| HS Code | 905853 |
| Product Name | ELEVATE EM284 Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer |
| Polymer Type | Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) Copolymer |
| Vinyl Acetate Content | 28 wt% |
| Melt Flow Rate | 4 g/10 min (190°C/2.16 kg) |
| Density | 0.950 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 73 °C |
| Vicat Softening Point | 49 °C |
| Tensile Strength At Break | 20 MPa |
| Elongation At Break | 800 % |
| Flexural Modulus | 27 MPa |
| Hardness | 84 Shore A |
| Brittleness Temperature | -76 °C |
As an accredited ELEVATE EM284 Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | ELEVATE EM284 Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer supplied as free-flowing pellets in 25 kg bags, palletized and shrink-wrapped for safe handling. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20' FCL loading of ELEVATE EM284 EVA copolymer: palletized bags, properly secured, ventilated container, avoiding moisture and heat. |
| Shipping | ELEVATE EM284 Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer ships as solid pellets in sealed, moisture-proof bags or bulk containers. It is non-hazardous and non-regulated, but should be stored dry and away from heat sources. Ensure proper labeling and handling to prevent contamination during transport. |
| Storage | Store ELEVATE EM284 Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight, heat, and open flames. Keep containers tightly sealed when not in use to prevent contamination and moisture pickup. Maintain ambient temperatures and avoid storing near strong oxidizing agents or incompatible chemicals. Follow all local regulations. |
| Shelf Life | Store in cool, dry conditions away from sunlight; shelf life is typically two years from date of manufacture. |
ELEVATE EM284, specified at a nominal 28 wt% vinyl acetate content and a melt mass-flow rate of approximately 4 g/10 min at 190°C under a 2.16 kg load per ISO 1133-1:2022, enters hot-melt adhesive formulation as the principal ethylene-vinyl acetate backbone where bond integrity on coated board, cellulose, and polar films must survive stacking, compressive creep, and sub-ambient distribution without fracture. A reproducible formulation window places ELEVATE EM284 between 18 wt% and 35 wt% of the finished adhesive compound, combined with 30 wt% to 50 wt% rosin ester or hydrogenated hydrocarbon tackifier, 10 wt% to 30 wt% paraffin or microcrystalline wax, and 0.2 wt% to 1.0 wt% hindered phenolic antioxidant with optional secondary phosphite stabilizer. The compounding sequence in jacketed sigma-blade or anchor-helix mixers begins with polymer and antioxidant at 150°C to 165°C, followed by gradual tackifier addition, then wax addition after full resin dissolution, with total batch residence from 45 min to 90 min under nitrogen blanketing and applied vacuum below -0.08 MPa to strip residual moisture and acetic acid released from the vinyl acetate segments. Compliance for food-contact packaging adhesives is evaluated against FDA 21 CFR 175.105, EU Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 with migration limits for final articles, and REACH Annex XVII restrictions for substances of very high concern; adhesive viscosity for slot-die, bead, and wheel-pot application is typically maintained between 600 mPa·s and 1800 mPa·s at 180°C using melt gear pumps and heated hoses controlled within ±2°C across the coating head. Terminal products include side-seam and bottom-seam carton closure, corrugated case sealing, bookbinding spine adhesives, and laminating adhesives for film-to-paper structures; operation above 200°C is not recommended because prolonged thermal exposure accelerates acetic acid evolution, which raises free fatty acid values and increases corrosion risk on carbon steel surfaces, while adhesive lines without vented mixing kettles exhibit batch-to-batch viscosity drift from oxidation. Published data for the specific configuration of EM284 in low-application-temperature freezer-grade hot melts remains limited, so freezer-grade development requires pilot-scale open-time and compression creep validation under ASTM D4498-07 rather than direct extrapolation from standard packaging adhesives.
