| HS Code | 413279 |
| Appearance | White milky liquid without visible particles |
| Solid Content | 50 ± 2% |
| Viscosity 25 C Brookfield | 8000-12000 mPa·s |
| Ph | 4.5-6.5 |
| Particle Size | 0.5-1.0 μm |
| Density 20 C | 1.08-1.10 g/cm³ |
| Glass Transition Temperature Tg | 20-30°C |
| Minimum Film Forming Temperature Mfft | 12-18°C |
| Residual Vinyl Acetate Monomer | < 0.5% |
| Mechanical Stability | Good under normal shear conditions |
| Freeze Thaw Stability | Poor; avoid freezing |
| Heat Resistance | Suitable up to 60°C |
| Water Resistance | Moderate water resistance |
| Storage Life | 6 months in original sealed container at 5-35°C |
As an accredited BT-03 PVAc Emulsion factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | BT-03 PVAc Emulsion is packaged in 50 kg sealed plastic drums, with four drums per pallet for safe transport. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | BT-03 PVAc Emulsion packed in drums, loaded into 20-foot FCL container, secured, ventilated, and labeled for safe transport. |
| Shipping | BT-03 PVAc Emulsion ships in sealed drums or IBCs to prevent leakage and contamination. Protect from freezing and excessive heat during transit. Use covered, dry transport vehicles. Ensure containers remain upright and secured. Handle with standard PPE; spill kits should be available. Not classified as dangerous goods for routine road or sea freight. |
| Storage | Store BT-03 PVAc Emulsion in tightly sealed, original containers in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area. Avoid direct sunlight, frost, and temperatures above 35°C. Keep away from heat sources and open flames. Stir gently before use. Shelf life is typically six months from manufacture date under proper storage conditions. |
| Shelf Life | Store in sealed containers below 25°C, away from frost. Shelf life: 12 months from manufacture date. |
BT-03 is a PVA-stabilized polyvinyl acetate homopolymer emulsion. Published data for this exact grade are limited to supplier certificate-of-analysis values; downstream process ranges are therefore representative of unplasticized PVAc homopolymer dispersions with 50–55% solids, pH 4.5–5.0, and Brookfield RV viscosity 10,000–15,000 mPa·s at 20 rpm and 25°C.
In edge-glued beech and oak panels for interior furniture, BT-03 is applied by roll coater at 120–180 g/m² onto planed beech conditioned to 10–12% moisture content. Closed assembly time must remain below 10 minutes at 23°C because the skin time of an unplasticized PVAc dispersion is typically 8–12 minutes at 50% relative humidity. Pressing at 0.6–0.8 MPa for 12–15 minutes at 20–25°C produces a continuous transparent glue line. The polymer particles coalesce above a minimum film formation temperature of approximately 5°C; below 8°C white chalking and low tensile shear are observed under EN 205:2016. The dried film has a glass transition temperature of 28–32°C, which controls sandability and heat resistance of chair seat blanks, door stile cores, and interior furniture frames. For D3 interior classification under EN 204:2016, dry tensile shear strength is typically above 10 N/mm², and wet shear after cold-water immersion is not less than 2 N/mm². Formulation includes 3–8 wt% of a 15% solids polyvinyl alcohol solution with a degree of hydrolysis of 88%; higher hydrolysis grades raise film brittleness. Calcium carbonate filler at 20–30 phr, with median particle size d50 5–10 µm, reduces glue-line shrinkage and improves sanding. Filler addition above 30 phr lowers dry shear strength by 10–20% because the filler interrupts coalescence. BT-03 is not suitable for D4 exterior joinery unless a crosslinker is added, because the homopolymer re-emulsifies after boiling-water exposure.
