| HS Code | 197171 |
| Appearance | milky white liquid |
| Solid Content Percent | 50 ± 2 |
| Viscosity Mpa S | 8000 - 12000 |
| Ph Value | 4.0 - 6.0 |
| Particle Size Micron | 0.5 - 2.0 |
| Glass Transition Temperature Celsius | 28 - 35 |
| Minimum Film Forming Temperature Celsius | 15 - 20 |
| Density G Per Cm3 | 1.05 - 1.10 |
| Freeze Thaw Stability | stable up to 3 cycles |
| Mechanical Stability | excellent under high shear |
| Storage Stability Months | 6 months at 5-35°C |
| Film Appearance | transparent and flexible |
| Bond Strength Kg Per Cm2 | ≥ 50 |
| Residual Monomer Percent | ≤ 0.1 |
As an accredited BT-02 PVAc Emulsion factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | BT-02 PVAc Emulsion is supplied in sealed 200 kg drums or 1,000 kg IBC totes, ensuring safe handling and contamination-free storage. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL shipping of BT-02 PVAc Emulsion: stabilized, non-hazardous polymer dispersion loaded in drums, secured and sealed for safe transit. |
| Shipping | BT-02 PVAc Emulsion ships as a non-hazardous, water-based polymer dispersion. Use standard ground, sea, or rail transport in sealed drums, IBCs, or bulk tanks. Protect from freezing and excessive heat during transit. Ensure containers remain upright and tightly closed to prevent leakage or contamination. |
| Storage | Store BT-02 PVAc Emulsion in tightly sealed original containers in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area. Protect from direct sunlight and extreme temperatures; do not allow to freeze. Maintain storage temperature between 5°C and 40°C to prevent coagulation or degradation. Keep away from incompatible materials such as strong oxidizers. Under proper conditions, shelf life is typically six months. |
| Shelf Life | Store in sealed container at 5–35°C, protect from frost. Shelf life: 12 months from production date. |
BT-02 PVAc emulsion is compounded into cold-press wood adhesives where EN 204/205 durability class D3 is the minimum for interior furniture components subject to intermittent moisture. The emulsion is typically received at 50–55% solids and is let down with a polyvinyl alcohol solution at 8–12% concentration to give final adhesive solids of 48–52%. Calcium carbonate filler is added at 10–18% on wet formulation to increase initial tack and reduce bonded-area cost; plasticizer, where permitted, is limited to 2–4% dibutyl phthalate-free citrate ester because excess plasticizer depresses wet shear below the EN 204 D3 limit. Viscosity is controlled to 8,000–15,000 mPa·s on a Brookfield LV viscometer, spindle 4, 12 rpm, 25 °C. On a flat lamination line, beech or oak lamellae are planed to 0.15–0.25 mm thickness tolerance, moisture conditioned to 8–12%, and coated at 120–180 g/m² using a single-roll coater with doctor blade gap 0.4–0.6 mm. Assembly open time is held to 5–8 min in a hall at 20 °C and 65% relative humidity; stack pressure is 0.5–1.0 N/mm² for 20–40 min. D3 qualification requires that beech lap shear assemblies exposed to cold water at 20±2 °C for 4 days retain a tensile shear strength of at least 2.0 N/mm²; dry strength after 7 days in standard atmosphere must exceed 10 N/mm². Under ASTM D905-23, shear strength on hard maple blocks is measured at 5 mm/min loading rate after conditioning. Radio-frequency curing can reduce press time to 3–8 min at 13.56 MHz, but power input must stay below 25 kW per platen to avoid steam breakout at glue lines thicker than 0.2 mm. The terminal products are laminated furniture panels, stair treads for interior use, and door stiles. Operational boundary: BT-02-based formulations without hardener are not acceptable for D4 exterior joinery or continuous water immersion; if D4 is required, a separate two-part crosslinking system is used, and the pot life after catalyst addition drops to 30–60 min. Do not combine with amine-based flexibilizers because pH suppression below 4.0 can destabilize the PVAc dispersion and produce grain separation on oak substrates.
