conversion trials. Values are manufacturer-published typical or nominal data and should not be interpreted as specification limits without a current certificate of analysis.
| Parameter | Test method | Typical or nominal value |
|---|---|---|
| Melt flow rate | ASTM D1238, 190 °C/2.16 kg | 5.2 g/10 min |
| Vinyl acetate content | ASTM D5594/FTIR | 28 wt% |
| Density | ASTM D1505 | 0.950 g/cm³ |
| DSC melting peak | ASTM D3418 | near 72 °C |
| Glass transition temperature | ASTM E1640 | −25 °C to −30 °C |
Compliance status is product- and article-specific; the following matrix identifies the relevant regulatory categories and required conditions for EVA copolymer articles.
| Regulatory category | Relevant scope | Condition for EF528 articles |
|---|---|---|
| FDA 21 CFR 177.1350 | Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers in food contact | Permitted for vinyl acetate content up to 30 wt%; finished article must meet extractive limits for intended food type and use condition |
| EU Regulation 10/2011 | Plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with food | Requires overall migration and specific migration testing of the final multilayer or article; not satisfied solely by resin grade |
| RoHS 2011/65/EU | Restriction of hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment | Supplier declaration required; typical manufacturing data do not show intentionally added lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls, or polybrominated diphenyl ethers |
| REACH 1907/2006 | Registration, evaluation, authorization, and restriction of chemicals | Safety data sheet and SVHC statement must be verified for each lot; polymer registration status depends on manufacturer and imported volume |