In rotary-press paper lamination, BT-03 is diluted with deionized water to 38–42% solids for gravure or roller application. At 15°C, emulsion viscosity rises to 800–1,200 mPa·s, but coalescence on 80 g/m² coated paper is incomplete when press dwell time is below 5 seconds. The first observable defect is micro-foaming and a milky adhesive layer between paper plies after the drying tunnel. The emulsion should be pre-conditioned to 20–25°C; if the line operates below 15°C, dilution must not exceed 40% solids and dryer web surface temperature must remain above 35°C for at least 1.5 seconds. At line speeds of 60–120 m/min, the dry add-on is controlled at 3–6 g/m² using gravure roll cell volume of 18–30 cm³/m² and doctor blade angle of 30–40°. Food packaging laminates maintain compliance with FDA 21 CFR 175.105 and EC 1935/2004 Article 3 when the adhesive does not contact food directly. Benzoate plasticizers at 3–8 wt% on solids improve film flexibility but require migration testing under Regulation EU 10/2011. Finished pouch stock is tested by TAPPI T 494 om-21 at 1.5–3.0 N/15 mm dry bond strength; wet bond retention of 30–40% after 60 seconds water immersion indicates adequate resistance to short-term condensation.
Paper core winding on high-speed spiral winders applies BT-03 at 48–55% solids after dilution with 2–5 wt% water and 0.05–0.20 wt% borax decahydrate to raise wet tack. Borate ion complexes with the polyvinyl alcohol protective colloid, increasing viscosity to 8,000–15,000 mPa·s, measured by Brookfield RV spindle 6 at 20 rpm and 25°C. In the nip between paper ply and mandrel, high-shear viscosity at 10,000 s⁻¹ is typically 200–600 mPa·s, which prevents fiber penetration and holds adhesive at the bond interface. The spiral tube winder operates at 40–80 m/min with winding angle 30–45° and nip pressure 0.3–0.6 MPa; wet grab must exceed 3–5 N/cm within 2 seconds to prevent layer slippage. Finished paper cores for polyester film and adhesive tape rely on the coalesced PVAc film for hoop strength. BT-03 alone cannot match the open tack of dextrin-starch blends on very dry paper. To compensate, 5–10 wt% dextrin or 2–5 wt% carboxymethyl starch is mixed into the PVAc. Borate addition above 0.20 wt% causes gelling and irreversible separation. Storage and application tanks must use 316L stainless steel or HDPE; the acetic acid in PVAc at pH 4.5–5.0 corrodes galvanized steel and iron, releasing ions that discolour the glue line.
Spray-bonded nonwoven lines for airlaid and carded hygiene webs dilute BT-03 to 10–15% solids with deionized water having conductivity below 50 µS/cm. Dilution is performed under low-speed agitation below 300 rpm to avoid shear-thinning beyond recovery. The diluted dispersion is sprayed through air-atomized nozzles with 0.5–0.8 mm orifices at 0.1–0.3 MPa atomizing air. A three-zone through-air oven cures the web at 105°C, 120°C, and 135°C for 45–90 seconds total after water evaporation. Final binder add-on of 12–20 wt% of fiber weight yields dry tensile strength of 25–40 N/50 mm measured to ISO 9073-3:2001. Wet tensile retention of 30–45% after 60 seconds water immersion is achievable without crosslinker; lower retention indicates incomplete coalescence or undercure. The glass transition temperature of 28–32°C gives the finished nonwoven stiffness for die-cut hygiene components, but binder add-on above 18 wt% creates boardiness in airlaid absorbent cores. To lower glass transition temperature, 5–12 wt% on emulsion solids of citric acid ester plasticizer is added at the end of dilution. Glycol ether plasticizers are avoided because they increase VOC and interfere with subsequent ultrasonic welding. The finished hygiene component must comply with OEKO-TEX Standard 100 Class I product limits when intended for infant care.