In corrugated board lamination and paperboard carton side-seam operations, BT-02 is diluted with deionized water to 35–45% solids and applied at 2–4 g/m² dry adhesive weight. Viscosity is reduced to 400–800 mPa·s at 25 °C for three-roll metering and engraved gravure applicators running at 120–180 m/min. The wet tack window is 10–20 s, which is long enough for B-flute single-face registration but short enough to avoid blocking on the stacking conveyor. A starch extender, typically oxidized tapioca or corn starch cooked at 20–30% solids, may replace 15–25% of the PVAc solids to reduce cost, but addition above 25% lowers water resistance of the bond line. Compliance for food packaging indirect contact is governed by FDA 21 CFR 175.105 and for the European Union by Commission Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 on plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with food, provided the dried adhesive is separated by a functional barrier or migration testing is completed. Pin adhesion of corrugated board is tested under TAPPI T 821; acceptance thresholds are set per board grade and mill specification after 24 h conditioning at 23 °C/50% RH. Foaming is controlled with 0.1–0.3% mineral oil defoamer because trapped air in the gravure cells causes skip coating and delamination at the corrugator cut-off. Terminal products are laminated paperboard cartons, protective corner boards, and multi-wall paper sacks with improved water resistance versus starch-only bonds. The limitation is substrate porosity: BT-02 does not wet polyethylene-coated board or metallized film; corona treatment to 38–42 mN/m surface energy is required, and even then film-to-paper lamination usually requires a two-component polyurethane instead.
Muller Martini and Kolbus perfect binding lines run BT-02 at spine application temperatures of 20–30 °C, which avoids the thermal substrate shock caused by 170–180 °C polyurethane hot melts. Viscosity is maintained at 2,500–5,000 mPa·s by adding 3–5% water during continuous circulation; below 2,000 mPa·s, penetration into uncoated paper reduces spine surface film continuity, while above 6,000 mPa·s, notching and penetration into folded signatures become uneven. The adhesive is applied to the roughened spine at 0.3–0.6 mm coat thickness and pressed into the cover with nipping pressure 0.3–0.7 N/mm² for 3–5 s. Coated papers with surface energy below 38 mN/m require a spine preparation depth of 0.8–1.2 mm and a primer thin coat of 0.05–0.1 mm to prevent cold crack at the hinge. Layer opening and page-pull testing is performed on a tensile tester calibrated to ISO 7500-1 using a jaw separation rate of 50 mm/min; minimum acceptable page pull for digital-print coated stock is 12–15 N/cm after 24 h conditioning at 23 °C/50% RH. Flex crack resistance at the hinge is checked with 100–200 repeated open-close cycles on a rub tester, and failure is defined as visible adhesive film fracture at the hinge midpoint. The terminal products are softcover and hardcover books, journals, and glued pads. Operational boundaries: BT-02 alone is not suitable for full PUR substitution on heavily coated art paper or PET film coverings because the dried film remains thermoplastic above 40 °C and can block in a warm warehouse; for high-volume digital print applications, mixed polyethylene/paper covers should be pre-scored and adhesion-promoted with a solvent primer. The emulsion should be documented against REACH and RoHS requirements when no phthalate plasticizer is added.
In ready-mix interior wall putty, BT-02 is used at 8–12% on total compound as the secondary binder, with calcium carbonate at 65–75% by weight, talc at 5–10%, and a cellulose ether thickener at 0.3–0.5%. Water content is adjusted to 18–22% to give a Stormer viscosity of 90–110 KU at 25 °C. The slurry is mixed in a high-shear disperser with tip speed 18–25 m/s for 20–30 min until a Hegman grind gauge reading of 40–50 µm is reached. BT-02 raises wet adhesion to cement plaster and prevents microcracking after drying; at addition levels above 12%, the putty becomes more thermoplastic and can stick to sanding screens during orbital sanding at 10,000 rpm. The product is tested for joint compound performance under ASTM C474, with bond of tape measured by tensile methods, and specification compliance is directed by ASTM C475. After 24 h, the putty film should exhibit a pull-off adhesion strength above 0.3 N/mm² on primed cement mortar panel using a digital pull-off tester aligned with ISO 4624 methodology. Shrinkage must remain below 0.5% linear after 7 days at 23 °C/50% RH. Terminal use is interior wall and ceiling skimming, gypsum board joint filling, and minor patching before painting. Operational boundary: this type of PVAc-bound putty is intended solely for interior dry zones; continuous exposure to relative humidity above 85% or condensation causes softening and encourages microbial growth. Do not use as a base under exterior renders or in wet areas without a synthetic polymer dispersion with higher water resistance.