Halogen-free flame-retardant cable insulation and sheathing compounds built around ELEVATE EM284 are assessed primarily by oxygen index retention after thermal ageing, smoke density under flaming, acid gas evolution from combustion, and long-term elongation retention on the finished conductor. ELEVATE EM284 is added at 20 wt% to 40 wt% of the total polymer phase, blended with LLDPE or HDPE at 10 wt% to 20 wt% and functionalized polyolefin coupling agents at 0.5 wt% to 1.5 wt%, while aluminium trihydrate and magnesium dihydrate are incorporated at combined filler loadings of 50 wt% to 65 wt%. The vinyl acetate comonomer improves filler dispersion and promotes char formation during combustion, but it simultaneously releases acetic acid during processing and early thermal degradation, requiring vented twin-screw compounding with barrel profiles from 120°C to 180°C and screw speeds of 250 rpm to 450 rpm on a co-rotating L/D 40:1 machine; downstream single-screw extrusion onto copper or aluminium conductors is performed at 150°C to 180°C through a pressure die with crosshead temperature differential held below 10°C across the circumference to prevent eccentric wall thickness. Compliance testing for photovoltaic, building, and control cable applications follows IEC 60332-1-2 for vertical flame propagation on a single cable, IEC 60754-1 for halogen acid gas emission, IEC 60754-2 for pH and conductivity of combustion gases, EN 50618 for photovoltaic cable performance, and ASTM D2863 for limiting oxygen index. The compound must be pre-dried at 60°C to 80°C for at least 4 h when ambient relative humidity exceeds 60%, and barrel zones above 190°C should be avoided to suppress premature deacetylation that raises volatiles and reduces crosslinked tensile properties. Terminal product types include low-voltage building wire sheathing, photovoltaic array cable insulation, control cable jacketing, and industrial flexible cable sheathing; formulations containing amine-based intumescent char promoters may interfere with organofunctional silane coupling of mineral fillers and should be validated for tensile retention after 168 h at 135°C per IEC 60216 to confirm thermal endurance prior to commercial use.
| EM284 in polymer phase (wt%) | Total ATH/MDH filler (wt%) | Oxygen index ASTM D2863 (vol%) | Tensile retention after 168 h at 135°C (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20 | 55 | 32 | 80 |
| 30 | 60 | 35 | 84 |
| 40 | 65 | 38 | 86 |
In chemically blown footwear components, the exothermic decomposition of azodicarbonamide between 150°C and 210°C intersects the melt processing window of ELEVATE EM284, making mould temperature stability, injection speed, and peroxide decomposition efficiency the primary controls for cell size distribution and skin-layer integrity. A representative midsole compound uses 100 phr ELEVATE EM284 as the base resin, with azodicarbonamide at 1.5 phr to 3.0 phr, dicumyl peroxide at 0.8 phr to 1.2 phr, zinc oxide at 1.5 phr to 2.5 phr, stearic acid at 0.5 phr to 1.0 phr, and ground calcium carbonate at 10 phr to 25 phr; the vinyl acetate segments reduce mix torque and permit lower banbury discharge temperatures, but the same polarity increases mould release residue from metal stearate decomposition, requiring periodic mould cleaning with alkaline aqueous solutions rather than solvent-only wipedown. Compounding in an internal mixer at 105°C to 115°C is followed by two-roll mill sheeting or strand pelletizing at temperatures below 110°C to prevent premature blowing agent decomposition, and injection foaming is conducted with clamp force from 250 t to 500 t, injection speed above 80 mm/s, and mould temperature maintained at 165°C ± 3°C to avoid pre-expansion in the nozzle or post-foaming collapse at the core. Compliance testing follows ASTM D3575 for closed-cell foam properties, ISO 20965 for compression set and rebound, and REACH Annex XVII restrictions for restricted fillers and blowing agents; azo-type blowing agent decomposition residues must be monitored for hydrazine by-products under EU Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 where final articles are sold into European markets. The table below shows a representative formulation gradient from a 40 mm twin-screw compounding line feeding an injection foaming machine; terminal article types include athletic midsoles, outdoor sandal soles, anti-fatigue matting, and injection-moulded leisure shoe units. Pre-drying at 50°C to 65°C for 2 h to 3 h is required when ambient relative humidity exceeds 60%, and free-radical scavenging additives such as amine-based antiozonants should be avoided in peroxide-cured foam formulations because they reduce crosslink density and enlarge cell size.