Sheet-fed book cover laminating lines apply BT-03 at 40–80 g/m² wet to 250–350 g/m² greyboard; cover paper of 115–150 g/m² is then pressed in a stack at 0.2–0.3 MPa for 4–6 hours. Substitution of starch with PVAc reduces paper curl because less water is introduced. Water content of the wet adhesive is 45–50%, compared with 65–75% for starch pastes. Board stiffness increases because the dried PVAc film has a glass transition temperature of 28–32°C. To control layflat, 5–8 wt% triacetin on emulsion solids is pre-dispersed into BT-03 before application. The plasticizer also lowers minimum film formation temperature to below 0°C, preventing embrittlement in cold-warehouse storage. The PVAc film softens above 60°C; therefore the adhesive is not suitable for book covers that pass through hot-foil stamping with dwell temperatures above 70°C unless a crosslinker is used. High-frequency drying of PVAc is inefficient because polyvinyl acetate has low dielectric loss factor; animal glue or polyurethane dispersions are retained when high-frequency tunnels are already installed. The finished product is a laminated case cover for hardback books, ring-binder boards, and packaging folders.
For low-VOC interior wall paints, BT-03 is formulated as the sole binder in a 25% pigment volume concentration flat finish. The emulsion is mixed at 8–12 wt% on total paint weight with 20–30 wt% titanium dioxide pigment, 15–25 wt% calcium carbonate extender, and 0.6–1.0 wt% associative thickener. Scrub resistance is measured by ISO 11998:2006. Below 8 wt% binder, scrub cycles fall below 200 because the binder cannot bridge the extenders. Above 15 wt% binder, gloss increases and opacity decreases. The optimum scrub resistance plateau occurs between 10–12 wt% binder, provided coalescent addition is 2–3 wt% on binder solids, typically a low-odour ester alcohol. Without coalescent, the dried film cracks at 8°C and fails early scrub testing. Finished paint pH is adjusted to 8.0–8.5 with ammonia or 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol; BT-03 is compatible with associative thickeners commonly used in low-solids interior paints. The formulation must not be stored in unlined steel tanks; residual acetic acid at pH 4.5–5.0 before neutralization corrodes steel and forms iron ions that discolour the wet film. Compliance with EU Directive 2004/42/CE requires VOC below 30 g/L for interior matt wall paints; BT-03 supports that limit when the free vinyl acetate content is declared below 0.1 wt% on the certificate of analysis. The finished paint is applied to plasterboard, concrete, and wallpaper substrates as a low-odour interior matt coating.
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BT-03 PVAc emulsion is an aqueous dispersion of polyvinyl acetate homopolymer supplied as a milky white liquid with a non-volatile content of 48–52% when tested according to ISO 3251. The product is characterised by a Brookfield RVT viscosity of 8,000–15,000 mPa·s at 23°C using spindle 6 at 20 min⁻¹, a pH of 3.0–5.0 under ISO 976, and a density of 1.07–1.10 g/cm³ per ISO 2811-1. The glass transition temperature of the dried homopolymer is typically 28–33°C by ISO 11357-2, and the minimum film formation temperature is ≤5°C by ISO 2115. The product is used as a base polymer in wood laminating adhesives, paperboard converting, and packaging assembly where medium-high viscosity controls wetting into porous substrates without excessive penetration. Compared with low-solids commodity PVAc grades, the higher dry-solids mass fraction reduces film shrinkage on drying and permits higher applied coat weights in single-pass machine coating.