In high-PVC interior flat wall paints, BT-02 is used as the sole film former at 10–14% latex solids on total wet paint, corresponding to a pigment volume concentration of 75–85% with titanium dioxide at 8–12%, calcined kaolin at 10–15%, and ground calcium carbonate at 20–30%. The grind phase is dispersed under a Cowles blade at 18–25 m/s tip speed for 15–20 min to reach a Hegman grind of 50–60 µm; the letdown phase incorporates the BT-02 emulsion with defoamer at 0.2–0.5% and coalescent at 1–2% on binder solids. The blend is adjusted to a Stormer viscosity of 90–100 KU and an ICI cone-and-plate high-shear viscosity of 1.2–1.8 P at 25 °C. Scrub resistance is tested under ISO 11998 after 28 days cure at 200 µm wet film thickness; the film loss after 200 scrub cycles is measured in micrometres and reported by classification. Contrast ratio is determined by ISO 6504-3 at 20 m²/L spreading rate. The dried film remains water-sensitive and will soften after 24 h water contact; therefore this binder is restricted to interior dry to moderate humidity service, typically 40–70% RH. Terminal products are low-odor interior wall and ceiling paints for residential repainting. Compliance is based on the final paint, not the emulsion alone, and commonly aligns with ASTM D4236 labelling, EN 71-3 for toy safety if the formulation excludes heavy-metal pigments, and the EU Toy Safety Directive 2009/48/EC soluble element limits. Do not formulate with ammonia above 0.3% on total weight unless plant ventilation and final pH are controlled, because the resulting amine odor will require longer post-paint ventilation and can destabilize the emulsion during storage.
In spiral tube winding, BT-02 is combined with a dextrin or polyvinyl alcohol solution to produce a high-tack, fast-setting adhesive for convolute cores used in textile winding and film rewind. The working adhesive at 45–55% solids has a viscosity of 1,200–2,500 mPa·s at 25 °C; lower viscosity causes strike-through on 170–250 g/m² kraft plies, while higher viscosity prevents even transfer from the doctor roll to the winding carriage. The line speed is typically 15–40 m/min with a winding angle of 15–30°, and the adhesive film is applied at 20–35 g/m² wet per ply. Wet tack develops within 10–30 s, which prevents delamination of the outer ply on the mandrel before the tube is cut and stacked. After 24 h conditioning at 23 °C/50% RH, the finished core is tested for flat crush resistance and flexural modulus according to ISO 11093-9 and ISO 11093-6, respectively. Core stock with wall thickness 2–10 mm should retain 80–90% of its dry flat crush strength when stored at 85% RH for 24 h, because the PVAc bond remains rigid and does not creep like starch-only formulations at high humidity. Terminal products are winding tubes for cotton yarn, polypropylene film cores, and protective paper edge protectors. Operational boundary: BT-02 should not be used for paper tubes that will be immersed in water or sterilized; the emulsion film softens above 40 °C under load and can allow the core to lose dimensional stability on hot-fill film lines. For tubes exceeding 10 mm wall thickness, the adhesive must be dried progressively between plies, otherwise trapped water causes dimensional swelling and a spiral bulge after 48–72 h storage.
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BT-02 is a polyvinyl acetate homopolymer emulsion stabilized with a polyvinyl alcohol protective colloid. The product is supplied as a white to off-white dispersion with a solids content of 50 ± 2 wt% determined gravimetrically in accordance with ISO 3251:2019, a Brookfield RVT viscosity at 25 °C of 4,000–6,000 mPa·s measured at 20 rpm with spindle 4 according to ISO 2555:2018, and a pH of 4.0–5.5 measured on the as-supplied emulsion using ISO 976:2021. The minimum film formation temperature is 5–8 °C as determined by ISO 2115:2000, and the density at 20 °C is 1.08–1.12 g/cm³. The dispersion contains no intentionally added plasticizer; film formation is achieved through polyvinyl alcohol and controlled residual vinyl acetate monomer, which is typically below 1,000 mg/kg by headspace gas chromatography.