| Azodicarbonamide level (phr) | Foam density (g/cm³) | Split tear ASTM D3575 (N/mm) | Asker C hardness |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.5 | 0.25 | 2.5 | 58 |
| 2.0 | 0.20 | 2.1 | 52 |
| 3.0 | 0.12 | 1.7 | 45 |
In co-rotating twin-screw masterbatch lines with screw diameters from 40 mm to 75 mm and L/D ratios above 40:1, viscosity drift of the carrier phase during strand pelletizing directly produces batch-to-batch colour strength variation in olefinic colour concentrates, especially when pigment loadings exceed 30 wt% and die-head residence time becomes sensitive to pressure fluctuations. ELEVATE EM284 is incorporated as the carrier resin at 50 wt% to 80 wt% of the final masterbatch, enabling carbon black, titanium dioxide, or organic pigment loadings between 20 wt% and 50 wt% without excessive die swell at strand die temperatures from 140°C to 170°C; the 28 wt% vinyl acetate content reduces carrier crystallinity, improves wetting of polar pigment surfaces, and allows lower zone temperatures than neat LDPE carriers, but it narrows the acceptable upper residence time before acetic acid evolution becomes detectable at the vacuum vent. Twin-screw processing is carried out with barrel sections from 100°C to 170°C, side feeding for heat-sensitive pigments after the melting zone, atmospheric venting followed by vacuum venting at -0.08 MPa, and water-ring or strand pelletizing with water temperature below 15°C to prevent pellet aggregation. Material compliance for masterbatch carriers is typically specified under REACH and RoHS 2011/65/EU for electrical and electronic end-uses, while food-contact final articles require migration assessment under EU Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 rather than relying on the unfilled carrier resin alone; terminal product types include polyolefin colour masterbatches for film and injection moulding, additive masterbatches for slip and antiblock, flame-retardant masterbatches, and UV-stabilized concentrates. Compounding lines should limit melt temperature below 200°C and avoid hold-ups longer than 5 min between screw and die to prevent corrosive deacetylation of the vinyl acetate function, particularly when upstream feeders introduce hygroscopic fillers or moisture levels above 0.1%.
Polymer-modified bitumen produced with ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer depends on physical crosslinking of crystalline ethylene segments in the asphalt phase rather than chemical crosslinking; therefore storage stability under silo conditions is a direct function of polymer dosage, shear history, compatibility, and low-shear agitation during high-temperature holding. ELEVATE EM284 is incorporated at 3 wt% to 7 wt% of the neat bitumen mass, with high-shear milling at 170°C to 180°C using rotor tip speeds above 20 m/s for 1 h to 3 h, followed by transfer to insulated storage tanks maintained at 150°C to 160°C with paddle agitation at 10 rpm to 30 rpm to inhibit phase separation. The vinyl acetate segment softens the polymer-rich phase and improves low-temperature flexibility without requiring vulcanizing agents, but exceeding 7 wt% polymer concentration without compatibilizing aromatic oil or maleic anhydride-grafted polyolefin may lead to ductile-to-brittle transition elevation and storage instability measured as softening point difference above 5°C between top and bottom samples after 72 h at 160°C. Compliance testing follows EN 14023 for polymer-modified bitumen specification, ASTM D6084 for elastic recovery at 25°C, AASHTO M320 for performance-graded asphalt binder classification, ASTM D36 for softening point, and ASTM D5 for penetration; terminal applications include highway stone mastic asphalt, bridge deck waterproofing membranes, airport runway overlay binders, and high-void asphalt concrete for heavy-duty highways. High-shear mixing equipment is typically a rotor-stator mill with jacketed heating and external circulation pump capable of recirculating the tank volume at least 5 times per hour, while prolonged temperatures above 190°C accelerate oxidative ageing of both bitumen and vinyl acetate segments and should be limited to short transfer periods under inert gas blanketing. Published data for the specific configuration of EM284 in highly modified bitumen with wax additives is limited, so penetration index and force ductility tests under ASTM D6084 should be generated at pilot scale before specifying the grade for polymer-rich roofing or bridge-deck formulations.