| Property | Control range | Test method |
|---|---|---|
| Appearance | Milky white liquid, free of grit | Visual |
| Non-volatile content | 48–52% | ISO 3251, 2 h at 105°C |
| Viscosity | 8,000–15,000 mPa·s | ISO 2555, Brookfield RVT spindle 6, 20 min⁻¹, 23°C |
| pH | 3.0–5.0 | ISO 976 |
| Density | 1.07–1.10 g/cm³ | ISO 2811-1 |
| Minimum film formation temperature | ≤5°C | ISO 2115 |
| Glass transition temperature | 28–33°C | ISO 11357-2 |
| Average particle size | 0.8–1.5 µm | ISO 13320-1 |
| Total volatile organic compound content | <50 g/L | ISO 11890-2 |
Rheological characterisation of BT-03 is necessary to set pump and roll pressures. The emulsion is pseudoplastic, with a shear viscosity at 1 s⁻¹ approximately 25,000–35,000 mPa·s and at 100 s⁻¹ approximately 4,000–6,000 mPa·s, measured with a cone-and-plate viscometer at 23°C. The shear-thinning behaviour allows low-shear reservoir stability without settling, but it also means that gear-pump feed lines must be sized for low-shear viscosity at 0.1–1 s⁻¹ rather than for the Brookfield value published in the specification. In production, pump cavitation has been observed when the product is drawn through fittings smaller than 25 mm diameter at room temperature; reducing pump speed or warming the emulsion to 30–35°C lowers line pressure.
Storage conditions are operationally significant for BT-03. The product is specified for 12 months stability in unopened containers at 10–35°C. Freeze–thaw cycling below 0°C is not recommended because irreversible coagulation of polyvinyl acetate particles can produce grit that clogs roller applicator cells and spray tips. Containers should be closed when not in use to prevent surface skinning, which occurs when water loss at the air interface exceeds 5% of total mass. Viscosity drift is normally less than 5% over six months at 23°C.
On production cold presses, BT-03 is applied by rubber-covered roller coater at 80–120 g/m² for flat-grain veneer lamination to MDF or particleboard. Coater roll hardness of 60–80 Shore A and line speeds of 20–25 m/min provide a wet film sufficiently uniform to avoid dry-bond gaps. Open time at 23°C and 55% RH ranges from 5–8 min; pressing at 0.5–1.0 N/mm² for 10–20 min produces handling strength, while full strength develops over 24 h. If relative humidity exceeds 70%, water loss is delayed and early fibre tear on oak veneer is reduced; forced-air pre-drying at 35–40°C for 2–4 min is recommended before assembly under those conditions.
Relative to ethylene–vinyl acetate (VAE) copolymer dispersions, BT-03 has a higher glass transition temperature, typically 28–33°C by ISO 11357-2, which yields harder dried films and higher dry adhesion to cellulosic substrates but lower cold-flex and wet-resistance behaviour. Unmodified BT-03 is not expected to meet EN 204 D3 wet-service classification without crosslinker addition, whereas formulated VAE copolymers are often evaluated for D3 or D4 service. Compared with waterborne polyurethane dispersions, unplasticized PVAc films exhibit lower elongation at break, commonly 5–15% measured under ISO 527-3 after 7 days at 23°C and 50% RH. Published data for BT-03 in this specific comparison is limited, so the elongation range should be understood as representative of unplasticized PVAc homopolymer films rather than a certified lot-specific value. For flexible films or water-immersed joints, a VAE or polyurethane dispersion is preferred.
Dry shear strength of formulated BT-03 wood joints on beechwood prepared according to EN 205 is typically not less than 10 N/mm² with cohesive wood failure above 80% after 24 h. Wet strength after 4 h cold water immersion decreases to 2–4 N/mm² for unmodified films, which is consistent with the limitation that wet-service use requires crosslinker or external water-resistant polymer blending. These values are class-typical for unplasticized homopolymer PVAc adhesives; lot-specific certification tests must follow the end adhesive formulation rather than the emulsion alone.
Carton side-seam bonding on high-speed converting lines uses BT-03 as a nozzle-applied bead of 0.3–0.6 mm diameter, compressed between board surfaces at 0.3–0.6 MPa for 0.2–0.5 s. Immediate fibre-tearing bonds are commonly obtained on clay-coated folding carton stock when the adhesive penetrates the top coating, but tack development decreases at machine speeds above 300 m/min. Heated compression belts at 60–80°C or radiant pre-drying units are used to restore handling bond at higher speeds. Specific published data for BT-03 on high-speed packaging configurations is limited; production line trials should confirm tack against press speed and board surface energy.