| Property | Test method | Typical range |
|---|---|---|
| Solids content | ISO 3251:2019 | 50 ± 2 wt% |
| Brookfield RVT viscosity at 25 °C, 20 rpm, spindle 4 | ISO 2555:2018 | 4,000–6,000 mPa·s |
| pH at 25 °C | ISO 976:2021 | 4.0–5.5 |
| Minimum film formation temperature | ISO 2115:2000 | 5–8 °C |
| Density at 20 °C | ISO 2811-1:2016 | 1.08–1.12 g/cm³ |
| Residue on 180 µm sieve | Internal wet-sieving procedure | ≤ 0.05 wt% |
| Residual vinyl acetate monomer | Headspace gas chromatography | ≤ 1,000 mg/kg |
Viscosity response under shear is non-Newtonian. On a Brookfield RVT at 20 rpm, the as-supplied emulsion typically records 4,000–6,000 mPa·s; at 5 rpm the same material may read 6,500–9,000 mPa·s, while at 100 rpm the value falls to 2,500–3,500 mPa·s. High-shear measurements using a cone-and-plate rheometer at 1,000 s⁻¹ and 25 °C indicate apparent viscosity of 300–500 mPa·s. This shear-thinning behaviour permits clean transfer through roller coaters and slot-die applicators without stringing, while the low-shear body restricts soak-in on absorbent substrates. In production, use of a stainless-steel or polyethylene-lined transfer system with progressive cavity pumps is recommended; rotary lobe pumps with tight clearances can generate local shear above 5,000 s⁻¹, and prolonged exposure at that rate can raise temperature above 45 °C and initiate grit formation. Batch-to-batch viscosity drift on a 6,000 kg reactor train was observed to remain within ±300 mPa·s when the hold time at 70 °C during post-cook stripping was kept below 90 min.
Mechanical stability in high-shear dispersion equipment was evaluated with a Cowles dissolver at 3,000 rpm for 10 min; residue on a 180 µm screen remained below 0.05 wt% of total solids. In a production-scale paper lamination line, a 100 µm bag filter installed before a slot-die coater accumulated less than 1.2 kg of coagulum over a 24 h run at 35 °C and 55 % relative humidity. The dispersion is not designed for ultrasonic or high-pressure homogenizer post-treatment; such operations can destroy the protective colloid layer and produce irreversible viscosity loss.
At 23 °C and 55 % relative humidity, open time on beech veneer is typically 8–12 min; raising relative humidity to 75 % reduces open time to 5–8 min because water evaporation is retarded. Wet tack remains sufficient for positioning up to 6 min when applied at 120 g/m². Below the minimum film formation temperature of 5–8 °C, coalescence is incomplete, and dry film becomes powdery; production trials on a cold press in an unheated hall at 9–11 °C produced a measurable reduction in wood failure to 40–55 % compared with 80–95 % at 21–23 °C. The adhesive should therefore be applied to substrates and ambient air above 12 °C for full film formation, unless auxiliary infrared or warm-air drying is available. At 30 °C and 70 % relative humidity, open time may exceed 15 min, causing excessive soak-in on low-density fibreboard and starved glue lines. Under those conditions, reducing the gap setting in a roller coater from 0.20 mm to 0.15 mm and increasing line speed from 20 m/min to 28 m/min restored fibre tear to above 75 %.
Beech assemblies prepared with 120 g/m² adhesive, pressed at 0.8 MPa for 20 min and conditioned for 7 days at 23 °C and 50 % relative humidity produce tensile shear strength values above 10 N/mm² when tested according to EN 205:2016, with wood failure generally above 80 %. The adhesive is intended for non-structural interior wood bonding where a D2 classification under EN 204:2016 is sufficient. Under D3 cyclic water exposure, published data for BT-02 specifically is limited, and end-users must run batch-specific validation before specifying the material in kitchen furniture, bathroom millwork, or other intermittent high-humidity service. Mixing with hardeners based on aluminium chloride or glyoxal can improve water resistance, but pot life then drops to 4–8 h and the mixture must not be returned to bulk storage.
In sheet lamination of printed board to greyboard, roll-applied BT-02 at 80–100 g/m² and nip pressures of 0.3–0.5 MPa develops paper fibre tear within 30–60 min at 25 °C. For automatic case-making lines running at 40–60 m/min, the adhesive is typically diluted with 2–5 wt% water to adjust flow through felt rollers; dilution beyond 10 wt% lowers wet tack and increases strike-through on 80 g/m² coated papers. The low plasticizer content avoids visible migration spots on printed surfaces after accelerated ageing at 40 °C for 7 days. Because the film remains thermoplastic, blocking resistance at 55 °C under 0.02 MPa is limited; coated stacks should be allowed to cool below 30 °C before pressure storage. The dispersion pH of 4.0–5.5 is compatible with most paper and board furnishes, but pH-sensitive archival paper should be subjected to a batch-specific spot test because the dried adhesive may contribute to local acidic surface conditions.