EVA-based sealant layers in multilayer blown and cast films are specified by heat-seal initiation temperature and hot-tack window, both of which shift with vinyl acetate content, sealant thickness, and let-down ratio in the skin layer. ELEVATE EM284 is let down at 10 wt% to 30 wt% into LDPE or LLDPE sealing-layer compounds, reducing seal initiation to a range of 85°C to 110°C at seal pressures of 2 bar to 3 bar and dwell times of 0.5 s to 1.0 s, while the melt mass-flow rate of 4 g/10 min stabilizes extruder backpressure on standard single-screw extruders with L/D 30:1 and screw speeds from 80 rpm to 150 rpm. Coextrusion is performed on 3-layer or 5-layer blown-film lines with melt temperatures from 190°C to 220°C, die gaps between 1.8 mm and 2.5 mm, and blow-up ratios from 2.5 to 3.5; cast-film lines operate at melt temperatures from 210°C to 230°C with chill roll temperatures below 15°C to preserve low seal initiation. Compliance for food-contact structures is anchored to FDA 21 CFR 177.1350 for ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, EU Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 with overall migration below 10 mg/dm² for final articles, and REACH for imported packaging components; seal strength is tested by ASTM F88, hot tack by ASTM F1921, and coefficient of friction by ASTM D1894 after corona treatment to 38 dyne/cm to 42 dyne/cm. Terminal film types include frozen food bags, snack packaging, lidding films, medical device pouches, and lamination sealant webs for foil or metallized structures; the vinyl acetate content reduces melt temperature but also narrows the thermal processing window, so prolonged operation above 220°C should be avoided to prevent acid odour and gel formation, and purging with LDPE after shutdown is required to minimize carbonized deposits in the die lip.
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For applications requiring a defined vinyl acetate content in a pelletized ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ELEVATE EM284 is introduced as a thermoplastic resin within the ethylene-vinyl acetate product family. The grade is positioned for extrusion, compounding, extrusion coating, injection molding, and adhesive modification rather than for high-flow photovoltaic encapsulation. The EM284 designation is associated in producer documentation with a nominal vinyl acetate content of 28 wt% and a melt flow rate of 4 g/10 min at 190 °C under a 2.16 kg load when determined by ISO 1133-1:2022. Density is typically reported near 0.950 g/cm³ by ISO 1183-1:2019. Vinyl acetate content is verified using ISO 8985:2022; tensile properties are measured with ISO 527-2:2012. Hardness and Vicat softening temperature are evaluated using ISO 868:2003 and ISO 306:2022, respectively. These characteristics identify a medium-flow, mid-VA EVA copolymer suitable for sealant layers, flexible packaging, adhesive tie layers, footwear foaming, and injection-molded parts requiring polar adhesion and low-temperature flexibility. The grade is not a direct substitute for high-VA copolymers above 33 wt% VA or for high-flow EVA resins above 25 g/10 min used in photovoltaic encapsulation, because flow path, degradation threshold, and lamination fill requirements differ.
Lot release boundaries are supplier-specific, and generic product designations cannot guarantee that every incoming lot matches a single value. The producer’s certificate of analysis provides measured melt flow rate, vinyl acetate content, density, and tensile data. Incoming inspection should not replace those records with nominal grade-sheet values without verification. Tensile bars are conditioned for 88 h at 23 °C and 50% RH before testing according to ISO 527-2:2012. Pellets are supplied as cut or spherical granules; the producer limits fines, dust, and agglomerates because they disturb screw feed consistency. If the resin is transferred in dilute-phase conveying, pellet breakage can generate streamers that bridge at the hopper throat. Production-scale audits have shown that reducing conveying air velocity below 25 m/s and using gentle pipe bends lowers such attrition. Published data for this specific configuration is limited, so plant-specific validation is required before setting incoming inspection limits.
Moisture uptake in EVA is lower than in polyamide or PET, but storage at relative humidity above 60% can raise pellet surface moisture to a level that produces bubble defects in film processes. Surface moisture above 0.10 wt% is controlled by drying in a desiccant dryer at 60 °C to 70 °C for 4 h to 6 h. The drying-air dewpoint is maintained at -40 °C or lower. Drying temperatures above 80 °C may soften pellets and create agglomerates, leading to screw feed interruptions. Long hopper residence times should be avoided in heated hoppers because particulate fusion can occur. Dried material is conveyed to the machine through closed lines to prevent moisture regain before the feed throat.