For lamination of high-pressure laminate to particleboard, a coat weight of 90–150 g/m² is typically transferred using an ethylene-propylene rubber roller coater with 60–80 Shore A roll hardness. Roller speed ratio between applicator and metering rolls is maintained at 1.2:1–1.5:1 to control adhesive film thickness without frothing. Spray application of BT-03 requires dilution to 20–30% added water by mass and airless tip openings of 0.28–0.36 mm at 10–15 MPa; misting increases sharply above 40°C and with low-viscosity dilution. Slot-die extrusion works only when viscosity is maintained below 20,000 mPa·s; at 10°C, the viscosity rise can produce bead pulsation on gear-pump feed systems. These application limits distinguish BT-03 from lower-viscosity PVAc grades in the 2,000–4,000 mPa·s range, which are preferred for high-pressure spray and fine nozzle application.
Edge banding of PVC and ABS bands to particleboard with BT-03 requires modification because the homopolymer film is too hard and wet grab is low. A compatible waterborne tackifier or binder blend is used to achieve initial grab for banding speeds up to 15–25 m/min; without modification, band spring-back is observed after the compression station. This limitation defines the product boundary relative to ethylene–vinyl acetate hot melts, which are preferred for high-speed edge banding above 25 m/min.
Replacement of solvent-based polychloroprene contact adhesives with BT-03 changes process timing and regulatory exposure. The emulsion is typically below 50 g/L total volatile organic compound content by ISO 11890-2, supporting emissions control under EU Directive 2004/42/EC where applicable. Intentional addition of phthalate plasticizers is absent from the product, but compliance with the REACH Candidate List and RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU must be verified by lot-specific supplier documentation. Unlike solvent contact adhesives, BT-03 requires water loss to develop tack; open times are shorter and are influenced by relative humidity. Dry adhesion to porous wood is high, but initial grab on non-porous substrates such as PVC, ABS, and cold-rolled steel is lower. For non-porous lamination, surface priming or blending with a compatible waterborne tackifier is required.
Regulatory status must be confirmed by supplier documentation for each lot. PVAc homopolymer dispersions of this type are commonly used as indirect food contact adhesives under FDA 21 CFR 175.105 and as components under FDA 21 CFR 176.170 for paper and paperboard in contact with aqueous and fatty foods, but the exact BT-03 composition must be reviewed against the select substances list. The product should not be qualified for potable water contact or pharmaceutical packaging unless explicitly supported by batch-specific migration testing under EU Regulation 10/2011.
| Property | BT-03 PVAc | VAE copolymer | Waterborne polyurethane | Solvent-based neoprene |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-volatile content | 48–52% | 55–60% | 35–50% | 20–25% |
| Glass transition temperature | 28–33°C | -20 to 0°C | -50 to 20°C | -40 to -30°C |
| Elongation at break of unplasticized film, ISO 527-3 | 5–15% | 300–800% | 200–600% | 500–800% |
| Wet bond potential under EN 204 | D2 pass; D3 requires crosslinker | D3–D4 formulation dependent | D4 possible after crosslinking | Not classified under EN 204 |
| Total volatile organic compound content | <50 g/L | <50 g/L | <50 g/L | >600 g/L |
Formulation adjustments for BT-03 are made with polyvinyl alcohol or starch to raise viscosity and extend open time. Addition of 5–15% tributyl O-acetylcitrate (ATBC) by mass on total emulsion lowers the glass transition temperature and improves adhesion to flexible films, but plasticizer migration can reduce bond strength after 6 months on low-porosity substrates. Amine-based additives should not be combined with BT-03 because amine species raise pH above 5.0 and can destabilize the weakly acidic colloid, producing viscosity drift and coagulation. Acidic crosslinkers such as glyoxal or aluminum chloride at 0.5–2.0 phr are used in two-component formats, but mixed pot life at 23°C is typically 4–8 h. Separation of equipment wash water should follow local municipal limits because residual PVAc solids can deposit in drains.