Compared with vinyl acetate-ethylene dispersions, BT-02 exhibits higher film hardness and better heat resistance, with a Kofler heat resistance of 60–70 °C on a dry film thickness of 100 µm; low-glass transition vinyl acetate-ethylene products typically fail below 45 °C in the same test. Compared with plasticized PVAc, BT-02 shows lower migration tendency into porous substrates and less reduction in initial tack after ageing because no dibutyl phthalate or benzoate plasticizer is present. Compared with emulsifier-stabilized PVAc dispersions, the polyvinyl alcohol protective colloid imparts higher wet tack and greater mechanical stability but reduces water resistance of the dried film. The polymer film is swellable before full coalescence; after complete drying, water resistance remains limited to the D2 category. For structural exterior wood joints, polyurethane or resorcinol-formaldehyde systems approved under EN 301:2017 are required.
| Parameter | BT-02 | Vinyl acetate-ethylene reference | Plasticized PVAc reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Minimum film formation temperature | 5–8 °C | <0 °C | 0–3 °C |
| Kofler heat resistance | 60–70 °C | 40–50 °C | 45–55 °C |
| Plasticizer migration after 7 days at 40 °C | None detected | None detected | Present in paper substrate |
| Water resistance category | D2 | D2–D3 grade dependent | D2 |
| Wet tack on porous beech | Higher | Moderate | Higher |
Before film formation, BT-02 is removed from stainless steel, polyethylene, and polyurethane surfaces with water at 20–40 °C. Dried film is not redispersible; cleanup requires warm water at 50–60 °C with a neutral or mildly alkaline detergent, followed by a rinse with 0.5 % acetic acid to prevent alkaline residue. On steel rolls, methyl ethyl ketone should not be used as the primary cleaner because it swells the film into a gritty deposit that clogs doctor blades; mechanical removal with a brass scraper is preferred. Production lines with two-component mixing equipment must not leave BT-02 in static hoses for more than 2 h at temperatures above 30 °C, because skin formation in partially open systems can release lumps that block 100 µm filter screens downstream.
Typical additive compatibility limits were established using a laboratory paddle mixer at 300 rpm. Calcium carbonate can be added up to 5 wt% without increasing Brookfield viscosity beyond 8,000 mPa·s; at 10 wt% filler, viscosity rises above 14,000 mPa·s and surface cratering appears in roll-coated films. Borax or boric acid additions above 0.5 wt% produce severe thickening and are not recommended. Nonionic wetting agents added at 0.2–0.5 wt% improve wet-out on coated stock; anionic surfactants above 1 wt% increase foam density and require an antifoam. The product should not be mixed with cationic polymers, chitosan, or aluminium sulfate above 0.1 wt%, because charge destabilization leads to sediment and loss of wet tack.
For edge gluing of softwood and hardwood in continuous lines, applied adhesive at 100–150 g/m² with a toothed roller and press pressure of 0.5–1.0 MPa achieves handling strength within 10–15 min at 20 °C. On high-speed radio-frequency curing presses operating at 27.12 MHz, BT-02 responds to radio-frequency heating because of its water and acetate dipole content, but conductive salt additives that increase radio-frequency response also lower water resistance and should be limited to 0.2 wt% sodium chloride or equivalent.
Storage in bulk tanks requires controlled temperature between 5 °C and 35 °C, avoiding freezing. A single freeze-thaw cycle can produce irreversible coagulation and increase residue on a 180 µm screen from 0.03 wt% to 1.5 wt%. Bulk tanks should use slow-speed side-entry agitators at 10–20 rpm; air-driven diaphragm pumps with pulsation dampeners are preferable to centrifugal pumps because prolonged shear in centrifugal pumps can reduce apparent viscosity by 10–15 % after 6 h of recirculation. Cold storage below 5 °C, direct steam heating, or addition of cationic polymers is outside the operational envelope.