Extrusion coating with EM284 requires control of a narrow thermal window. Melt temperature at the die is typically set between 150 °C and 190 °C. If melt temperature remains below 150 °C, viscosity may be too high for stable curtain formation and edge draw; if it exceeds 225 °C, deacetylation accelerates and acetic acid is liberated. Acetic acid vapor attacks unplated carbon steel and contributes to gel formation in dead zones. Screw speed increases that are not matched by adequate barrel cooling create shear heating and can shift the melt temperature past the degradation threshold even when set zones remain unchanged. Back pressure at the adapter is maintained between 50 bar and 120 bar; pressure excursions above 160 bar before the screen pack indicate blocked screens, melt-phase gel, or insufficient melt temperature. A pressure differential exceeding 35% of the baseline value is used as a screen-change trigger. Melt curtain stability is influenced by die gap settings from 0.4 mm to 0.8 mm and by melt-temperature uniformity across the slot; a variation greater than ±3 °C across the die width can produce edge tear and uneven coating weight. At processing shear rates from 100 s⁻¹ to 1000 s⁻¹, the melt exhibits shear thinning, but power-law index data for a specific lot should be generated by capillary rheometry rather than adopted from generic tables.
In co-rotating twin-screw compounding, EM284 is used as a carrier or base resin for adhesive masterbatch, filler concentrates, and halogen-free flame-retardant compounds. Barrel set points between 120 °C and 180 °C are combined with screw speeds from 200 rpm to 400 rpm on machines with L/D ratios from 40:1 to 52:1. Distributive mixing elements are placed downstream of the feed zone, while dispersive kneading blocks follow filler injection points. Specific mechanical energy input below 0.18 kWh/kg may result in poor dispersion; energy above 0.30 kWh/kg may raise melt temperature enough to promote acetate elimination. Vent port temperatures are kept above 140 °C to prevent condensation of acetic acid, but below the feed zone set point to avoid polymer carry-over. If volatile acetaldehyde or acetic acid accumulates at the vent, the port is vacuum-assisted at 80 kPa to 95 kPa to strip decomposition products. Fillers with highly alkaline surface chemistry, such as untreated zinc oxide, are evaluated for accelerated deacetylation. Production-scale mixing lines have observed screw wear on standard nitrided screws when filler loadings exceed 30 wt%; bi-metallic screw elements are specified in those formulations.
Reclaim streams containing EM284 are limited in high-temperature extrusion operations. Post-industrial film scrap can be re-pelletized at low melt temperatures, but repeated heat history raises the concentration of oxidized species and free acetate. If the reclaim content exceeds 20 wt%, viscosity shifts and gel counts may become visible in the melt curtain. Screen pack filtration at 100 µm to 200 µm is typical; gel capture can increase pressure differential and require changing screens every 4 h to 8 h in continuous runs. When volatile acetic acid is present, vacuum venting and acid-neutralizing purging compounds are used. EM284 is not blended with acidic ionic residues or alkaline concentrates without compounding trials because deacetylation can be accelerated by ionic contaminants.
The principal degradation reaction in ELEVATE EM284 is thermal deacetylation, which releases acetic acid and leaves unsaturation in the polyethylene backbone. The reaction is kinetically limited below 200 °C but accelerates above 220 °C. Processing equipment for this grade therefore uses nitrided or stainless steel surfaces. Copper alloys and aluminum are avoided because acetic acid attack and metal-ion catalysis can discolor the melt. In injection molding, hot-runner systems with small manifold volumes are limited to melt residence times below 20 min at 190 °C. Mold vents are cleaned on a scheduled basis to prevent corrosive deposits on unplated steel. If the material is overheated, the resulting gel particles may be retained at the screen pack or cause gate drop clogging.
| Property | Test method | Relevance in EM284 processing |
|---|---|---|
| Melt flow rate | ISO 1133-1:2022 | Sets minimum injection pressure, screw output, and extrusion back pressure |
| Vinyl acetate content | ISO 8985:2022 | Controls polarity, adhesion, flexibility, and thermal stability |
| Density | ISO 1183-1:2019 | Affects weight-to-volume compounding and shipping mass |
| Tensile properties | ISO 527-2:2012 | Defines sealant and molded-part mechanical limits |
| Hardness | ISO 868:2003 | Used for footwear and gasket surface specification |
| Vicat softening temperature | ISO 306:2022 | Provides an upper temperature limit under low load |
Regulatory compliance for the base resin is defined by FDA 21 CFR 177.1350 for the United States and EU 10/2011 migration limits for Europe. The grade is expected to conform to RoHS 2011/65/EU and REACH SVHC screening; final articles must be tested when colorants, processing aids, or secondary resins are added. Food-contact end use requires total migration testing according to EN 1186-1 and specific migration testing for acetic acid and carbonyl decomposition products where relevant. The final compound is confirmed with the resin producer or compounder, because additive packages and converter-added materials change the regulatory profile.
In injection molding, EM284 is used for overmolded grips, cushion parts, closure liners, and sports equipment components. Barrel temperatures are set from 150 °C to 190 °C, and mold temperatures are typically held between 10 °C and 40 °C. Mold temperatures below 20 °C can increase orientation and reduce surface gloss, while temperatures above 40 °C lengthen cycle time and increase after-shrinkage. Holding pressure is generally set at 40% to 60% of injection pressure to control sink marks without overpacking gates. Clamp forces are determined by projected area; for thin-wall parts, the required tonnage is often estimated at 3.5 kN/cm² to 5 kN/cm² of projected area, but mold-filling simulation with material-specific rheology data is more precise. The gate diameter is sized to avoid excessive shear heating, particularly for hot-runner drops smaller than 0.8 mm, because small gates can raise local melt temperature above the deacetylation threshold even when the barrel is correctly set.
Compared with low-density polyethylene homopolymer, ELEVATE EM284 has higher polarity due to the 28 wt% vinyl acetate comonomer. This reduces crystalline order, lowers the melting range, and improves adhesion to paper, aluminum foil, and some ink coatings. It also reduces the maximum continuous service temperature relative to semi-crystalline polyolefins. In sealant layers, the lower melting range permits heat-seal initiation at lower temperatures than LDPE, but seal strength is strongly dependent on seal bar temperature, dwell time, and pressure. Users must characterize seal initiation on their own lines because published data for this specific configuration is limited.
Relative to lower-VA EVA grades in the 14 wt% to 18 wt% VA range, EM284 exhibits greater flexibility, higher low-temperature impact toughness, and stronger polar adhesion but lower tensile modulus and creep resistance. Relative to higher-VA grades above 33 wt% VA, EM284 is less tacky in pellet handling, remains free-flowing in silo storage, and offers a wider extrusion window before deacetylation becomes difficult to control. Compared with metallocene ethylene-α-olefin elastomers, EM284 carries a polar acetate functionality that improves bonding to polar inks, lacquers, and fillers, but its upper melt-temperature limit is lower because the acetate group is thermally sensitive. Compared with ethylene-methyl acrylate and ethylene-butyl acrylate copolymers, EM284 is selected where vinyl acetate content controls adhesion rather than extreme high-temperature stability; it is less suited to long high-temperature residence because acid volatiles are generated at a lower threshold. The product is segregated from acetal resins, polyamides, and other amine-releasing polymers in mixed recycling streams because acetic acid and amine reactions can form odorous salts and surface deposits.
For photovoltaic encapsulation, EVA grades with MFR values above 25 g/10 min are routinely selected to permit lamination fill without excessive cell displacement. EM284 carries a nominal MFR of 4 g/10 min and is not positioned for that segment. Multilayer films, adhesive layers, sealant webs, and injection-molded components remain the operating envelope. This distinction is critical in production scheduling when multiple EVA grades are stored in adjacent silos or transferred through shared vacuum conveying lines; grade contamination between high-MFR encapsulant resin and EM284 can alter lamination flow and film seal initiation.
